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I Can • Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative Disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative Disorders Group of pathologies involving “fragmentation” of the personality Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative fugue Depersonalization disorder A psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information Dissociative identity disorder Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization disorder Dissociative amnesia with the addition of “flight” from one’s home, family, and job Dissociative identity disorder Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative identity disorder Abnormality involving the sensation of mind and body having separated. The sense of having an ‘out of body’ experience Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative Disorders Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Condition in which the individual displays multiple identities. (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder) to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to confirm his or her behavior to the law. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Can I • Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative Disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN • Distinguish the 5 major types of schizophrenia Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Schizophrenia Psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Positive Negative Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Features incoherent speech, hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. Undifferentiated Residual Type For example… talking to imaginary people Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Involves either stupor or extreme excitement. Two forms Catatonic Stupor: Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Type Patients may remain motionless for hours, even days, …. sometimes holding rigid, statue like poses. Catatonic Excitement: Patients become agitated, hyperactive Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Type Prominent feature: combination of delusions and hallucinations. This becomes the basis of their real life!! Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Type Persons displaying a combination of symptoms that do not clearly fit in one of the other categories Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Type Individuals who have had a past episode of schizophrenia but are free of symptoms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Positive Schizophrenia Negative Schizophrenia Any form in which the person displays active symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations) Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Positive Schizophrenia Negative Schizophrenia Any form distinguished by deficits, such as withdrawal and poverty of thought processes Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Possible Causes of Schizophrenia Evidence for the causes of schizophrenia has been found in a variety of factors including… A. genetics B. abnormal brain structure C. Biochemistry Fundamentally it is a brain disorder…no longer seen as a result of defective parenting or repressed childhood trauma Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Possible Causes of Schizophrenia Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis The theory that says genetic factors place the individual at risk…and environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I • Distinguish the 5 major types of shcizophrenia Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN • Distinguish the characteristics of the major types of personality disorders. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Personality Disorders Conditions involving a chronic, pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion, social relationships, or impulse control. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Narcissistic Personality Disorder An exaggerated sense of selfimportance. Characterized by a grandiose sense of selfimportance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success and power, and a need for constant attention Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Antisocial Personality Disorder Characterized by a long-standing pattern of irresponsible behavior indicating a lack of conscience and a diminished sense of responsibility to others. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Borderline Personality Disorder An unstable personality given to impulsive behavior. Main signs: instability, impulsivity Unpredictable moods Stormy interpersonal relationships Becoming upset and abusive in response to perceived slights Little tolerance for frustration Tendency for substance abuse Suicide Promiscuity Binge eating, wreckless driving, selfmutilation Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I • Distinguish the characteristics of the major types of personality disorders. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN • Distinguish the developmental disorders by symptoms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Autism A fundamental brain disorder with genetic influences marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person’s state of mind. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Asperger’s Syndrome/Disorder A milder variant of Autistic Disorder. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. People with Asperger's often display intense interests. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dyslexia/ Developmental Reading Disorder It is estimated that dyslexia affects between 5% and 17% of the U.S. population. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ADHD Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A developmental disability involving short attention span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in remaining inactive for any period of time.. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for the child's age and development . Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Ritalin- Methylphenidate Street Name / Slang Terms Kibbles & Bits, Kiddy-Cocaine, Skippy, Smarties, Vitamin R. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I • Distinguish the developmental disorders by symptoms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN • Distinguish the symptoms of types of eating disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Eating disorder involving persistent loss of appetite that endangers an individual’s health – stemming from psychological reasons rather than organic causes. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Eating Disorders Bulimia Eating disorder characterized be eating binges followed by “purges,” induced by vomiting or laxatives. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I • Distinguish the symptoms of types of eating disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 What are the Consequences of Labeling People? Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper treatments, but diagnoses may also become labels that depersonalize individuals and ignore the social and cultural contexts in which their problems arise. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 I CAN • Explain the consequences of labeling • Determine the significance of “insanity” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper treatments, but diagnoses may also become labels that: •Depersonalize individuals •Ignore the social and cultural contexts in which their problems arise •Create a “crutch” •Allow others to stigmatize them for their diagnosis Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Plea of Insanity Insanity A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to confirm his or her behavior to the law. .85% of defendants use an insanity plea Successful insanity pleas are very rare NGRI is so controversial, that many states have introduced the option Guilty but Mentally Ill (GBMI), so the defendant will serve time AND be treated for mental illness. This prevents a person from “getting away” with crimes even when mental illness contributed to its commission Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 John Hinckley Jr. Found not guilty" for reason of insanity in the 1982 trial for his attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Jeffrey Dahmer Dahmer was convicted of the murder of 15 young men, whose mutilated, cannibalized bodies had been found in his Milwaukee apartment. At trial, he admitted the killings, but pled not guilty by reason of insanity. His plea was rejected, and the jury found Dahmer to be legally sane at the time of the murders. He was sentenced to 15 life terms. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Dahmer conviction was hailed by many as the death of the insanity defense. If such a clearly deranged killer could not be found legally insane, it seemed unlikely that the defense would ever be successful, at least in a high profile case involving a violent crime. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 CAN I • Explain the consequences of labeling • Determine the significance of “insanity” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007