Download Exploring the Ocean

Exploring the Ocean
(Hapalochlaena maculosa)
Blue-ringed Octopus
The Ocean generates:
•
•
•
•
•
Fresh H2O that we drink.
The O2 we breath
Our climate
Seafood
Medicines
Earth
• 75% of earth’s surface is composed of
water.
• 25% land
Water
• Water- 97% is salt water
• 3% freshwater-only about 1% is available
to us.
• Only 5% of the ocean
has been explored.
• 95% still remains
unexplored.
Famous Explorers
• Jacques Cousteau
• Co-inventor of the
Aqua-lung.
• Revolutionized the
way humans view
water through
books, films and
TV series.
Dr. Sylvia Earle
• Marine Biologisthas led more
than 60
expeditions
worldwide.
• Has spent more
than 7,000 hours
underwater. (291
days or 9 and ½
months.)
• Dr. Robert Ballard
• One of the world’s
most famous ocean
explorers best
known for his
discovery of the
Titanic in 1985.
• Revolutionized
explorations with the
use of ROVs
(remotely operated
vehicles).
• 1977 he discovered
hydrothermal vents
and their unique life
forms.
• Dr. Peter Auster
• Director for the
National Undersea
Research Center,
University of
Connecticut.
• Ecologist and
Conservation
Biologist whose
focus is marine
fishes and their
habitat.
Most Amazing Ocean
Locations
1. Mariana Trench
• At a depth of 35,805 feet, almost seven
miles below surface.
• One of the least explored places on earth.
• Was pinpointed by the Challenger II in
1951.
• Deep enough to swallow Mt Everest.
• In 1960 Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard
descended in the submersible called the
Trieste which could withstand 16,000lbs of
pressure per square inch.
• Japanese-built robot Kaiko
• Five hours to descend to the bottom.
Nereus (AUV)Autonomous
Underwater Vehicle
2. American Samoa
• American Samoa group of 6 islands in the
Southern Pacific.
• Home of the Polynesian culture.
• In Samoan Culture Sea turtles have the
power to save fisherman.
• American Samoa’s reefs are home to
many hundreds of fish species.
• The largest tuna processing plant.
• 1,000 lbs of tuna each day in sustainable
fisheries.
Tuna
3. North Western Hawaiian Islands
• World’s largest marine protected areas.
• A chain of coral atolls, reefs and islands.
• Most diverse aquatic ecosystem.
• Stretching over 1,200 miles.
• A marine national monument.
4. Gulf of Alaska Seamount Chains
• Underwater mountains rise above the
seafloor.
• Most are extinct volcanoes that formed
above hotspots.
• Expeditions using ROVs have discovered
many deep sea coral, sponges and fish
5. Arctic Ocean- Beaufort Sea
• Special species adaptations to harsh
conditions and temperatures.
• Sea ice protects arctic communities and
shorelines from erosion.
• Ringed seals depend on sea ice to breed
and raise their young.
• Polar bears depend on ringed seals
• Climate changes are causing the
ice to melt.
• Causing loss of habitat.
• Many native Alaskans are forced
into wildlife habitat because of the
diminishing shoreline.
6. Juan De Fuca Ridge
• Stretching 300 miles along the coast of
Oregon and Washington.
• Underground Volcanic mountain range.
• Created by the separation of the Juan de
Fuca plate and the Pacific plate.
• Home to many chemo-autotrophic
organisms.
• Hydrothermal vents-Deep sea vents
release lava heated water of 400°F.
• Black clouds or black smokers.
• On contact with seawater minerals
crystalize and settle on the sea floor
around vent openings.
• Over time the mineral deposits grow like
chimneys.
7. Monterey Canyon
Deep Sea Medusan (Periphylla
periphylla)
Barreleye Fish
• A canyon under the sea.
• Twice as deep as the Arizona Grand
Canyon.
• Seafloor-absolute darkness: chemoautotrophic organisms
• Giant kelp and algae major O2 producers.
• Full of biodiversity.
8. Gulf of Mexico
• Accumulated sediments has formed a belt
of salt domes underneath the seafloor.
• Flower Garden Banks National Marine
Sanctuary.
• Carbon Rich sediments produce oil banks.
9. Dry Tortugas National Park
• Seven small islands of coral and rock in
the Florida Keys.
• Sanctuary for endangered green and
loggerhead turtles.
Hawksbill Turtle
10. Puerto Rico Trench
• Deepest place in the Atlantic ocean.
• 27,395 ft. (5.2mi)
• Caused by tectonic plates similar to San
Andreas fault.
• Tsunamis and earthquakes are a threat to
nearby islands.
11.The Gulf Stream
• Warm water from the tropics flows to
higher latitudes.
• Effects weather patterns
12.Georges Bank
• Lucrative fishery for cod and halibut fish.
• Oceanographer canyon located at 6,600 ft.