Download Chapter 1 - Lemon Bay High School

Mid-Term Review Guide
Chapter 1
Word Bank
Scientific Method
model
manipulated
Responding
scientific theory
scientific law
1.
A _________________________________ is a statement that summarizes a
pattern found in nature.
2.
A _____________________ is a representation of an object or event.
3.
A __________________________variable changes in response to a change in
the manipulated variable.
4.
A well tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results is
know as a ______________________________ .
5.
The ________________________ variable causes a change in another
variable.
6.
The ____________________________________ is an organized plan used
for gathering, organizing, and communicating information.
7.
Which unit can be used to measure volume?
a. m
b. m2
c. m3
8.
Name the two characteristics of matter.
9.
Name three types of variables in an experiment.
10.
Which of the following is information you obtain through your senses?
a. theory
c. hypothesis
b. observation
11.
Which of the following is a well-tested explanation for a set of observations?
a. theory
c. hypothesis
b. observation
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
12.
Which of the following is a proposed answer to a question?
a. theory
c. hypothesis
b. observation
13.
A rectangular parking lot has a length of 1.1 x 103 meters and a width of 2.4 x
103 meters. What is the area of the parking lot? ( Write your answer in
scientific notation with the correct number of significant figures. )
14.
Which of the following is the value that is expressed as 3 x 108?
a. 300
c. 30,000,000
b. 300,000
d. 300,000,000
15.
Which of the following SI units is used to measure mass?
a. meter
c. kilogram
b. kelvin
d. second
16.
Which of the following SI units is used to measure time?
a. meter
c. kilogram
b. kelvin
d. second
17.
Which of the following SI units is used to measure temperature?
a. meter
c. kilogram
b. kelvin
d. second
18.
Which of the following SI units is used to measure length?
a. meter
c. kilogram
b. kelvin
d. second
19.
Write the equation for converting degrees Celsius to kelvins.
20.
Write the equation for calculating density.
21.
Calculate the density if the mass of a solid material is measured as 15.00
grams and the volume is measured as 5.0 cm3? Round your answer to the
correct number of significant figures.
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
22.
How many significant figures are there in the following measurements?
a. 78.9 ± 0.2 m
b. 3.788 x 109 s
c. 2.46 x 106 kg
d. 0.0032 mm
Chapter 11
Word Bank
frame of reference
distance
relative motion
vector
1.
2.
resultant vector
The length of the path between two points is known as __________________
.
_______________________________ is the movement in relation to a frame
of reference.
3.
A ______________________________ is the vector sum of two or more
vectors.
4.
A system of objects that are not moving with respect to one another is known
as a ______________________________.
5.
A _____________________ is a quantity that has a direction associated with
it.
6.
Which of the following describes the slope of a line?
a. Rise x run
c. run – rise
b. Run/rise
d. rise/run
7.
Convert 35 km/h to a speed in m/s.
8.
Write the equation for calculating average speed.
9.
Rearrange the following equation to solve for d.
d
v
t
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
10.
While traveling on vacation, you measure the time and distances traveled.
You travel 35 kilometers in 0.4 hour, followed by 53 kilometers in 0.6 hour.
What is your average speed?
11.
A river flows at a velocity of 3 km/h relative to the riverbank. A boat moves
upstream at a velocity of 15 km/h relative to the river. What is the velocity of
the boat relative to the riverbank?
a. 18 km/h downstream
c. 12 km/h upstream
b. 15 km/h upstream
d. 12 km/h downstream
12.
Which of the following does not describe a change in velocity?
a. A moving object gains speed.
b. A moving object changes direction.
c. A moving object moves in a straight line at a constant speed.
d. A moving object slows down.
13.
Write the equation for calculation acceleration.
14.
A ball rolls down a ramp, starting from rest. After 2 seconds, its velocity is 6
meters per second. What is the acceleration of the ball?
15.
A horse on a carousel that is moving at a constant speed is accelerating
because _________________________________ .
16.
