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Policy Translation and implementation Chair: Alphonsine Rapporteau: Lynn Air pollution and health • Are the existing policies and regulations adequate? – Use of international guidelines and conventions • Rwanda: not so adequate • Kenya: Kenya Bureau of Standards-has come up with laws, there is air quality standards • Many vehicles in Nairobi • No consistent ways to monitor air pollution • Lot of adaptation 2 • Lack of adequate research to inform policy • Have a national climate change strategy • There is a lot of borrowing adopting results and frameworks • Strong labor laws and organizations • Uganda: • No set up of air quality standards but UNDP has taken on an initiative to monitor air quality and thru the track green gas initiative – Staff are being trained • What are the pathways from research to action? – Need for local evidence to inform policy – Most policy have gaps due to lack of research. Usually gaps are filled along the way – Need for communication training for science • Reason for gaps in communication: scientists are not good in communication. They need to communication • Need evidence – Laws made by politicians and the issues of pollution are not that visible to them – In Uganda, there is an opportunity for political champions to take an advantage • the ban of plastic bags • What are the challenges for implementation? • In RW environment is under several authorities – RW Envir. Authority, RW metrology agency, research institutions • Awareness is a problem • Financial and Human resources • Any big opposing forces – E.g. URA vs Nema. E.g. old Vehicles importation vs revenue. • • • • BAT and other powerful org Enforcement issues Policies available but implementation is still a challenge Need communication training for scientists may be some module in the university – In the US some funding was obtained to fund this – How can the challenges be overcome? – Use of pol champions should be taken advantage of – Need to involve political leaders to have matters taken forward • e.g. President Obama (climate change is a PH issue) – Closes collaboration and coordination of government agencies – We need to train human resources – Enforcement: • We need incentives for enforcements for compliance • Tax for old cars is higher – Strategic plans for capacity building • Enforcement – Need equipment to analyze samples • Equipment – The monitoring of air pollution monitoring is not consistent in Nairobi – Coordination of efforts across agencies • RW: has developed CC observatory and are doing research. This is under min of education • UG, KE & RW: have CC mainstreaming guidelines, have CC TWGS • KE: NEMA, MOH there are committee which to followup – Overcoming obstacles to policy implementation Policy Translation and implementation II Additional issues • Climate change and health – – – – National/regional efforts Vulnerabilities Existing and adaptation programs Assess adaptation and mitigation benefits • Occupational safety and health – Dealing with issues to do with emerging industries • • • • • Instruments exist but not followed/implemented People falling off buildings in ET Pesticides use very high ET The tuktuk killing pple in ET KE: Juwakali work is not regulated /metal work/pit latrines 8 Summary according to ToR • To conduct in depth discussions on the next steps in establishing activities for the full hub • To identify areas of focus and ways of implementing them • Policies exist but are – not informed by local data and – not implemented or enforced • Use of intl guidelines is strong but implementation is weak • Pathways from research to action – need for local evidence but also – need for communications training for scientists to inform policy makers (inspired by env scientists in US) – ie messaging on climate change as a public health – Lack of political champion • Challenges: – financial – both the lack of resources and conflicting financial interests (ie: vehicles and taxation brings in money to govt but then the health ‘cost’ is so much more) – awareness – coordination between groups – conflicts of interest between agencies and groups – lack of penalties – enforcement and lack of strong incentives (in Uganda some incentives exist but they aren’t strong enough to be an incentive) – lack of training