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Energy Web Practice Completion Complete each statement. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. potential energy fission potential energy gravitational potential energy gravitational potential energy fission 1. The energy an object has because of its position is called ____________________. Short Answer 2. Where does the sun get its energy to light and heat Earth? 3. Why does a stretched bow have potential energy? 4. What two measurements do you multiply together to find gravitational potential energy? 5. How is electrical energy produced at a nuclear power plant? 6. What is the gravitational potential energy of a book that weighs 15 N at a height of 2.5 m off the ground? 7. Demonstrate the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy by using a pendulum model. Use the image below to answer the following questions. 8. At which point(s) does the pendulum have the most potential energy? 9. At which point(s) does the pendulum have the most kinetic energy? Matching Match each item with the correct statement below. a. law of conservation of energy d. aerodynamic shape b. closed system e. friction c. energy efficiency ____ 10. force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching ____ 11. rule that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed ____ 12. group of objects that transfer energy only to each other ____ 13. comparison of the amount of energy before and after a conversion Match each item with the correct statement below. a. gravitational potential energy f. sound energy b. energy g. mechanical energy c. light energy h. thermal energy d. kinetic energy i. electrical energy e. potential energy ____ 14. the ability to do work ____ 15. the energy an object has because of its position ____ 16. all of the kinetic energy due to the random motion of the particles that make up an object Essay 17. Mrs. Kent is placing boxes of books on some shelves. When she needs to place the same boxes on a higher shelf, how is the gravitational potential energy of the boxes affected? 18. Why is it impossible to create a perpetual motion machine? 19. Explain how the energy from a wood fire actually comes from the sun. 20. When a musician pulls the strings of a guitar, what happens to make the sound reach your ear? Energy Web Practice Answer Section COMPLETION 1. ANS: potential energy PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 SHORT ANSWER 2. ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answer: A reaction called fusion occurs and gives off a large amount of energy. The sun’s light and heat come from the energy of this reaction. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 3. ANS: The bow has potential energy because work was done on it to change its shape. PTS: 1 4. ANS: weight and height DIF: 2 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 5. ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answer: The nuclear plants generate thermal energy that boils water to produce steam. The steam turns a turbine, which rotates a generator. The generator spins to convert kinetic energy to electrical energy. PTS: 1 6. ANS: 37.5 J DIF: 2 REF: 4 OBJ: 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 1 OBJ: 2 7. ANS: As the pendulum is lifted upward, it gains potential energy. When the pendulum is released and swings downward, that potential energy is converted to kinetic energy. PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 2 OBJ: 2 8. ANS: The pendulum has maximum potential energy at points A and E. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: 1 9. ANS: The pendulum has maximum kinetic energy at point C. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: 1 10. ANS: OBJ: 11. ANS: OBJ: 12. ANS: OBJ: 13. ANS: OBJ: E 1 A 2 B 1 C 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 3 14. ANS: OBJ: 15. ANS: OBJ: 16. ANS: OBJ: B 1 E 2 H 3 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 1 MATCHING ESSAY 17. ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answer: The gravitational potential energy of the boxes will increase because she needs to raise the boxes to a higher shelf. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 4 OBJ: 2 18. ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answers: Some wasted thermal energy always results from energy conversions. The only way to keep a machine moving is to have a constant supply of energy. PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 3 OBJ: 4 19. ANS: Answers may vary. Sample answer: Photosynthesis uses light energy from the sun to make the tree. The chemical energy from a tree can be converted to thermal energy when you burn the tree’s wood. PTS: 1 20. ANS: DIF: 2 REF: 2 OBJ: 2 Answers may vary. Sample answer: When the strings are stretched, they store potential energy. When the strings are released, the potential energy is converted to kinetic energy, which makes the strings vibrate. The strings transmit some of the kinetic energy to the air, which also vibrates. This energy is transmitted to your ear. PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 1