A skateboarder begins down a ramp at a speed of 1.0 m/s. After 3 seconds, her
speed has increased to 4.0 m/s. Calculate her acceleration.
a. 1.0 m/s2
c. 5.0 m/s2
2
b. 3.0 m/s
d. 9.8 m/s2
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
Chapter 12
Word Bank
Air resistance
Fluid friction
Rolling friction
gravity
static friction
net force
terminal velocity
sliding friction
newton
1.
The ________________________ is the overall force acting on an object after
all the forces are combined.
2.
_____________________________ is a friction force that acts on rolling
objects, caused by the change in shape at the point of rolling contact..
3.
The constant velocity of a falling object when the force of air resistance
equals the force of gravity is known as the __________________________.
4.
________________________ is a friction force that opposes the motion of an
object through a fluid.
5.
____________________________ is the fluid friction acting on an object
moving through the air.
6.
______________________________ is a friction force that acts on objects
that are not moving.
The SI unit of force, equal to the force that causes a 1-kilogram mass to
accelerate at a rate of 1 meter per second squared is known as a
7.
___________________.
8.
______________________ is the attraction between any tow objects because
of their masses.
9.
_________________________ a friction force that opposes the motion of an
object as it slides over a surface.
10.
What is the difference between distance and displacement?
11.
On a distance-time graph, what does the slope represent?
12.
How is acceleration related to velocity?
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
13.
Al backpack falls out of an open window. The backpack starts from rest and
hits the ground 1.0 second later with a velocity of 9.8 m/s. What is the average
acceleration of the backpack?
14.
How are mass and weight different?
15.
Write the equation from of Newton’s Second Law.
16.
An automobile with a mass of 1,000 kg accelerates when the traffic light turns
green. If the net force on the car is 4,000 newtons, what is the car’s
acceleration?
17.
A measure of the inertia of an object
a. mass
b. acceleration
c. net force
Net force/mass is
a. mass
b. acceleration
c. net force
Causes an object’s velocity to change
a. mass
b. acceleration
c. net force
18.
19.
20.
Write the equation used to calculate the weight of an object.
21.
On the moon, the acceleration due to gravity is only about one-sixth that on
Earth. Thus, an object will weigh ___________________ on the moon that it
weighs on Earth.
22.
A construction worker pushes a wheelbarrow with a total mass of 50.0 kg.
What is the acceleration of the wheelbarrow if the net force on it is 75 N?
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
Chapter 2
Word Bank
pure substance
homogeneous mixture
malleability
physical change
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
heterogeneous mixture
compound
reactivity
conductivity
element
viscosity
chemical change
filtration
A ___________________________ is a change that occurs when some
properties of a material change, but the substances in the material stay the
same.
A substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be
broken down into those simpler substances is know as a _________________.
A ________________________________ is a type of mixture in which the
substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one
substance in the mixture from another.
_______________________ is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing;
resistance to flowing.
Matter that always has exactly the same composition; an element or
compound is know as a ___________________________ .
A solids _________________________ is its ability to be hammered without
shattering.
__________________________ is the property that describes how readily a
substance combines chemically with other substances.
An ___________________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into
simpler substance.
A _________________________ is a change that occurs when a substance
reacts and forms one or more new substances.
A __________________________________ is a type of mixture in which the
parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
__________________________ is a process that separates materials based on
the size of their particles.
______________________ is a material’s ability to allow heat or electric
charges to flow.
13.
What characteristic of matter can you use measure using a graduated cylinder?
14.
The sides of a cube are 2 cm by 2 cm. What is the volume of the cube?
15.
Circle the letter of the element that is a gas at room temperature.
a. carbon
c. mercury
b. oxygen
d. nitrogen
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
16.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true about compounds.
a. A compound always contains atleast two elements.
b. The substances that make up a compound are always joined in a fixed
proportion.
c. A compound has the same properties as the elements from which it is
formed.
d. A compound can be broken down into simpler substances.
17.
A liquid with a high viscosity flows more slowly than a liquid with a low
viscosity at the same temperature.
a. True
b. False
18.
