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Overview attributes information stored in WoRMS WoRMS Data Management Team Overview presentation • World Register of Marine Species • Species attributes – what is available in WoRMS? – Environment – Fossil or recent – Feeding types – Host-parasite relationships – Functional group (benthos/plankton) – Legal status – Alien species – Special collections in WoRMS – Type notes WoRMS in a nutshell • • Started in 2007 Grew out of the European Register of Marine Species (EU FP6 MarBEF) • First authoritative, standard list of names of all marine & brackish water taxa worldwide – = expert-based, not just a names index (editor input!) – Taxa are classified in a taxonomic tree, and linked with synonyms & commonly used spelling mistakes • VLIZ as permanent host institute • • • Open acces Web-based, including web services Follows international standards & serve permanent Global Unique Identifiers (LSIDs) • Up-to-date and (near) complete, including synonyms & commonly used spelling variations Attributes: Environment • Structured information – Marine – brackish – fresh – terrestrial – To be answered by: yes – no - unknown – Environment combinations possible • Statistics – Accepted (infra)species in WoRMS: 323 741 – Accepted (infra)species with environment: 201 089 (= 62%) – Unaccepted + quarantined species in WoRMS: 176 598 – Unaccepted + quarantined species with environment: 78 074 (= 44%) Attributes: fossil range • Structured information – Recent only – fossil only – fossil and recent • Statistics – 323 741 accepted (infra)species in WoRMS – 3 492 accepted (infra)species with ‘fossil only’ flag – 171 accepted (infra)species with ‘fossil and recent’ flag – 23 490 accepted (infra)species with ‘recent only’ flag Attributes: fossil range – planned development • Addition of actual fossil range – According to International Stratigraphic Chart (version Sept 2010) – Hierarchical structure (Eon – Era – System Period – Series Epoch – Stage Age) – Add multiple stratigraphic occurrences per taxon – Linked to a source/reference – List chronologically: • First appearance date (FAD) • Last appearance date (LAD) – Searchable Attributes: feeding type • • Structured information Indication of: – Feeding type (pick list, 24 options) – Stage (pick list, 13 options) – Host – Source • Statistics: – 9 400 species with documented feeding type Attributes: host-parasite relationships • Structured information – Through feeding type => indication of parasite & host – Clear link between host & parasite • Statistics – 3 997 host species – 4 337 parasite species – 14 695 host-parasite relations (more than 1 parasite species for a host) – Majority documented for Copepoda (14 372 relations) – Other groups: • Insecta, Nematoda, Crustacea, Cestoda, Hirudinea, Mesozoa & Polychaeta • Incentive of WoRMS to further document this (cfr. WoRMS parasite portal) – Expert help required! PARASITE HOST Attributes: functional groups (benthos/plankton) • • • Document the benthic or planktonic nature of marine species Requested by European Commission in EMODnet project In development within WoRMS • Followed procedure: – Extract higher classification from ERMS (European scope) Assign attribute on higher tax. level Automatic assignment of attribute to all lower levels (=> exceptions possible) – Literature sources • Systematic revision of basic-classic invertebrate bibliography – e.g. Brusca & Brusca, 1990 & Rupert & Barnes, 1994 • More specific publications – e.g. for groups with more complex life cycles & ecology & recent research – Document functional group + life stage • Statistics – 3 105 families extracted from WoRMS (=ERMS families) – 2 241 families with indication benthos/plankton for at least adult stage – 431 families irrelevant for exercise or to be considered later (e.g. birds, mammals, fish) – 432 families currently unknown Taxonomic level # (sub)phylum 26 Class (super/sub/infra) 39 Order (super/sub/infra) 66 (super)family 26 Genus/species 299 • Encountered problems – Most descriptions respond to taxonomical necessities and just outline general ecology • “usually planktonic” • “mostly pelagic” • “some parasite species” – Existing lists or classifications are frequently based on a regional purpose and do not permit extrapolation of information beyond their purpose • “Guide to the British Marine Nemerteans”: species can be extracted, but not sure whether all species of the same genus/family/… have same ecology all over the world • “SAHFOS list of planktonic species”: cannot always derive if it concerns larva/adult species and whether higher levels (genus/family/…) have same ecology – Proposed subdivision for life stages (larva/adult) is insufficient: • Different larval stages, no larval stages but several juvenile stages, … • Example - Hydrozoa Ordo Limnomedusae Ordo Limnomedusae Ordo Limnomedusae larvae: planula larvae: polyp adult: medusae plankton benthos plankton Ordo Actinulida Ordo Actinulida Ordo Actinulida larvae: planula larvae: polyp adult: medusae plankton absent or pelagic plankton – Distinction/relation between habitat & feeding type: • Facultative parasitism: • As parasite => part of other individual that e.g. lives in planktonic environment • Free-living => benthic • Mixotrophic dinoflagellates: • Mixotrophic => related to feeding type • Can be both plankton or benthos (bio-film) – Changing phylogeny and classification can lead to errors • E.g. Phylum Heterokontophyta no longer accepted => now Ochrophyta • E.g. Ordo Kinetoplastida is now Class Kinetoplastida • … Expert input will be required! Attributes: legal status • Provided through PESI – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (stored in WoRMS, as a note) • 2 315 values – CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Flora and Fauna • 1 174 values – EU Habitat Directive • 2 244 values – EU Birds Directive • 308 values – OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats • 43 values (OSPAR regions where species is under threat and/or in decline) • Search for IUCN in development within WoRMS Attributes: alien species • Information from different sources: – Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE) – Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) & Global Register of Invasive Species (GRIS) – Molnar – Galil – Hayes – Lasram-Mouilot • Work in progress within WoRMS – Fine-tune terminologies of different lists – Work out procedure for editors to add the ‘alien’ attribute to a species and a distribution • Statistics – 2 369 alien species – 9 866 alien distribution records Attributes: special collections in WoRMS • Certain attribute information can also be stored in a WoRMS ‘context’ • Already available: – Deep-sea (WoRDDS) – IOC-UNESCO taxonomic reference list of harmful micro algae (HAB) • Work in progress: – Marine Invasive Spies Attributes: information captured in ‘notes’ • WoRMS offers option to store information in free text fields, as ‘notes’ • = unstructured information, very hard to search through • 79 different ‘note types’, of which 32 potentially contain relevant attribute information • – Breeding/breeding category/reproduction 1 757 notes – Diet/feeding/food/predators 2 186 notes – Dimensions/length/morphology/… > 12 000 notes – Environment/ecology/habitat/association/… > 20 000 notes – Stratigraphy/fossil range/extinction 665 notes – Importance/IUCN red list category 742 notes – Alien species/introduction 190 notes – Harmful effect/toxicology/toxic strains 117 notes Check relevance & option to convert to structured attribute Thank you! Any questions? Feeding type – pick lists • Feeding type – Deposit feeder • Deposit feeder: selective • Deposit feeder: non-selective • Deposit feeder: surface • Deposit feeder: sub-surface – Epigrowth feeder – Predator/omnivore – Parasite • Parasitic: endoparasitic • Parasitic: ectoparasitic – Suspension feeder • Suspension feeder: facultative – Omnivore – Predator – Scavenger – Grazer – Not feeding – Carnivore – Detritus feeder – Herbivore – Interface grazer – Filter feeder – Symbiotic: unspecified type – unknown • Stage • Egg • Juvenile • adult • Larva • Postlarva • Spat • Subadult • Zoea • Nauplius • Polyp • Medusa • Ephyra • megalopa