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bio2710
exam 1
human anatomy & physiology 2
18 february 2010
Please answer all questions on the answer sheet provided by writing in the appropriate letter
In all cases, choose the selection which best serves as the answer; when in doubt, ask!
1.
The “knee jerk” reflex is an example of
a(n):
a. stretch reflex.
b. cross extensor reflex.
c. stress reflex.
d. extensor thrust reflex.
2.
Which of the following nerves does not
arise from the brachial plexus?
a. median
b. ulnar
c. phrenic
d. radial
3.
The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain
and spinal cord) is the:
a. hypoglossal.
b. accessory.
c. glossopharyngeal.
d. vagus.
4.
Basic reflexes:
a. are autonomic only.
b. are always mediated by the brain.
c. are rapid, predictable, learned
responses.
d. may be modified by learned behavior.
5.
6.
7.
Which of the following numbers of pairs of
spinal nerves is incorrect?
a. five sacral
b. six lumbar
c. eight cervical
d. twelve thoracic
Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors
are:
a. exteroceptors.
b. proprioceptors.
c. interoceptors.
d. chemoreceptors.
Potentially damaging stimuli that result in
pain are selectively detected by:
a. nociceptors.
b. proprioceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. interoceptors.
8.
Which receptors adapt most slowly?
a. pressure receptors
b. nociceptors
c. touch receptors
d. smell receptors
9.
Nerves that carry impulses both toward
and away from the CNS are:
a. efferent nerves.
b. motor nerves.
c. afferent nerves.
d. mixed nerves.
10. A simple spinal reflex goes along which of
the following reflex arcs?
a. effector, afferent neuron, integration
center, efferent neuron, receptor
b. receptor, efferent neuron, integration
center, afferent neuron, effector
c. effector, efferent neuron, integration
center, afferent neuron, receptor
d. receptor, afferent neuron, integration
center, efferent neuron, effector
11. Problems in balance may follow trauma to
which nerve?
a. trigeminal
b. vestibulocochlear
c. accessory
d. abducens
12. Which of these belongs to the peripheral
nervous system?
a. sensory receptors.
b. the spinal cord.
c. basal nuclei.
d. the corpus callosum.
Questions 13–15 are True/False. Answer
{a} if true, {b} if false.
13. There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves.
14. The only cranial nerves to extend beyond
the head and neck region are the vagus
nerves.
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15. Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause
diaphragm spasms called hiccups.
16. The brainstem includes the
a. cerebral hemispheres, midbrain,
pons, and medulla
b. midbrain, pons, and medulla
c. diencephalon, pons, cerebellum, and
medulla
d. midbrain alone
17. The primary auditory cortex is located in
the __________ lobe.
a. prefrontal
b. frontal
c. temporal
d. parietal
18. The spinal cord has gray matter on the
__________, white matter on the
__________, and a __________ motor root.
a. outside | inside | dorsal
b. inside | outside | ventral
c. inside | outside | dorsal
d. outside | inside | ventral
19. The subarachnoid space lies between
which two layers of the meninges?
a. arachnoid and epidura
b. arachnoid and pia
c. arachnoid and dura
d. dura and epidura
20. The vital centers for the control of heart
rate, respiration, and blood pressure are
found in the
a. pons
b. medulla oblongata
c. diencephalon
d. midbrain
21. The fissure separating the cerebral
hemispheres is the __________ fissure.
a. central
b. longitudinal
c. Sylvian
d. parieto-occipital
22. The
a.
b.
c.
outermost meninx is the
dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater
23. Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted into the
ventricular system of the CNS using the
a. arachnoid granulations
b. choroid plexuses
c. foramen of Luschka
d. lateral apertures
24. The connecting channel between the third
and fourth ventricles is the
a. foramen of Magendie
b. sinus of Valsalva
c. cerebral aqueduct
d. hypophyseal infundibulum
25. How many “lobes” are there to each
cerebral hemisphere?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
26. An individual suffered an accidental
transection of the spinal cord between T11
and L1. This would result in paralysis
a. only in the lower limbs
b. only on the right side of the body
c. of the upper and lower limbs
d. only to the urinary bladder
27. Brodmann’s numbers refer to
a. the number of different types of
neurons
b. the total count of neurons in a motor
unit
c. functionally distinct cortical areas
d. rates of neural division in
neurogenesis
28. Broca’s area
a. is on the post-central gyrus
b. is usually found in the right cerebral
hemisphere
c. serves as the site for face recognition
d. is considered a motor speech area
29. The brain area that regulates activities
that control the state of wakefulness or
alertness of the cerebral cortex is the
a. thalamus
b. reticular formation
c. pyramids
d. limbic system
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30. Loss of ability to perform skilled motor
activities such as piano playing, with no
paralysis or weakness in specific muscles,
might suggest damage to the
a. spinal cord
b. premotor cortex
c. somatosensory area
d. reticular formation
31. Which part of the brain deals with the
coordination of motor function?
