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bio2710 exam 1 human anatomy & physiology 2 18 february 2010 Please answer all questions on the answer sheet provided by writing in the appropriate letter In all cases, choose the selection which best serves as the answer; when in doubt, ask! 1. The “knee jerk” reflex is an example of a(n): a. stretch reflex. b. cross extensor reflex. c. stress reflex. d. extensor thrust reflex. 2. Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? a. median b. ulnar c. phrenic d. radial 3. The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the: a. hypoglossal. b. accessory. c. glossopharyngeal. d. vagus. 4. Basic reflexes: a. are autonomic only. b. are always mediated by the brain. c. are rapid, predictable, learned responses. d. may be modified by learned behavior. 5. 6. 7. Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is incorrect? a. five sacral b. six lumbar c. eight cervical d. twelve thoracic Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are: a. exteroceptors. b. proprioceptors. c. interoceptors. d. chemoreceptors. Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by: a. nociceptors. b. proprioceptors. c. photoreceptors. d. interoceptors. 8. Which receptors adapt most slowly? a. pressure receptors b. nociceptors c. touch receptors d. smell receptors 9. Nerves that carry impulses both toward and away from the CNS are: a. efferent nerves. b. motor nerves. c. afferent nerves. d. mixed nerves. 10. A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs? a. effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor b. receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector c. effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor d. receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector 11. Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? a. trigeminal b. vestibulocochlear c. accessory d. abducens 12. Which of these belongs to the peripheral nervous system? a. sensory receptors. b. the spinal cord. c. basal nuclei. d. the corpus callosum. Questions 13–15 are True/False. Answer {a} if true, {b} if false. 13. There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. 14. The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 1 of 8 15. Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. 16. The brainstem includes the a. cerebral hemispheres, midbrain, pons, and medulla b. midbrain, pons, and medulla c. diencephalon, pons, cerebellum, and medulla d. midbrain alone 17. The primary auditory cortex is located in the __________ lobe. a. prefrontal b. frontal c. temporal d. parietal 18. The spinal cord has gray matter on the __________, white matter on the __________, and a __________ motor root. a. outside | inside | dorsal b. inside | outside | ventral c. inside | outside | dorsal d. outside | inside | ventral 19. The subarachnoid space lies between which two layers of the meninges? a. arachnoid and epidura b. arachnoid and pia c. arachnoid and dura d. dura and epidura 20. The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are found in the a. pons b. medulla oblongata c. diencephalon d. midbrain 21. The fissure separating the cerebral hemispheres is the __________ fissure. a. central b. longitudinal c. Sylvian d. parieto-occipital 22. The a. b. c. outermost meninx is the dura mater arachnoid pia mater 23. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted into the ventricular system of the CNS using the a. arachnoid granulations b. choroid plexuses c. foramen of Luschka d. lateral apertures 24. The connecting channel between the third and fourth ventricles is the a. foramen of Magendie b. sinus of Valsalva c. cerebral aqueduct d. hypophyseal infundibulum 25. How many “lobes” are there to each cerebral hemisphere? a. two b. three c. four d. five 26. An individual suffered an accidental transection of the spinal cord between T11 and L1. This would result in paralysis a. only in the lower limbs b. only on the right side of the body c. of the upper and lower limbs d. only to the urinary bladder 27. Brodmann’s numbers refer to a. the number of different types of neurons b. the total count of neurons in a motor unit c. functionally distinct cortical areas d. rates of neural division in neurogenesis 28. Broca’s area a. is on the post-central gyrus b. is usually found in the right cerebral hemisphere c. serves as the site for face recognition d. is considered a motor speech area 29. The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the a. thalamus b. reticular formation c. pyramids d. limbic system bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 2 of 8 30. Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the a. spinal cord b. premotor cortex c. somatosensory area d. reticular formation 31. Which part of the brain deals with the coordination of motor function? a. cerebral hemispheres b. thalamus c. cerebellum d. reticular formation 32. Before visual and auditory signals are relayed to the cerebral cortex, they pass through the a. mesencephalon b. reticular formation c. spinal cord nuclei d. cerebellum 33. Visual input is rendered into meaningful images in the __________ lobe of the cerebrum. a. frontal b. temporal c. parietal d. occipital 34. Which of these is not a part of the circle of Willis? a. anterior cerebral a b. posterior cerebral a c. anterior communicating a d. basilar a 35. Blood supply to the brain is via the a. internal carotid aa b. vertebral aa c. both of these 36. The a. b. c. d. basal nuclei are found in the dorsal root of a spinal nerve cerebellum cerebrum paravertebral chain 37. Tracts of fibers connecting parts of one cerebral hemisphere with corresponding parts on the opposite cerebral hemisphere are called __________ tracts. a. association b. commissural c. projection 38. The mapping of the somatic sensory field to the postcentral gyrus is a. ipsilateral, up-side down, and equal b. contralateral, up-side down, and equal c. ipsilateral, right-side up, and unequal d. contralateral, up-side down, and unequal 39. Which of these functions occurs in the prefrontal areas? a. visual image formation b. speech recognition c. tactile discrimination d. controlling one’s actions in accord with moral laws 40. The a. b. c. d. parasympathetic division is also called lumbosacral craniosacral thoracolumbar thoracosacral Questions 41–45 are True/False. Answer {a} if true, {b} if false. 