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GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1
Your Name
Mrs. Beasley
English II
24 August 2015
Grammar I.2.1 Monday 8/24/2015 ENGII
PreTask: What do you notice???
Notice the parts of speech as you read this passage.
MENTOR TEXT: “Swimming to Antarctica” by Lynne Cox.
He and all the crew were watching me intently, their faces filled
with tension and concern.
I put my head down, and something suddenly clicked.
Questions:
Answers:
1. Which nouns are concrete, and
which are abstract?
1. The concrete nouns are crew,
faces, and head. The abstract
nouns are tension and concern.
2. Which part of speech are the
words intently and suddenly,
and what words do they modify?
2. Intently (modifying watching) and
suddenly (modifying clicked)are both
adverbs.
ENG II 8/24/2015
EQ: What are parts of speech and why is it
important to learn about them?
Questions
Notes
There are 8 different parts of speech:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Interjections
Knowing the parts of speech will lead to
excellent writing.
Summary
Grammar I.2.2
EQ: Why are nouns important?
Questions
Notes
The word “noun” comes from the
Latin “nomen,” which means name.
A noun is a part of speech that
names a person, place, thing.
Summary
Grammar I.2.2
EQ: Why are nouns important?
Questions
Notes
Concrete Nouns name something
you can taste, see, touch, smell, or
hear.
Abstract Nouns name something
you can not perceive through your
5 senses.
Summary
Grammar I.2.2
EQ: Why are nouns important?
Questions
Notes
Collective Nouns name a group of people or things.
Compound Nouns are made up of two or more
words acting as a single unit and may be written as
separate words, hyphenated words, or combined
words.
Summary
Grammar I.2.2
EQ: Why are nouns important?
Questions
Notes
Common Nouns name any one of a class of people,
places, or things. These are lower cased when written.
Proper Nouns name a specific person, place, or thing.
These are capitalized when written.
Noun of Direct Address name of a specific person to
whom you are directly speaking. Always
Summary
proper.
Grammar I.2.2
POST Task: Do you got it???
Label the types of nouns in the examples
Person ,Place, or Thing?
library, Dallas, garden, city, kitchen, James River,
Uncle Mike, neighbor, girls, swimmer, Bob
chair, pencil, freedom, research, happiness
Grammar I.2.2
POST Task: Do you got it???
Label the types of nouns in the examples
Concrete or Abstract?
hope, improvement, independence
person, cannon, road, city, music
Grammar I.2.2
POST Task: Do you got it???
Label the types of nouns in the examples
Collective or Compound?
army, choir, troop, class, crew, faculty
coffee table, battlefield, self-rule
Grammar I.2.2
POST Task: Do you got it???
Label the types of nouns in the examples
Common or Proper?
dog, dad, doctor, flower, rose, woman
UGA, Alex, Dr. Flinn, Main Street
13.1 A and B
Homework Handout
Grammar I.2.3
EQ: Why are pronouns important?
Questions
Summary
Notes
A pronoun is a part of speech that stands in for
a noun.
Pronouns helps writers or speakers avoid
awkward repetition of nouns.
The Antecedent is the noun to which the
pronoun refers. It comes before the pronoun.
Grammar I.2.2
POST Task: Do you got it???
Circle the pronoun and underline the antecedent.
Goofy is here, and he is happy.
The cat ate its food.
Jarjar gave his book to Lizzy.
Grammar Notes
• Brought to you by
8/31/2015
EQ: How do I make nouns plural?
Questions
Notes
It is easy to make nouns plural.
The last letter or letters of the
word determine what you need to
do.
Summary
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
Usually, you just add “s”
EXAMPLES:
Action
Hole
Pencil
Summary
Actions
Holes
Pencils
8/31/2015
EQ:
Questions
Notes
When the word ends in ch,s, sh, x,
or z, add es.
EXAMPLES:
Summary
Birch
Fox
Klutz
Platypus
Thrush
Birches
Foxes
Klutzes
Platypuse
s
Thrushes
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
When the word ends in y, look at the
letter before the y. If it is a vowel,
add s. EXAMPLES:
Holidays
Holiday
Keys
Key
Summary
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
When the word ends in y, look at the
letter before the y. If it is a
consonant, change the y to i, and
add es. EXAMPLES:
rally
Summary
rallies
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
Words that end in o, are random.
