Download Personality Disorders

I Can
• Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative
Disorders
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Dissociative
Disorders
Group of pathologies involving
“fragmentation” of the
personality
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Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative
Amnesia
Dissociative fugue
Depersonalization
disorder
A psychologically
induced loss
of memory for
personal
information
Dissociative
identity disorder
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Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative
amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization
disorder
Dissociative
amnesia with the
addition of “flight”
from one’s home,
family, and job
Dissociative
identity disorder
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Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative
amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization
Disorder
Dissociative
identity disorder
Abnormality involving
the sensation of
mind and body
having separated.
The sense of having
an ‘out of body’
experience
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative
amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Depersonalization
disorder
Dissociative
Identity Disorder
Condition in which the
individual displays
multiple identities.
(formerly called Multiple
Personality Disorder)
to a person who is unable,
because of a mental
disorder or defect, to
confirm his or her
behavior to the law.
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Can I
• Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative
Disorders
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I CAN
• Distinguish the 5 major types of
schizophrenia
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Schizophrenia
Psychotic disorder
involving
distortions in
thoughts,
perceptions,
and/or emotions.
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Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual
Positive
Negative
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Features incoherent
speech,
hallucinations,
delusions, and
bizarre behavior.
Undifferentiated
Residual Type
For example… talking to
imaginary people
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Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Involves either stupor or
extreme excitement.
Two forms
Catatonic Stupor:
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual Type
Patients may remain motionless for
hours, even days, …. sometimes
holding rigid, statue like poses.
Catatonic Excitement:
Patients become agitated,
hyperactive
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Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual Type
Prominent feature:
combination of
delusions and
hallucinations. This
becomes the basis
of their real life!!
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual Type
Persons displaying a
combination of
symptoms that do not
clearly fit in one of the
other categories
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Major Types of Schizophrenia
Disorganized
Catatonic
Paranoid
Undifferentiated
Residual Type
Individuals who have
had a past episode of
schizophrenia but are
free of symptoms
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Major Types of Schizophrenia
Positive
Schizophrenia
Negative
Schizophrenia
Any form in which the
person displays
active symptoms
(e.g. delusions,
hallucinations)
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Major Types of Schizophrenia
Positive
Schizophrenia
Negative
Schizophrenia
Any form distinguished
by deficits, such as
withdrawal and
poverty of thought
processes
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Possible Causes of Schizophrenia
Evidence for the causes of schizophrenia has
been found in a variety of factors including…
A. genetics
B. abnormal brain structure
C. Biochemistry
Fundamentally it is a brain disorder…no longer
seen as a result of defective parenting or
repressed childhood trauma
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Possible Causes of Schizophrenia
Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis
The theory that says genetic factors place the
individual at risk…and environmental stress factors
transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic
disorder
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CAN I
• Distinguish the 5 major types of
shcizophrenia
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
I CAN
• Distinguish the characteristics of the
major types of personality disorders.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Personality Disorders
Conditions involving a
chronic, pervasive,
inflexible, and maladaptive
pattern of thinking,
emotion, social
relationships, or impulse
control.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
An exaggerated
sense of selfimportance.
Characterized by a
grandiose sense of selfimportance,
a preoccupation with
fantasies of success and
power,
and a need for constant
attention
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
Characterized by a
long-standing pattern
of irresponsible
behavior indicating a
lack of conscience
and a diminished
sense of
responsibility to
others.
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Borderline Personality Disorder
An unstable personality given to
impulsive behavior.
Main signs: instability, impulsivity
Unpredictable moods
Stormy interpersonal relationships
Becoming upset and abusive in response to
perceived slights
Little tolerance for frustration
Tendency for substance abuse
Suicide
Promiscuity
Binge eating, wreckless driving, selfmutilation
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CAN I
• Distinguish the characteristics of the
major types of personality disorders.
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I CAN
• Distinguish the developmental disorders
by symptoms
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Autism
A fundamental brain disorder
with genetic influences
marked by disabilities in
language, social
interaction, and the ability
to understand another
person’s state of mind.
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Asperger’s Syndrome/Disorder
A milder variant of Autistic Disorder.
It differs from other
autism spectrum
disorders by its relative
preservation of
linguistic and cognitive
development.
People with Asperger's
often display intense
interests.
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Dyslexia/ Developmental Reading Disorder
It is estimated that
dyslexia affects
between 5% and 17%
of the U.S. population.
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ADHD
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
A developmental disability involving short attention
span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in remaining
inactive for any period of time..
For these problems to be diagnosed as
ADHD, they must be out of the normal range
for the child's age and development
.
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Ritalin- Methylphenidate
Street Name / Slang Terms
Kibbles & Bits, Kiddy-Cocaine, Skippy,
Smarties, Vitamin R.
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CAN I
• Distinguish the developmental disorders
by symptoms
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I CAN
• Distinguish the symptoms of types of
eating disorders
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Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa
Eating disorder involving
persistent loss of appetite
that endangers an
individual’s health –
stemming from
psychological reasons
rather than organic causes.
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Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Eating Disorders
Bulimia
Eating disorder
characterized be
eating binges
followed by
“purges,” induced
by vomiting or
laxatives.
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CAN I
• Distinguish the symptoms of types of
eating disorders
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What are the Consequences
of Labeling People?
Ideally, accurate diagnoses
lead to proper treatments, but
diagnoses may also become
labels that depersonalize
individuals and ignore the
social and cultural contexts in
which their problems arise.
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I CAN
• Explain the consequences of labeling
• Determine the significance of “insanity”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper
treatments, but diagnoses may also become
labels that:
•Depersonalize individuals
•Ignore the social and cultural contexts in
which their problems arise
•Create a “crutch”
•Allow others to stigmatize them for their
diagnosis
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The Plea of Insanity
Insanity
A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric
one, referring to a person who is unable,
because of a mental disorder or defect, to
confirm his or her behavior to the law.
.85% of defendants use an insanity plea
Successful insanity pleas are very rare
NGRI is so controversial, that many states have introduced
the option Guilty but Mentally Ill (GBMI), so the defendant will
serve time AND be treated for mental illness.
This prevents a person from “getting away” with crimes
even when mental illness contributed to its commission
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John Hinckley Jr.
Found not guilty" for reason of insanity in the
1982 trial for his attempted assassination of
President Ronald Reagan.
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Jeffrey Dahmer
Dahmer was convicted of the murder
of 15 young men, whose mutilated,
cannibalized bodies had been
found in his Milwaukee apartment.
At trial, he admitted the killings, but
pled not guilty by reason of insanity.
His plea was rejected, and the jury
found Dahmer to be legally sane at
the time of the murders.
He was sentenced to 15 life terms.
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The Dahmer conviction
was hailed by many as
the death of the insanity
defense.
If such a clearly deranged
killer could not be found
legally insane, it seemed
unlikely that the defense
would ever be
successful, at least in a
high profile case
involving a violent crime.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
CAN I
• Explain the consequences of labeling
• Determine the significance of “insanity”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007