a. cerebral hemispheres
b. thalamus
c. cerebellum
d. reticular formation
32. Before visual and auditory signals are
relayed to the cerebral cortex, they pass
through the
a. mesencephalon
b. reticular formation
c. spinal cord nuclei
d. cerebellum
33. Visual input is rendered into meaningful
images in the __________ lobe of the
cerebrum.
a. frontal
b. temporal
c. parietal
d. occipital
34. Which of these is not a part of the circle
of Willis?
a. anterior cerebral a
b. posterior cerebral a
c. anterior communicating a
d. basilar a
35. Blood supply to the brain is via the
a. internal carotid aa
b. vertebral aa
c. both of these
36. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
basal nuclei are found in the
dorsal root of a spinal nerve
cerebellum
cerebrum
paravertebral chain
37. Tracts of fibers connecting parts of one
cerebral hemisphere with corresponding
parts on the opposite cerebral hemisphere
are called __________ tracts.
a. association
b. commissural
c. projection
38. The mapping of the somatic sensory field
to the postcentral gyrus is
a. ipsilateral, up-side down, and equal
b. contralateral, up-side down, and
equal
c. ipsilateral, right-side up, and unequal
d. contralateral, up-side down, and
unequal
39. Which of these functions occurs in the
prefrontal areas?
a. visual image formation
b. speech recognition
c. tactile discrimination
d. controlling one’s actions in accord
with moral laws
40. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
parasympathetic division is also called
lumbosacral
craniosacral
thoracolumbar
thoracosacral
Questions 41–45 are True/False. Answer
{a} if true, {b} if false.
41. The third and fourth ventricles are
separated by the septum pellucidum.
42. Projection fibers in the brain connect the
right and left cerebral hemispheres.
43. Almost all sensory input to the brain is
processed in the thalamus before it is [or
isn’t] relayed to the cerebrum.
44. Cerebellar lesions usually do not result in
paralysis.
45. Equilibrium sensory input is not restricted
to the various proprioceptors, but includes
visual signals as well.
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46. Sensory receptors that monitor the
position of joints are called
a. nociceptors.
b. chemoreceptors.
c. baroreceptors.
d. proprioceptors.
e. thermoreceptors.
47. We can distinguish between sensations
that originate in different areas of the
body because
a. sensory neurons carry only one type
of information.
b. sensory neurons from each body
region synapse in specific brain
regions.
c. incoming sensory information is first
assessed by the thalamus.
d. different types of sensory receptors
produce different types of action
potentials.
e. the sensory neurons in different parts
of the body are different from each
other.
48. Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in
the superior portion of the left postcentral
gyrus would produce
a. a sensation in the leg.
b. a sensation in the face.
c. a muscle twitch in the leg.
d. a muscle twitch in the face.
e. both sensations and muscle twitches
in the right leg.
49. A sensory receptor characterized as a free
nerve ending, using the amino acid
glutamate and the neuropeptide Substance
P, would most likely be a
a. chemoreceptor.
b. mechanoreceptor.
c. thermoreceptor.
d. nociceptor.
e. free receptor.
50. If a friend is talking about someone they
know who lost their special senses, you
would correct them when you hear them
mention ________, because it is not a
special sense.
a. smell
b. sight
c. balance
d. pain
e. hearing
51. The area of the motor cortex that is
devoted to a particular region of the body
is relative to the
a. size of the body area.
b. distance of the body area from the
brain.
c. number of motor units in the area of
the body.
d. number of sensory receptors in the
area of the body.
e. size of the nerves that serve the area
of the body.
52. Our perception of our environment is
incomplete because of all of the following,
except that
a. humans do not have receptors for
every possible stimulus.
b. receptors respond in an all-or-nothing
manner.
c. transduction converts a real stimulus
into a neural event that must be
interpreted.
d. abnormal receptor function can
produce sensations that have no basis
in fact.
e. our receptors have varying ranges of
sensitivity.
53. Endorphins can inhibit impulses initiated
by
a. nociceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. thermoreceptors.
d. chemoreceptors.
e. proprioceptors.
54. Chemoreceptors are located in all of the
following, except
a. carotid bodies.
b. aortic bodies.
c. at the level of the larynx.
d. special senses of taste and smell.
e. the respiratory area of the medulla.