41. The third and fourth ventricles are separated by the septum pellucidum. 42. Projection fibers in the brain connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres. 43. Almost all sensory input to the brain is processed in the thalamus before it is [or isn’t] relayed to the cerebrum. 44. Cerebellar lesions usually do not result in paralysis. 45. Equilibrium sensory input is not restricted to the various proprioceptors, but includes visual signals as well. bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 3 of 8 46. Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called a. nociceptors. b. chemoreceptors. c. baroreceptors. d. proprioceptors. e. thermoreceptors. 47. We can distinguish between sensations that originate in different areas of the body because a. sensory neurons carry only one type of information. b. sensory neurons from each body region synapse in specific brain regions. c. incoming sensory information is first assessed by the thalamus. d. different types of sensory receptors produce different types of action potentials. e. the sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other. 48. Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in the superior portion of the left postcentral gyrus would produce a. a sensation in the leg. b. a sensation in the face. c. a muscle twitch in the leg. d. a muscle twitch in the face. e. both sensations and muscle twitches in the right leg. 49. A sensory receptor characterized as a free nerve ending, using the amino acid glutamate and the neuropeptide Substance P, would most likely be a a. chemoreceptor. b. mechanoreceptor. c. thermoreceptor. d. nociceptor. e. free receptor. 50. If a friend is talking about someone they know who lost their special senses, you would correct them when you hear them mention ________, because it is not a special sense. a. smell b. sight c. balance d. pain e. hearing 51. The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is relative to the a. size of the body area. b. distance of the body area from the brain. c. number of motor units in the area of the body. d. number of sensory receptors in the area of the body. e. size of the nerves that serve the area of the body. 52. Our perception of our environment is incomplete because of all of the following, except that a. humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus. b. receptors respond in an all-or-nothing manner. c. transduction converts a real stimulus into a neural event that must be interpreted. d. abnormal receptor function can produce sensations that have no basis in fact. e. our receptors have varying ranges of sensitivity. 53. Endorphins can inhibit impulses initiated by a. nociceptors. b. mechanoreceptors. c. thermoreceptors. d. chemoreceptors. e. proprioceptors. 54. Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following, except a. carotid bodies. b. aortic bodies. c. at the level of the larynx. d. special senses of taste and smell. e. the respiratory area of the medulla. 55. Axons of the corticospinal tract synapse at motor a. nuclei of cranial nerves. b. neurons in the anterior (ventral) horns of the spinal cord. c. neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horns of the spinal cord. d. neurons in the lateral horns of the spinal cord. e. neurons in the chain ganglia of the spinal cord. bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 4 of 8 56. A labeled line is a. a translation of complex sensory information. b. a link between a receptor and cortical neuron. c. a reduction in sensitivity. d. a stimulation that produces action potentials. e. an adjustment for sensitivity adaptation. 57. The cerebellum monitors a. visual information from the eyes. b. sensations from the inner ear as movements are under way. c. proprioceptive sensations. d. both {a} and {c} e. all of the above 58. Tactile receptors include all of the following, except a. free nerve endings. b. horizontal cells. c. Merkel’s discs. d. Meissner’s corpuscles. e. the root hair plexus. 59. A Gs a. b. c. d. e. protein is coupled to a K+-channel activates phospholipase C inhibits adenylyl cyclase directly activates adenylyl cyclase none of the above 60. An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS is called ________ neuron. a. an upper motor b. a lower motor c. a preganglionic d. a postganglionic e. a somatomotor 61. The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of: a. parasympathetic innervation. b. sympathetic stimulation. c. vagus nerve activity. d. neurosecretory substances. 62. In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system: a. has two efferent neurons. b. has two afferent neurons. c. stimulates its effector cells. d. has both afferent and efferent fibers. 63. Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the: a. sympathetic nervous system. b. cerebrum. c. parasympathetic nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. 