Download Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin Chapter 15: Bones, Muscle, Skin

Chapter 15:
Bones, Muscle,
Skin
Name:_________________________________________________ Pd: _________
Section 1: Body Organization and Homeostasis
Vocab
1. Cell
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2. Cell Membrane
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3. Nucleus
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4. Cytoplasm
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5. Muscle Tissue
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6. Nerve Tissue
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7. Connective
Tissue
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8. Epithelial
Tissue
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9. Organ
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10. Organ System
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11. Homeostasis
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12. Stress
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Section 1: Body Organization and Homeostasis
Notes
Levels of Organization:
 Levels of organization in the human body are:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Cells:





The __________________ level of organization
The basic unit of structure and function in living things = ______________
Carry out the processes that keep organisms ________________
EX: ______________________________________________________
Cells also get rid of wastes, ________________, and ____________________
Tissues:
 The next largest level of organization
 A group of similar cells that perform the same function = _______________________
 4 types:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Muscle Tissue:
 Allows your body to _____________________
Nerve Tissue:
 Carries ____________________ between brain
and all other parts of your body
Connective Tissue:
 Provides _________________ for your body and connects all its parts
 EX: _________, _______________, _____________, _____________, and _________________
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Epithelial Tissue:
 Covers inside and outside __________________
Organs and Organ Systems:




The third largest level is the ___________________ level
Several different ___________________ that perform a similar job
The fourth largest level is ________________ _________________
Groups of ________________ that work together to perform a major function
Homeostasis:
 The body’s tendency to keep an internal balance = _______________________
 All the ____________ ______________ in your body work together to maintain homeostasis
 Body responds to changes both _______________ and ______________ the body
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Section 2: The Skeletal System
Vocab
1. Vertebra
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2. Marrow
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3. Cartilage
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4. Joint
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5. Ligament
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6. Osteoporosis
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Section 2: The Skeletal System
Notes
What the Skeletal System Does:
 5 major functions of the skeletal system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bone Strength:
 Bones are both ________________ and ______________________________
 They are strong because they contain 2 hard minerals:
o _____________________
o _____________________
 Lightweight because only about ________ of an average adult’s body weight is bone
The Structure of Bones:
 Is covered by a tough, thin ____________________
 Contains blood vessels and ____________________
 Underneath the membrane is __________________ bone
 In the middle is _______________ bone
 Spongy bone contains spaces filled with ________________
Bone Marrow:
 Bone marrow is a soft ____________________ tissue
 2 types:
o __________ marrow
 produces blood cells
o __________________ marrow
 stores fat
How Bones Form:
 Infant skeleton mostly ________________________
o Connective tissue that is more ____________________ than bone
 Over time, _______________ replaces cartilage
Joints of the Skeleton:
 __________________ - A place where two bones come together
 __________________________ joint – little or no movement
 _______________________ joint – allows body to make wide range of movements
o held together by ______________________ - connective tissue that holds bones together in
movable joints
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Section 3: The Muscular System
Vocab
1. Involuntary
Muscle
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2. Voluntary
Muscle
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3. Skeletal
Muscle
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4. Tendon
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5. Smooth
Muscle
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6. Cardiac
Muscle
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Section 3: The Muscular System
Notes
Muscle Action:
o ____________________ muscle – a muscle that is not under conscious control.
o ___________________, digesting food
o __________________ muscle – a muscle that is under conscious control.
o _________________
Types of Muscles:
1) _____________________ muscle
a) A muscle that is attached to the _________________ of the skeleton
b) _________________ connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
c) __________________ muscle
2) ____________________ muscle
a) involuntary muscle found inside many __________________
3) ____________________ muscle
a) involuntary muscle found ONLY in the _________________
Muscles at work:
o Muscle cells can only ________________________, so skeletal muscles must work in pairs
o When one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair returns to its original _______________________
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Section 4: The Skin
Vocab
1. Epidermis
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2. Melanin
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3. Dermis
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4. Pore
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5. Follicle
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6. Cancer
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7. Acne
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Section 4: The Skin
Notes
The Body’s Tough Covering:







_________________ body
Prevents loss of __________________
Protects body from _________________ and ___________________
Regulate body _________________________
Eliminates __________________
Gather information about __________________________
Produce _________________ ___
The Epidermis:
 _____________ most layer of skin
 NO ________________ or blood vessels
 Produces________________ - pigment that gives skin its
color
The Dermis:
 ___________ layer of skin
 ________________ nerves, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair,
and oil glands
 _______________ - an opening through which sweat reaches surface of the skin
 _______________ - structure in the dermis from which a strand of hair grows
Caring for Your Skin:
 ________ properly
 Drink enough _______________
o _____________ - disease in which some body cells divide
uncontrollably
 Keep skin ____________ and ________________
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