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Mid-Term Review Guide Chapter 1 Word Bank Scientific Method model manipulated Responding scientific theory scientific law 1. A _________________________________ is a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature. 2. A _____________________ is a representation of an object or event. 3. A __________________________variable changes in response to a change in the manipulated variable. 4. A well tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results is know as a ______________________________ . 5. The ________________________ variable causes a change in another variable. 6. The ____________________________________ is an organized plan used for gathering, organizing, and communicating information. 7. Which unit can be used to measure volume? a. m b. m2 c. m3 8. Name the two characteristics of matter. 9. Name three types of variables in an experiment. 10. Which of the following is information you obtain through your senses? a. theory c. hypothesis b. observation 11. Which of the following is a well-tested explanation for a set of observations? a. theory c. hypothesis b. observation Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 12. Which of the following is a proposed answer to a question? a. theory c. hypothesis b. observation 13. A rectangular parking lot has a length of 1.1 x 103 meters and a width of 2.4 x 103 meters. What is the area of the parking lot? ( Write your answer in scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures. ) 14. Which of the following is the value that is expressed as 3 x 108? a. 300 c. 30,000,000 b. 300,000 d. 300,000,000 15. Which of the following SI units is used to measure mass? a. meter c. kilogram b. kelvin d. second 16. Which of the following SI units is used to measure time? a. meter c. kilogram b. kelvin d. second 17. Which of the following SI units is used to measure temperature? a. meter c. kilogram b. kelvin d. second 18. Which of the following SI units is used to measure length? a. meter c. kilogram b. kelvin d. second 19. Write the equation for converting degrees Celsius to kelvins. 20. Write the equation for calculating density. 21. Calculate the density if the mass of a solid material is measured as 15.00 grams and the volume is measured as 5.0 cm3? Round your answer to the correct number of significant figures. Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 22. How many significant figures are there in the following measurements? a. 78.9 ± 0.2 m b. 3.788 x 109 s c. 2.46 x 106 kg d. 0.0032 mm Chapter 11 Word Bank frame of reference distance relative motion vector 1. 2. resultant vector The length of the path between two points is known as __________________ . _______________________________ is the movement in relation to a frame of reference. 3. A ______________________________ is the vector sum of two or more vectors. 4. A system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another is known as a ______________________________. 5. A _____________________ is a quantity that has a direction associated with it. 6. Which of the following describes the slope of a line? a. Rise x run c. run – rise b. Run/rise d. rise/run 7. Convert 35 km/h to a speed in m/s. 8. Write the equation for calculating average speed. 9. Rearrange the following equation to solve for d. d v t Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 10. While traveling on vacation, you measure the time and distances traveled. You travel 35 kilometers in 0.4 hour, followed by 53 kilometers in 0.6 hour. What is your average speed? 11. A river flows at a velocity of 3 km/h relative to the riverbank. A boat moves upstream at a velocity of 15 km/h relative to the river. What is the velocity of the boat relative to the riverbank? a. 18 km/h downstream c. 12 km/h upstream b. 15 km/h upstream d. 12 km/h downstream 12. Which of the following does not describe a change in velocity? a. A moving object gains speed. b. A moving object changes direction. c. A moving object moves in a straight line at a constant speed. d. A moving object slows down. 13. Write the equation for calculation acceleration. 14. A ball rolls down a ramp, starting from rest. After 2 seconds, its velocity is 6 meters per second. What is the acceleration of the ball? 15. A horse on a carousel that is moving at a constant speed is accelerating because _________________________________ . 16. A skateboarder begins down a ramp at a speed of 1.0 m/s. After 3 seconds, her speed has increased to 4.0 m/s. Calculate her acceleration. a. 1.0 m/s2 c. 5.0 m/s2 2 b. 3.0 m/s d. 9.8 m/s2 Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide Chapter 12 Word Bank Air resistance Fluid friction Rolling friction gravity static friction net force terminal velocity sliding friction newton 1. The ________________________ is the overall force acting on an object after all the forces are combined. 2. _____________________________ is a friction force that acts on rolling objects, caused by the change in shape at the point of rolling contact.. 3. The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance equals the force of gravity is known as the __________________________. 4. ________________________ is a friction force that opposes the motion of an object through a fluid. 5. ____________________________ is the fluid friction acting on an object moving through the air. 6. ______________________________ is a friction force that acts on objects that are not moving. The SI unit of force, equal to the force that causes a 1-kilogram mass to accelerate at a rate of 1 meter per second squared is known as a 7. ___________________. 8. ______________________ is the attraction between any tow objects because of their masses. 9. _________________________ a friction force that opposes the motion of an object as it slides over a surface. 10. What is the difference between distance and displacement? 11. On a distance-time graph, what does the slope represent? 12. How is acceleration related to velocity? Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 13. Al backpack falls out of an open window. The backpack starts from rest and hits the ground 1.0 second later with a velocity of 9.8 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the backpack? 14. How are mass and weight different? 15. Write the equation from of Newton’s Second Law. 16. An automobile with a mass of 1,000 kg accelerates when the traffic light turns green. If the net force on the car is 4,000 newtons, what is the car’s acceleration? 17. A measure of the inertia of an object a. mass b. acceleration c. net force Net force/mass is a. mass b. acceleration c. net force Causes an object’s velocity to change a. mass b. acceleration c. net force 18. 19. 20. Write the equation used to calculate the weight of an object. 21. On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is only about one-sixth that on Earth. Thus, an object will weigh ___________________ on the moon that it weighs on Earth. 