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Human Origins On what continent do scientists believe humans originated? Africa What type of scientists study artifacts? Archaeologists Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Age Which age lasted from about 2.5 million to 8000 BCE and is considered the “Old” Stone Age? Paleolithic Age Which age lasted from about 8000 to 3000 BCE and is considered the “New” Stone Age where the Neolithic Revolution took place? Neolithic Age – advancements included growing of crops and herding of animals River Valley Civilizations Geography Identify the four rivers the following civilizations developed along: 1. Sumer (Mesopotamia): Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 2. Egypt: Nile 3. India Indus 4. China Huang He /Yellow River Geography – Why did these civilizations develop along rivers? Water for farming/ crops Irrigation Networks Flooding – the good and bad? Transportation and communication Identify the winds that brought rain to the Indus civilizations: MONSOONS! Natural Barriers? Deserts and Mountains River Valley Civilizations – Technology Why would settling down lead to more advanced technology? (Think about food supply) Urban (City) Planning – Ex. Indus and grid/ plumbing system Use of metal tools/ weapons – bronze/ iron River Valley Civilizations – Advanced Technology Architecture – cities, temples Examples – Pyramids of Egypt and the Ziggurats of Sumer Writing Systems – for keeping records, stories, history Examples – Cuneiform (Sumer), Hieroglyphics (Egypt), China (Calligraphy) River Valley Civilizations – Belief Systems What is the term for the belief in many gods? POLYTHEISM Places of worship – temples Belief in the after life – burials, pyramids, tombs, mummification in Egypt River Valley Civilizations – Culture and Political Systems Culture – Organized Social Class System Hierarchy – 1. Rulers (Sometimes worshipped as Gods), 2. Nobles/ Priests, 3. Specialized Workers, Warriors, 4. Peasants Art – reflected beliefs Laws – created to keep order Example? Hammurabi’s Code – Eye for an eye…