55. Axons of the corticospinal tract synapse at
motor
a. nuclei of cranial nerves.
b. neurons in the anterior (ventral)
horns of the spinal cord.
c. neurons in the posterior (dorsal) horns
of the spinal cord.
d. neurons in the lateral horns of the
spinal cord.
e. neurons in the chain ganglia of the
spinal cord.
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56. A labeled line is
a. a translation of complex sensory
information.
b. a link between a receptor and cortical
neuron.
c. a reduction in sensitivity.
d. a stimulation that produces action
potentials.
e. an adjustment for sensitivity
adaptation.
57. The cerebellum monitors
a. visual information from the eyes.
b. sensations from the inner ear as
movements are under way.
c. proprioceptive sensations.
d. both {a} and {c}
e. all of the above
58. Tactile receptors include all of the
following, except
a. free nerve endings.
b. horizontal cells.
c. Merkel’s discs.
d. Meissner’s corpuscles.
e. the root hair plexus.
59. A Gs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
protein
is coupled to a K+-channel
activates phospholipase C
inhibits adenylyl cyclase directly
activates adenylyl cyclase
none of the above
60. An autonomic motor neuron whose cell
body lies in the CNS is called ________
neuron.
a. an upper motor
b. a lower motor
c. a preganglionic
d. a postganglionic
e. a somatomotor
61. The secretions of the adrenal medulla act
to supplement the effects of:
a. parasympathetic innervation.
b. sympathetic stimulation.
c. vagus nerve activity.
d. neurosecretory substances.
62. In contrast to the somatic nervous system,
the autonomic nervous system:
a. has two efferent neurons.
b. has two afferent neurons.
c. stimulates its effector cells.
d. has both afferent and efferent fibers.
63. Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight”
response is the role of the:
a. sympathetic nervous system.
b. cerebrum.
c. parasympathetic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
64. A drug that might be used specifically to
decrease heart rate and act as a negative
inotrope in cardiac patients could be:
a. anticholinesterase.
b. epinephrine.
c. norepinephrine.
d. a beta-blocker.
65. The “resting and digesting” division of the
autonomic nervous system is the:
a. parasympathetic division.
b. sympathetic division.
c. somatic division.
d. peripheral nervous system.
66. Control of temperature, endocrine
activity, and thirst are functions
associated with the:
a. medulla.
b. cerebellum.
c. hypothalamus.
d. thalamus.
67. The site of origin of the preganglionic
fibers of the parasympathetic nervous
system is the:
a. thoracolumbar region of the spinal
cord.
b. higher brain centers.
c. sympathetic chain.
d. brain stem and the sacral region of
the spinal cord.
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68. Which is not a plexus of the vagus nerve?
a. cardiac
b. pulmonary
c. celiac
d. esophageal
69. Sympathetic division stimulation causes:
a. decreased blood glucose, increased GI
peristalsis, and increased heart rate
and blood pressure.
b. increased blood glucose, increased GI
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate
and blood pressure.
c. increased blood glucose, decreased GI
peristalsis, and increased heart rate
and blood pressure.
d. decreased blood glucose, increased GI
peristalsis, and decreased heart rate
and blood pressure.
70. Parasympathetic functions include:
a. a stimulation of heart rate and force
of contraction.
b. allowing the body to cope with an
external threat.
c. constriction of bronchioles.
d. mobilizing storage energy sources.
71. All preganglionic axons of the autonomic
nervous system release:
a. dopamine.
b. serotonin.
c. the same transmitter as the only one
released by the sympathetic
postganglionic axons.
d. the same transmitter as the one
released by parasympathetic
postganglionic axons.
72. Which of these poisons irreversibly inhibit
acetylcholinesterase (AChE)?
a. black widow spider venom
b. botulinum toxin
c. curare
d. organophosphates
73. The N1 nicotinic receptor
a. uses acetylcholine as the
neurotransmitter
b. occurs only in the neuromuscular
junction
c. is inactivated by muscarine
d. can be stimulated by atropine
74. A Gq protein
a. is coupled to a K+-channel
b. activates phospholipase C
c. inhibits adenylyl cyclase directly
d. none of the above
75. Which receptor is responsible
vasodilatation in the kidney?
a. M3
b. N2
c. D1
d. H2
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Name: _______________________________
Signature: ___________________________
ID Number: ___________________________
E-mail: ______________________________
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Name: Answer Key ____________________
Signature: ___________________________
ID Number: ___________________________
E-mail: ______________________________
1.
a _____________
26. a _____________
51. c _____________
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c _____________
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