Download Evolution as a Unifying Theme Intro Biological evolution, simply put

Evolution as a Unifying Theme
Intro
 Biological evolution, simply put, is _______________________________________________________________
• Includes
o _________________________________________- changes in the occurrence of genes in a
population from one generation to the next
o _________________________________________- the descent of different species from a
common ancestor over many generations
• Evolution helps us to understand the history of life
o Put into context with ________________________________ and _________________________
evidence
How Biologists view Evolutionary Theory
 #1- All organisms are considered to evolve, and have evolved since life began
• A central idea known as Descent with Modification
o All life on earth _________________________________________________________________
o This common ancestor gave rise to the great _______________________________ of life today
 #2- Scientists are not yet certain how life originated, but there is a lot of _____________________________ and
_____________________________________ evidence that organic life evolved from simple inorganic molecules
 #3- Darwinian evolution are commonly accepted as ____________________
• The mechanisms and order of events are continuously being evaluated
 #4- All the processes that affect both physical environment and organisms today are considered to have always
been affecting the physical and living world
• Known as the ________________________________________________________________
 #5- Science does not deny the existence of a supernatural power. Science, does, however, deny that such a
power can be studied from a _____________________________________________________________, and
thus _______________________________________________________________________________________
• If it is not able to be tested, and does not give rise to predictions about the universe, it is not science
 #6- Everything scientists discover and/or claim is up on the table for ________________________________, and
if evidence warrants, refutation
• ______________________________________________ in science
• Structure, function, processes, and relationships revealed by research are considered facts until they are
refuted by legitimate scientific means
 #7- Theories are ________________________________________________________________ developed from
diverse sources of evidence gathered using a variety of technologies
• New technology allows for theories for be re-evaluated
• Any general explanation that ___________________________________________________ can become
accepted as a theory
o “it’s just a theory” is a phrase that carries ________________________________ with scientists
 #8- Evolution can explain a variety of different phenomena
• Organisms share a vast majority of ________________________________________________________
o Ex: yeast – chickens – primates
• The development of domesticated plants and animals
• Changes in ___________________________________________ are products of changes in the genetic
make up of organisms
• Movements of infectious agents through populations
• Development of _________________________________________________________ strains of viruses
and bacterium
• The significant diversity of ________________________________________________________
History of Evolutionary Theory
Target #1- I can summarize the contributions of scientists to the development of evolutionary theory
 _________________________________________________________
• An ___________________________________________ from the 1500’s
• Most known for detailed and accurate drawings of the ________________________________________
o Knowledge led to the discovery of important __________________________________________
_____________________________________
• Darwin used anatomical information to build his theory of evolution
 __________________________________________________________
• Determined that animals, including humans, had many ________________________________________
____________________________________
o muscles, eyes, bones, organs, and so on
o all played vital functions to help keep the animal alive.
 __________________________________________________________
• Determined that fossils are _______________________________________________________ forms of
previously living organisms
o Determined how these fossils formed
o Determined that fossils were ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
• Created the _________________________________________________________________
o Rock layers form in a horizontal pattern with the __________________________________ layer
found on the ___________________________________ and the _________________________
layer found on the _________________ in a series of rock layers
o Used to determine the _______________________________________________ of all fossils
 __________________________________________________________
• First to organize all living things in to a _____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
o Largest group Kingdom
o Smallest group  Species
• Organization according to the _________________________________________________ of organisms
characteristics
 ___________________________________________________________
• One of the first scientists to suggest that species change over time
• Believed that life had begun through ______________________________________________________,
and that life is driven to evolve into ________________________________________________________
• Unlike Darwin, LaMarck believed that organisms change through ________________________________
o Argued that life was not fixed
o When environments changed, organisms had to change their ____________________________
to survive.
 If they began to use an organ more than they had in the past, it would increase in its
lifetime.
 Ex: If a giraffe stretched its neck for leaves, for example, a "nervous fluid" would flow
into its neck and make it longer. Its offspring would inherit the longer neck, and
continued stretching would make it longer still over several generations.
 Meanwhile organs that organisms stopped using would shrink
 ___________________________________________________________
• Discovered that populations of organisms are influenced by several factors
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
• Determined that the __________________________ the population becomes, the _________________
resources are available per individual, therefore ___________________________________ will increase
o Only those that are _________________________________ will survive to reproduce offspring
for the next generation
Target #2- I can state the conclusion that Wallace and Darwin came to, which became the basis for the theory of
evolution
 The raw material used to build Darwin’s theory had been collected for over 300 years
• Geologists and paleontologists had made a case that life had been on earth for a
________________________, that is had changed over time, and that many species had
_______________________________________________
• Embryologists and naturalists build the observed evidence Darwin used
 Charles Darwin and British biologist Alfred Russell Wallace independently conceived of a natural, observable,
way for life to change
• Known as ___________________________________________
• Both Darwin & Wallace determined using Malthus’ principles of populations that plants and animals
experience the same environmental pressures, like food supply and weather phenomena
**Conclusion
o Realized that:


On average, the trait will become _______________________________________ in the
following generation, and the generation after that.
They also stated that, if given enough time, natural selection could _________________
________________________________________________________________________