Download Overview attributes information stored in WoRMS

Overview attributes information
stored in WoRMS
WoRMS Data Management Team
Overview presentation
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World Register of Marine Species
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Species attributes – what is available in WoRMS?
– Environment
– Fossil or recent
– Feeding types
– Host-parasite relationships
– Functional group (benthos/plankton)
– Legal status
– Alien species
– Special collections in WoRMS
– Type notes
WoRMS in a nutshell
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Started in 2007
Grew out of the European Register of Marine Species (EU FP6 MarBEF)
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First authoritative, standard list of names of all marine & brackish water taxa worldwide
– = expert-based, not just a names index (editor input!)
– Taxa are classified in a taxonomic tree, and linked with synonyms & commonly used
spelling mistakes
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VLIZ as permanent host institute
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Open acces
Web-based, including web services
Follows international standards & serve permanent Global Unique Identifiers (LSIDs)
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Up-to-date and (near) complete, including synonyms & commonly used spelling variations
Attributes: Environment
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Structured information
– Marine – brackish – fresh – terrestrial
– To be answered by: yes – no - unknown
– Environment combinations possible
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Statistics
– Accepted (infra)species in WoRMS: 323 741
– Accepted (infra)species with environment: 201 089 (= 62%)
– Unaccepted + quarantined species in WoRMS: 176 598
– Unaccepted + quarantined species with environment: 78 074 (= 44%)
Attributes: fossil range
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Structured information
– Recent only – fossil only – fossil and recent
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Statistics
– 323 741 accepted (infra)species in WoRMS
– 3 492 accepted (infra)species with ‘fossil only’ flag
– 171 accepted (infra)species with ‘fossil and recent’ flag
– 23 490 accepted (infra)species with ‘recent only’ flag
Attributes: fossil range – planned development
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Addition of actual fossil range
– According to International Stratigraphic Chart (version Sept 2010)
– Hierarchical structure (Eon – Era – System Period – Series Epoch – Stage Age)
– Add multiple stratigraphic occurrences per taxon
– Linked to a source/reference
– List chronologically:
• First appearance date (FAD)
• Last appearance date (LAD)
– Searchable
Attributes: feeding type
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Structured information
Indication of:
– Feeding type (pick list, 24 options)
– Stage (pick list, 13 options)
– Host
– Source
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Statistics:
– 9 400 species with documented feeding type
Attributes: host-parasite relationships
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Structured information
– Through feeding type => indication of parasite & host
– Clear link between host & parasite
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Statistics
– 3 997 host species
– 4 337 parasite species
– 14 695 host-parasite relations (more than 1 parasite species for a host)
– Majority documented for Copepoda (14 372 relations)
– Other groups:
• Insecta, Nematoda, Crustacea, Cestoda, Hirudinea, Mesozoa & Polychaeta
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Incentive of WoRMS to further document this (cfr. WoRMS parasite portal)
– Expert help required!
