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HumanAnatomy Unit4 NERVOUSSYSTEM: AUTONOMICNERVOUSSYSTEM InAnatomyToday FunctionalOverviewoftheNervous System TheAutonomicNervousSystem • “Involuntary” • Functiontomodulateongoingautomaticactivities • Effectors(targettissues) – smoothmuscle – cardiacmuscle – glands • Functionalexamples: – heartrate – ventilation – digestivetractactivity ANSisaTwoNeuronSystem • Preganglionicfibers – exittheCNSandterminateontoautonomic ganglia • Postganglionicfibers – exittheautonomicgangliaandterminateontothe target MotorNeuronSystems ComponentsandSubdivisionsofthe ANS • Sympatheticdivision – Fightorflight – Preganglionic fibers emergefromT1-L2 – Postganglionicneurons emergefromsympathetic chainganglia • Parasympatheticdivision – Restandrepose – Preganglionic fibers emergefrompons, medulla,S2-S4 – Postganglionicneurons withineffector ComponentsandSubdivisionsofthe ANS OrganizationoftheSympathetic Division SympatheticDivision • Sympatheticchain – Location:eithersideofvertebralcolumn – Innervateeffectorsinbodywall,insidethoraciccavity – preganglionicfiberssynapseonpostganglionicfibers veryclosetotheCNSandfarawayfromeffector organs • Collateralganglia – Location:betweensympatheticchainandeffector • Adrenalmedulla – Sympatheticpreganglionicneuronsenteradrenal medullaandstimulatepostganglionicneurons – Cellsrespondandreleaseadrenalin(80%epinephrine, 20%norepinephrine) AnatomicalDistributionof SympatheticPostganglionicFibers CollateralGanglia • Celiacganglion – Stomach,duodenum,liver, pancreas,spleen, gallbladder • Superiormesenteric ganglion – Smallintestines,beginning oflargeintestines • Inferiormesenteric ganglion – Kidney,bladder, reproductiveorgans,large intestines AdrenalMedulla OrganizationoftheParasympathetic Division ParasympatheticDivision • Involvescranialnerves:III,VII,IXandX,S2-S4 • Innervatesvisceralorgans • Preganglionicfiberssynapseonpostganglionic fibersfarawayfromtheCNSandwithin effectororgans AnatomicalDistributionof ParasympatheticPostganglionicFibers DualInnervation LevelsofAutonomicControl