64. A drug that might be used specifically to decrease heart rate and act as a negative inotrope in cardiac patients could be: a. anticholinesterase. b. epinephrine. c. norepinephrine. d. a beta-blocker. 65. The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the: a. parasympathetic division. b. sympathetic division. c. somatic division. d. peripheral nervous system. 66. Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the: a. medulla. b. cerebellum. c. hypothalamus. d. thalamus. 67. The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the: a. thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord. b. higher brain centers. c. sympathetic chain. d. brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord. bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 5 of 8 68. Which is not a plexus of the vagus nerve? a. cardiac b. pulmonary c. celiac d. esophageal 69. Sympathetic division stimulation causes: a. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. b. increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure. c. increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure. d. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure. 70. Parasympathetic functions include: a. a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction. b. allowing the body to cope with an external threat. c. constriction of bronchioles. d. mobilizing storage energy sources. 71. All preganglionic axons of the autonomic nervous system release: a. dopamine. b. serotonin. c. the same transmitter as the only one released by the sympathetic postganglionic axons. d. the same transmitter as the one released by parasympathetic postganglionic axons. 72. Which of these poisons irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)? a. black widow spider venom b. botulinum toxin c. curare d. organophosphates 73. The N1 nicotinic receptor a. uses acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter b. occurs only in the neuromuscular junction c. is inactivated by muscarine d. can be stimulated by atropine 74. A Gq protein a. is coupled to a K+-channel b. activates phospholipase C c. inhibits adenylyl cyclase directly d. none of the above 75. Which receptor is responsible vasodilatation in the kidney? a. M3 b. N2 c. D1 d. H2 bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 6 of 8 Name: _______________________________ Signature: ___________________________ ID Number: ___________________________ E-mail: ______________________________ 1. ______________ 26. ______________ 51. ______________ 2. ______________ 27. ______________ 52. ______________ 3. ______________ 28. ______________ 53. ______________ 4. ______________ 29. ______________ 54. ______________ 5. ______________ 30. ______________ 55. ______________ 6. ______________ 31. ______________ 56. ______________ 7. ______________ 32. ______________ 57. ______________ 8. ______________ 33. ______________ 58. ______________ 9. ______________ 34. ______________ 59. ______________ 10. ______________ 35. ______________ 60. ______________ 11. ______________ 36. ______________ 61. ______________ 12. ______________ 37. ______________ 62. ______________ 13. ______________ 38. ______________ 63. ______________ 14. ______________ 39. ______________ 64. ______________ 15. ______________ 40. ______________ 65. ______________ 16. ______________ 41. ______________ 66. ______________ 17. ______________ 42. ______________ 67. ______________ 18. ______________ 43. ______________ 68. ______________ 19. ______________ 44. ______________ 69. ______________ 20. ______________ 45. ______________ 70. ______________ 21. ______________ 46. ______________ 71. ______________ 22. ______________ 47. ______________ 72. ______________ 23. ______________ 48. ______________ 73. ______________ 24. ______________ 49. ______________ 74. ______________ 25. ______________ 50. ______________ 75. ______________ bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 7 of 8 Name: Answer Key ____________________ Signature: ___________________________ ID Number: ___________________________ E-mail: ______________________________ 1. a _____________ 26. a _____________ 51. c _____________ 2. c _____________ 27. c _____________ 52. b ____________ 3. b _____________ 28. d _____________ 53. a_____________ 4. d _____________ 29. b _____________ 54. c _____________ 5. b _____________ 30. b _____________ 55. b ____________ 6. a _____________ 31. c _____________ 56. b ____________ 7. a _____________ 32. a _____________ 57. e ____________ 8. b _____________ 33. d _____________ 58. b ____________ 9. d _____________ 34. d _____________ 59. d ____________ 10. d _____________ 35. c _____________ 60. c _____________ 11. b _____________ 36. c _____________ 61. b ____________ 12. a _____________ 37. b _____________ 62. a_____________ 13. b _____________ 38. d _____________ 63. a_____________ 14. a _____________ 39. d _____________ 64. d ____________ 15. a _____________ 40. b _____________ 65. a_____________ 16. b _____________ 41. b _____________ 66. c _____________ 17. c _____________ 42. b _____________ 67. d ____________ 18. b _____________ 43. a _____________ 68. c _____________ 19. b _____________ 44. a _____________ 69. c _____________ 20. b _____________ 45. a _____________ 70. c _____________ 21. b _____________ 46. d _____________ 71. d ____________ 22. a _____________ 47. b _____________ 72. d ____________ 23. b _____________ 48. a _____________ 73. a_____________ 24. c _____________ 49. d _____________ 74. b ____________ 25. d _____________ 50. a _____________ 75. c _____________ bio2710.exam1.cfmoxey.2010-02-18.page 8 of 8