Circle the letter for each process that is a reversible physical change.
a. wrinkling a shirt
c. cutting hair
b. freezing water
d. peeling an orange
19.
Circle the letter of each property that is a chemical property.
a. hardness
c. flammability
b. density
d. reactivity
20.
Circle the letters of examples of evidence for a chemical change.
a. a change in color
b. a filter trapping particles
c. the production of a gas
d. the formation of a solid precipitate
Melting and Boiling Points of Some Substances
Substance
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hydrogen
- 259.3°C
- 252.9°C
Nitrogen
- 210.0°C
- 195.8°C
Water
0.0°C
100.0°C
Acetic Acid (found in vinegar)
16.6°C
117.9°C
Table salt
800.7°C
1465°C
21.
Which substance in the table is a liquid at 105°C?
22.
Which substance in the table has a melting point closest to room temperature
(20°C)?
23.
Which substance in the table boils at the lowest temperature?
24.
Which substance has the smallest temperature range as a liquid, hydrogen or
nitrogen?
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
Chapter 3
Word Bank
kinetic energy
vapor pressure
exothermic
condensation
1.
2.
phase change
sublimation
pressure
deposition
vaporization
endothermic
evaporation
________________________ is the phase change in which a substance
changes from a solid to a gas or vapor without changing to a liquid first.
A description of a change in which a system absorbs energy from its
surroundings is known as _____________________ .
3.
________________________ is the energy an object has due to its motion.
4.
________________________ is the phase change in which a substance
changes from a gas or vapor to a liquid.
5.
____________________________ is caused by the collisions of particles in a
vapor with the walls of a container.
A chemical reaction that releases energy to its surroundings is
_____________________ .
6.
7.
_________________________ is the process that changes a substance from a
liquid to a gas at temperatures below the substance’s boiling point.
8.
____________________________ is the phase change in which a gas or
vapor changes directly into a solid without first changing into a liquid.
A phase change in which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas is known
as ___________________________ .
9.
10.
_______________________________ is a reversible physical change that
occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
11.
Which of the following is an element?
a. sand
b. water
12.
c.
d.
gold
sugar
Which of the following is NOT a step in a valid scientific method?
a. developing a procedure to test your hypothesis.
b. drawing a conclusion without any supporting evidence
c. forming a testable hypothesis
d. making observations
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
13.
All of the following are SI units except
a. meter
c. pound
b. kelvin
d. newton
14.
Density, mass, and volume are related by the equation density = mass/volume.
What equation would you use to find volume if you knew the density and
mass?
15.
What are three common states of matter?
16.
The kinetic theory of matter states that all particle of matter
a. randomly arranged
c. in constant motion
b. constant temperature
d. orderly arrangement
17.
Do forces of attraction have a stronger effect on the behavior of the particles
in a gas or in a liquid?
18.
A cylinder that contains air at a pressure of 100 kPa has a volume of 0.75 L.
The pressure is increased to 300 kPa. The temperature does not change. Find
the new volume of air.
19.
In a closed container, increasing the temperature of a gas will decrease the
force with which particles hit the walls of the container.
a. True
b. False
20.
Which one of the following is not a factor in the combined gas law?
a. temperature
c. volume
b. number of particles
d. pressure
21.
The temperature at which a substance freezes is lower that the temperature at
which it melts.
a. True
b. False
22.
Which of the following describes the behavior of a substance during a phase
change?
a. neither absorbs nor releases energy
b. always absorbs energy
c. always releases energy
d. either absorbs or releases energy
Integrated Science
Mid-Term Review Guide
23.
When liquid water freezes, the average kinetic energy of the molecules
__________________ , and the arrangement of the molecules becomes more
orderly.
a. increases
c. decreases
b. stays the same
d. none of the above
24.
A gas absorbs energy as it changes into a liquid.
a. True
b. False
25.
A gas in a cylinder has a pressure of 235 kPa at a volume of 5.00 L. The
volume is reduced to 1.25 L. The temperature does not change. Find the new
pressure of the gas.
Integrated Science