PARASITE
HOST
Attributes: functional groups (benthos/plankton)
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Document the benthic or planktonic nature of marine species
Requested by European Commission in EMODnet project
In development within WoRMS
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Followed procedure:
– Extract higher classification from ERMS (European scope)
 Assign attribute on higher tax. level
 Automatic assignment of attribute to all lower levels (=> exceptions possible)
– Literature sources
• Systematic revision of basic-classic invertebrate bibliography
– e.g. Brusca & Brusca, 1990 & Rupert & Barnes, 1994
• More specific publications
– e.g. for groups with more complex life cycles & ecology & recent research
– Document functional group + life stage
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Statistics
– 3 105 families extracted from WoRMS (=ERMS families)
– 2 241 families with indication benthos/plankton for at least adult stage
– 431 families irrelevant for exercise or to be considered later (e.g. birds, mammals, fish)
– 432 families currently unknown
Taxonomic level
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(sub)phylum
26
Class (super/sub/infra)
39
Order (super/sub/infra)
66
(super)family
26
Genus/species
299
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Encountered problems
– Most descriptions respond to taxonomical necessities and just outline general ecology
• “usually planktonic”
• “mostly pelagic”
• “some parasite species”
– Existing lists or classifications are frequently based on a regional purpose and do not
permit extrapolation of information beyond their purpose
• “Guide to the British Marine Nemerteans”: species can be extracted, but not sure
whether all species of the same genus/family/… have same ecology all over the
world
• “SAHFOS list of planktonic species”: cannot always derive if it concerns larva/adult
species and whether higher levels (genus/family/…) have same ecology
– Proposed subdivision for life stages (larva/adult) is insufficient:
• Different larval stages, no larval stages but several juvenile stages, …
• Example - Hydrozoa
Ordo Limnomedusae
Ordo Limnomedusae
Ordo Limnomedusae
larvae: planula
larvae: polyp
adult: medusae
plankton
benthos
plankton
Ordo Actinulida
Ordo Actinulida
Ordo Actinulida
larvae: planula
larvae: polyp
adult: medusae
plankton
absent or pelagic
plankton
– Distinction/relation between habitat & feeding type:
• Facultative parasitism:
• As parasite => part of other individual that e.g. lives in planktonic environment
• Free-living => benthic
• Mixotrophic dinoflagellates:
• Mixotrophic => related to feeding type
• Can be both plankton or benthos (bio-film)
– Changing phylogeny and classification can lead to errors
• E.g. Phylum Heterokontophyta no longer accepted => now Ochrophyta
• E.g. Ordo Kinetoplastida is now Class Kinetoplastida
• …
Expert input will be required!
Attributes: legal status
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Provided through PESI
– IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (stored in WoRMS, as a note)
• 2 315 values
– CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Flora and Fauna
• 1 174 values
– EU Habitat Directive
• 2 244 values
– EU Birds Directive
• 308 values
– OSPAR List of Threatened and/or Declining Species and Habitats
• 43 values (OSPAR regions where species is under threat and/or in decline)
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Search for IUCN in development within WoRMS
Attributes: alien species
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Information from different sources:
– Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe (DAISIE)
– Global Invasive Species Database (GISD) & Global Register of Invasive Species (GRIS)
– Molnar
– Galil
– Hayes
– Lasram-Mouilot
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Work in progress within WoRMS
– Fine-tune terminologies of different lists
– Work out procedure for editors to add the ‘alien’ attribute to a species and a distribution
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Statistics
– 2 369 alien species
– 9 866 alien distribution records
Attributes: special collections in WoRMS
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Certain attribute information can also be stored in a WoRMS ‘context’
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Already available:
– Deep-sea (WoRDDS)
– IOC-UNESCO taxonomic reference list of harmful micro algae (HAB)
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Work in progress:
– Marine Invasive Spies
Attributes: information captured in ‘notes’
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WoRMS offers option to store information in free text fields, as ‘notes’
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= unstructured information, very hard to search through
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79 different ‘note types’, of which 32 potentially contain relevant attribute information
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– Breeding/breeding category/reproduction
1 757 notes
– Diet/feeding/food/predators
2 186 notes
– Dimensions/length/morphology/…
> 12 000 notes
– Environment/ecology/habitat/association/…
> 20 000 notes
– Stratigraphy/fossil range/extinction
665 notes
– Importance/IUCN red list category
742 notes
– Alien species/introduction
190 notes
– Harmful effect/toxicology/toxic strains
117 notes
Check relevance & option to convert to structured attribute
Thank you!
Any questions?
Feeding type – pick lists
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Feeding type
– Deposit feeder
• Deposit feeder: selective
• Deposit feeder: non-selective
• Deposit feeder: surface
• Deposit feeder: sub-surface
– Epigrowth feeder
– Predator/omnivore
– Parasite
• Parasitic: endoparasitic
• Parasitic: ectoparasitic
– Suspension feeder
• Suspension feeder: facultative
– Omnivore
– Predator
– Scavenger
– Grazer
– Not feeding
– Carnivore
– Detritus feeder
– Herbivore
– Interface grazer
– Filter feeder
– Symbiotic: unspecified type
– unknown
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Stage
• Egg
• Juvenile
• adult
• Larva
• Postlarva
• Spat
• Subadult
• Zoea
• Nauplius
• Polyp
• Medusa
• Ephyra
• megalopa