Some take s and others, es. You
have to memorize the spelling.
Cello EXAMPLES:
Echo
Kangaroo
Tomato
Summary
Cellos
Echoes
Kangaroo
s
Tomatoes
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
If you are dealing with a family name,
or product, just add s.
EXAMPLES:
Blackberr
y
Clery
Summary
Blackberr
ys
Clerys
8/31/2015
EQ:
Questions
Notes
With compound nouns, add s to most
important word.
EXAMPLES:
Brother-inlaw
Runner-up
Summary
Brothers-in-law
Runners-up
8/31/2015
EQ:
Questions
Notes
With abbreviations, add a small s.
EXAMPLES:
CD
DVD
M.D.
Summary
CDs
DVDs
M.D.s
8/31/2015
Questions
Notes
Some nouns defy the rules
altogether.
EXAMPLES:
Summary
Tooth
Deer
Ox
Child
Mouse
Knife
Teeth
Deer
Oxen
Children
Mice
Knives
GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1
Your Name
Mrs. Beasley
English II
24 August 2015
Grammar Notes
• Brought to you by
8/31/2015
EQ:
Questions
Notes
Nouns
Pronouns and Antecedents
Making Nouns Plural
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Pronouns are bunched together
into 3 cases (categories).
Subjective Case
The doer of the action; the one who acts
She ate 30 bananas.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Objective Case
The receiver of the action; the one who
sits back and lets it all happen to her (or
him).
The judge gave her the prize.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Possessive Case
Shows ownership
Her dog threw up on my shoes.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
First Person
Tells the story from the point of view of
the person who is talking.
I often wonder what my dog is
thinking.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Second Person
Directs the text to you, the reader. It’s
usually used in nonfiction.
Try not using a pronoun for an
hour; see if you can.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Third Person
Observes the story from the outside.
The narrator can let you know what is
happening in different people’s thoughts
and can follow different characters.
Sarah hates cats; so, she was
surprised to find one in her room.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
NOTE
I is only used as a subject
Me is only used as an object
You can be used both ways.
I will go.
Give the book to me.
You threw the ball; Squig threw you.
Summary
EQ: How are pronouns categorized?
Questions
Notes
Sometimes the pronoun you is
invisible.
Smell the roses.
Catch that cat.
Summary
8/31/2015
EQ: What is the difference between action and
linking verbs?
Questions
Notes
A verb is a word or group of words
that expresses time while showing
action, a condition, or the fact that
something exists.
Summary
8/31/2015
EQ: What is the difference between action and
linking verbs?
Questions
Notes
An action verb tells what action
someone or something is
EXAMPLES:
performing.
Tara learned about summer
sports.
The TV blared.
We chose two artists from Texas.
Summary
I remember the film about the
Alamo.
8/31/2015
EQ: What is the difference between action and
linking verbs?
Questions
Notes
A linking verb is a verb that
connects its subject with a noun,
pronoun, or adjective that
identifies or describes the subject.
EXAMPLES:
The man is a famous actor.
The stage floor seems polished.
Summary
8/31/2015
EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?
Questions
Notes
The Most Common Linking Verbs:
The forms of be . . .
am
am being
can be
had been
is
is being
could be
has been
are
are being
may be
have been
was
was being
must be
could have been
were
were being
shall be
may have been
should be
might have been
will be
shall have been
would be
should have been
will have been
Summary
would have been
8/31/2015
EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs?
Questions
Notes
Other Linking Verbs:
Other Linking Verbs
Appear
Look
Sound
Become
Remain
Stay
Feel
Seem
Taste
grow
smell
Turn
EXAMPLES:
The fans sound happy.
The driver stayed alert.
Summary
GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1
Your Name
Mrs. Beasley
English II
24 August 2015
8/31/2015
EQ:
Questions
Notes
Nouns
Pronouns and Antecedents
Making Nouns Plural
The Pronoun Categories
Verbs – Action and Linking
Summary
EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart?
Questions Notes
Sometimes words can be used as
action verbs or linking verbs,
depending on the sentence.
Summary
EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart?
Answers
Practice:
Squig appears happy.
Squig appears in the crowd.
The orc tastes the soup.
The orc tastes yucky.
Aard looks nice.
Aard looks at the sky.
Summary