22. A construction worker pushes a wheelbarrow with a total mass of 50.0 kg. What is the acceleration of the wheelbarrow if the net force on it is 75 N? Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide Chapter 2 Word Bank pure substance homogeneous mixture malleability physical change 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. heterogeneous mixture compound reactivity conductivity element viscosity chemical change filtration A ___________________________ is a change that occurs when some properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the same. A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances is know as a _________________. A ________________________________ is a type of mixture in which the substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another. _______________________ is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing; resistance to flowing. Matter that always has exactly the same composition; an element or compound is know as a ___________________________ . A solids _________________________ is its ability to be hammered without shattering. __________________________ is the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances. An ___________________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance. A _________________________ is a change that occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances. A __________________________________ is a type of mixture in which the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another. __________________________ is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles. ______________________ is a material’s ability to allow heat or electric charges to flow. 13. What characteristic of matter can you use measure using a graduated cylinder? 14. The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube? 15. Circle the letter of the element that is a gas at room temperature. a. carbon c. mercury b. oxygen d. nitrogen Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 16. Which one of the following statements is NOT true about compounds. a. A compound always contains atleast two elements. b. The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed proportion. c. A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is formed. d. A compound can be broken down into simpler substances. 17. A liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low viscosity at the same temperature. a. True b. False 18. Circle the letter for each process that is a reversible physical change. a. wrinkling a shirt c. cutting hair b. freezing water d. peeling an orange 19. Circle the letter of each property that is a chemical property. a. hardness c. flammability b. density d. reactivity 20. Circle the letters of examples of evidence for a chemical change. a. a change in color b. a filter trapping particles c. the production of a gas d. the formation of a solid precipitate Melting and Boiling Points of Some Substances Substance Melting Point Boiling Point Hydrogen - 259.3°C - 252.9°C Nitrogen - 210.0°C - 195.8°C Water 0.0°C 100.0°C Acetic Acid (found in vinegar) 16.6°C 117.9°C Table salt 800.7°C 1465°C 21. Which substance in the table is a liquid at 105°C? 22. Which substance in the table has a melting point closest to room temperature (20°C)? 23. Which substance in the table boils at the lowest temperature? 24. Which substance has the smallest temperature range as a liquid, hydrogen or nitrogen? Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide Chapter 3 Word Bank kinetic energy vapor pressure exothermic condensation 1. 2. phase change sublimation pressure deposition vaporization endothermic evaporation ________________________ is the phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first. A description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its surroundings is known as _____________________ . 3. ________________________ is the energy an object has due to its motion. 4. ________________________ is the phase change in which a substance changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid. 5. ____________________________ is caused by the collisions of particles in a vapor with the walls of a container. A chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings is _____________________ . 6. 7. _________________________ is the process that changes a substance from a liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance’s boiling point. 8. ____________________________ is the phase change in which a gas or vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing into a liquid. A phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is known as ___________________________ . 9. 10. _______________________________ is a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. 11. Which of the following is an element? a. sand b. water 12. c. d. gold sugar Which of the following is NOT a step in a valid scientific method? a. developing a procedure to test your hypothesis. b. drawing a conclusion without any supporting evidence c. forming a testable hypothesis d. making observations Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 13. All of the following are SI units except a. meter c. pound b. kelvin d. newton 14. Density, mass, and volume are related by the equation density = mass/volume. What equation would you use to find volume if you knew the density and mass? 15. What are three common states of matter? 16. The kinetic theory of matter states that all particle of matter a. randomly arranged c. in constant motion b. constant temperature d. orderly arrangement 17. Do forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles in a gas or in a liquid? 18. A cylinder that contains air at a pressure of 100 kPa has a volume of 0.75 L. The pressure is increased to 300 kPa. The temperature does not change. Find the new volume of air. 19. In a closed container, increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the force with which particles hit the walls of the container. a. True b. False 20. Which one of the following is not a factor in the combined gas law? a. temperature c. volume b. number of particles d. pressure 21. The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower that the temperature at which it melts. a. True b. False 22. Which of the following describes the behavior of a substance during a phase change? a. neither absorbs nor releases energy b. always absorbs energy c. always releases energy d. either absorbs or releases energy Integrated Science Mid-Term Review Guide 23. When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of the molecules __________________ , and the arrangement of the molecules becomes more orderly. a. increases c. decreases b. stays the same d. none of the above 24. A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid. a. True b. False 25. A gas in a cylinder has a pressure of 235 kPa at a volume of 5.00 L. The volume is reduced to 1.25 L. The temperature does not change. Find the new pressure of the gas. Integrated Science