Download Mouth

Mouth
• Salivary glands make
saliva
• Saliva contains amylase
• Amylase breaks down
carbohydrates
• Saliva contains mucus; a
slimy substance
• What will bacteria
together with the saliva
form?
• Plaque
Mouth
• Salivary glands make saliva
• Saliva contains amylase
• Amylase breaks down
carbohydrates
• Saliva contains mucus; a
slimy substance
• To which class of
enzymes does amylase
belong?
• Carbohydrase
Mouth
• Salivary glands make saliva
• Saliva contains amylase
• Amylase breaks down
carbohydrates
• Saliva contains mucus; a
slimy substance
• Carbohydrates breaks
into ….. molecules
• Glucose
Mouth
• Salivary glands make saliva
• Saliva contains amylase
• Amylase breaks down
carbohydrates
• Saliva contains mucus; a
slimy substance
• What is the function of
mucus?
• It helps food slip down your
throat
Oesophagus
• Also called gullet
• Job: to pass food to your
stomach
• Peristalsis takes place
• Peristalsis: circular
muscles contract behind
the food while muscles in
front relax
• What is the function of
the epiglottis?
• Cover the windpipe; so
food won’t get in the
windpipe
Oesophagus
• Also called gullet
• Job: to pass food to
your stomach
• Peristalsis takes place
• Peristalsis: circular
muscles contract behind
the food while muscles in
front relax
• Which pipe is next to
the oesophagus?
• Windpipe
Oesophagus
• Also called gullet
• Job: to pass food to your
stomach
• Peristalsis takes place
• Peristalsis: circular
muscles contract behind
the food while muscles in
front relax
• What is the function of
the soft palate?
• It stops to food from
going to your nose
Oesophagus
• Also called gullet
• Job: to pass food to your
stomach
• Peristalsis takes place
• Peristalsis: circular
muscles contract
behind the food while
muscles in front relax
• Is it possible that
peristalsis goes from
bottom to top?
• Yes, that is when you
vomit
Stomach
• Makes proteases to
break down proteins
• Contains hydrochloric
acid to kill germs
• Babies make rennin to
make milk solid
• Food is churned up, so it
is mixed with the juices
• What is the name of the
organ next to your
stomach?
• Liver
Stomach
• Makes proteases to break
down proteins
• Contains hydrochloric
acid to kill germs
• Babies make rennin to
make milk solid
• Food is churned up, so it
is mixed with the juices
• How much food can be
hold in your stomach?
• 2 litres
Stomach
• Makes proteases to break
down proteins
• Contains hydrochloric
acid to kill germs
• Babies make rennin to
make milk solid
• Food is churned up, so it
is mixed with the juices
• What is the pH is the
stomach?
• Acid (lower than 7)
Stomach
• Makes proteases to break
down proteins
• Contains hydrochloric
acid to kill germs
• Babies make rennin to
make milk solid
• Food is churned up, so
it is mixed with the
juices
• How long does food
stay in the stomach?
• 2 – 3 hours
Duodenum
• First part of small
intestine
• Addition of pancreatic juice
• Addition of bile
• Pancreatic juice is made in
the pancreas
• Why is bile added?
• Emulsifies fats, neutrilises
acid
Duodenum
• First part of small intestine
• Addition of pancreatic
juice
• Addition of bile
• Pancreatic juice is made in
the pancreas
• Where is bile stored?
• Gal bladder
Duodenum
•
•
•
•
First part of small intestine
Addition of pancreatic juice
Addition of bile
Pancreatic juice is made in
the pancreas
• What is digestied in the
duodenum?
• Fats, proteins and
carbohydrates
Duodenum
•
•
•
•
First part of small intestine
Addition of pancreatic juice
Addition of bile
Pancreatic juice is made
in the pancreas
• Why are fats emulsified?
• To increase surface area
for lipase enzymes to act
upon
Small intestine
• Digestion takes place
• Absorption of nutrients
takes place
• Intestinal juice is made,
which contains lipases,
proteases and
carbohydrases
• Small intestine has a lot of
villi
• What is a villi?
• A finger-like structure in
your small intestine
Small intestine
• Digestion takes place
• Absorption of nutrients
takes place
• Intestinal juice is made,
which contains lipases,
proteases and
carbohydrases
• Small intestine has a lot of
villi
• How thick is the villus
wall?
• One cell thick
Small intestine
• Digestion takes place
• Absorption of nutrients
takes place
• Intestinal juice is made,
which contains lipases,
proteases and
carbohydrases
• Small intestine has a lot of
villi
• What is the surface area
of the small intestine?
• 9 square metres
Small intestine
• Digestion takes place
• Absorption of nutrients
takes place
• Intestinal juice is made,
which contains lipases,
proteases and
carbohydrases
• Small intestine has a lot
of villi
• Why is the innerlining
folded?
• To increase surface area
Bile
• Is made by the liver
• Is stored in the gall
bladder
• It is alkaline
• It emulsifies fats
• Why is it alkaline?
• To neutralise the bulk
from the stomach
Bile
• Is made by the liver
• Is stored in the gall
bladder
• It is alkaline
• It emulsifies fats
• What is emulsifying?
• Breaking fats into smaller
pieces (but not yet
glycerol and fatty acids)
to increase surface area
Bile
• Is made by the liver
• Is stored in the gall
bladder
• It is alkaline
• It emulsifies fats
• The gall is released into
the …….
• Duodenum
Bile
• Is made by the liver
• Is stored in the gall
bladder
• It is alkaline
• It emulsifies fats
• How does the bile enter
the duodenum?
• Via the bile duct
Absorption nutrients
• It happens in the small
intestine
• The small intestine has a
thin lining
• The small intestine has a
good blood supply
• The small intestine has a
very large surface area
• What is the function of
the vili?
• To increase the surface
area
Absorption nutrients
• It happens in the small
intestine
• The small intestine has a
thin lining
• The small intestine has a
good blood supply
• The small intestine has a
very large surface area
• Which juice is made in
the small intestine?
• Intestinal juice
Absorption nutrients
• It happens in the small
intestine
• The small intestine has a
thin lining
• The small intestine has
a good blood supply
• The small intestine has a
very large surface area
• What is digested in the
small intestine?
• Proteins and
carbohydrates
Absorption nutrients
• It happens in the small
intestine
• The small intestine has a
thin lining
• The small intestine has a
good blood supply
• The small intestine has a
very large surface area
• How long is the small
intestine?
• About 6 metres
Large intestine
• Not much useful food is
left here
• The rest is; fibre (!),
bacteria, dead cells and
water
• Water is absorbed here
• The solid waste, faeces,
is stored in the rectum.
• Another word for the
solid waste that is left?
• Faeces
Large intestine
• Not much useful food is left
here
• The rest is; fibre (!),
bacteria, dead cells and
water
• Water is absorbed here
• The solid waste, faeces, is
stored in the rectum.
• What would happen if a
large part of your large
intestine would be
removed?
• Not enough water will be
absorbed (your faeces will be
watery)
Large intestine
• Not much useful food is left
here
• The rest is; fibre (!),
bacteria, dead cells and
water
• Water is absorbed here
• The solid waste, faeces, is
stored in the rectum.
• How long does it take for
food to pass the whole
digestive system?
• Between 24 and 48 hours
Large intestine
• Not much useful food is
left here
• The rest is; fibre (!),
bacteria, dead cells and
water
• Water is absorbed here
• The solid waste, faeces,
is stored in the rectum.
• Where is the waste
stored?
• Rectum