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Evidences of Evolution Key Evidences of Evolution Fossil evidence Morphology similarities Biochemical (molecular) similarities Comparative Embryology Bio-geographical comparison Fossil Evidence Fossils with similar structures among Mammals Most mammals (a) Canis (dog) Cetaceans and even-toed ungulates (b) Pakicetus (c) Sus (pig) (d) Odocoileus (deer) Morphology Similarities Morphology --- structures among organisms Homologous structures Show individual variations on a common anatomical theme. These are seen in organisms that are closely related. Example: Forearm structures of organisms such as --- Human, cat, bat, whale, crocodile Homologous structures Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Human Cat Whale Bat Analogous Structures Analogous structures Have very different anatomies by similar functions. These are seen in organisms that are not necessarily closely related, but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations. Examples: Bird wing Butterfly wing Vestigial Structures Vestigial structures Anatomical remnants that were important in the organism’s ancestors, but are no longer used in the same way. Examples: Appendix Wisdom teeth Little toe Tailbone Muscles for moving the ear Body hair (human) Biochemical (molecular) similarities Two closely related species are more similar in DNA than are more distantly related species ACTTGCAATCAC - Origin or Ancestor ACTTGCTATCAC - organism 1 ACT/GCTATCAC - organism 2 Molecular biology can be used to assess evolutionary kinship Comparative Embryology Pharyngeal pouches Post-anal tail Chick embryo (LM) Human embryo Bio-geographical Comparison NORTH AMERICA Sugar glider AUSTRALIA Flying squirrel “Evolving Understanding…” Work Now that you have been introduced to the 5 key evidences of evolution… Let’s continue the study… Read the p1 (top ½) , pages 2 & 3, highlighting areas to remember regarding the 5 different evidences of evolution Then answer Analysis questions (p1) #1-2 in your notebook AND copy the table (bottom of page 1) into your notebook and fill in table in your own words REFERENCE: ORCA book pp 377-421. Fossil Study Use the following to complete the Fossil study page 4 of the packet ORCA Book and Green handout Fossil samples at lab stations Fossil Microscopic Study Microscopic work (Mini-lab 14.1 – p379 ORCA bk) Use the Fossil Diatoms in containers at lab stations Microscope and Slides, coverslips and Water, dropper Draw sketch of the diatomaceous rock Compare to pictures in Orca book (p379) Answer questions p379 / handout