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Clicker Questions What Year in School are you? • • • • • A. Freshman B. Sophomore C. Junior D. Senior E. Something else Where Do You Live? • • • • A. On campus B. in the DeKalb-Sycamore area C. in Chicago or the suburbs D. Elsewhere What Grade Do You Expect in this class? • • • • • A. A B. B C. C D. D E. F Which of these is a plant? • A. It has 4 legs, has fur, and eats dog food • B. It is green, rooted in the ground, and has leaves. 1. When did domesticated plants and agriculture first appear? • • • • • A. B. C. D. E. 4.6 billion years ago 65 million years ago 100,000 years ago 10,000 years ago 500 years ago 2. Which of these structures is found in plant cells but not animal cells? • • • • A. Nucleus B. cell membrane C. cell wall D. Cytoplasm 3. Which of these got its start by the process of endosymbiosis? • • • • • A. B. C. D. E. Life The nucleus Cell walls Chloroplast Fungi 4. Which of these plants does NOT have a vascular system? • • • • A. angiosperms B. bryophytes C. gymnosperms D. ferns 5. What is the function of phloem? • A. To conduct water and minerals up from the roots • B. to allow gas exchange in the leaves • C. to produce pollen • D. to conduct sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant • E. to nurture the seed as it develops 6. What does “diploid” mean? • • • • • A. Flowering plant B. mosses, liverworts, and hornworts C. two copies of every gene D. domesticated plant E. the geological age before the dinosaurs 7. What is an imperfect flower? • • • • • A. a flower that has 4 petals instead of 5 B. a flower that is not useful for reproduction C. a flower that can’t develop into a fruit D. a flower that is the wrong color E. a flower that has either male or female reproductive structures but not both 8. What is endosperm? • • • • • A. male reproductive cells B. female reproductive cells C. reproductive organs in ferns and horsetails D. nutritive tissue for seeds E. tubes for conducting fluids in plants 9. What kind of flowers does maize have? • A. perfect • B. imperfect, on the same plant • C. Imperfect, with the different sexes on different plants • D. maize doesn’t have flowers 10. Which cereal grain contains gluten? • • • • • A. wheat B. maize C. rice D. oats E. barley 11. Leavened bread contains: • • • • • A. yeast B. milk C. sesame seeds D. rye flour E. eggs 12. Where was rice domesticated? • • • • • A. North America B. South America C. near the Mediterranean Sea D. India E. China 13. Why is Malt used in brewing beer? • • • • • A. It adds a bitter taste that people like B. It converts sugar into ethanol C. It prevents spoilage by killing bacteria D. It converts starch into sugar E. It improves the color of the beer 14. Where were soybeans domesticated? • • • • • A. USA B. South America C. Europe D. China E. Africa 15. Legume fruits contain large amounts of protein because: • • • • A. they carry out photosynthesis B. they eat insects C. they only grow for one season D. they contain root nodules with nitrogenfixing bacteria • E. they are parasitic 16. Peanut fruits: • • • • • A. are produced only every other year B. contain no seeds C. contain no embryo D. develop underground E. peanuts don't make fruits 17. The Old World consists of these continents: • • • • • A. Europe, Asia, and Africa B. North and South America C. Europe and North America D. Africa only E. Europe and Asia 18. The storage organ of the potato is a • • • • • A. stolon B. bulb C. corm D. tuber E. taproot 19. Yams contain: • • • • • A. poisonous cyanogenic glucosides B. fungal pathogens C. large amounts of protein D. hallucinogenic drugs E. steroid hormones 20. Before Columbus, sweet potatoes were found in: • • • • • A. Africa B. Asia C. South America and Polynesia D. North America E. throughout the Old World 21. Which of these is NOT a method of vegetative propagation? • • • • • A. grafting B. tissue culture C. stem cuttings D. seeds E. stolons 22. Getting from diploid to haploid involves: • • • • • A. meiosis B. fertilization C. tissue culture D. grafting E. pollination 23. In genetics, both copies of a gene are identical in a: • • • • • A. heterozygote B. homozygote C. hemizygote D. diploid E. haploid 24. The phenotype of an organism is: • • • • • A. its genetic constitution B. how many sets of chromosomes it has C. whether it has undergone meiosis D. its physical appearance E. the type of cell it has 25. A plant species name with an ‘x’ in it, like Citrus x paradisi, is a: • • • • • A. polyploid B. cereal grain C. hybrid between two species D. domesticated species E. genetically modified organism 26. DNA ligase is an enzyme that: • • • • • A. cuts DNA at specific sites B. attaches two pieces of DNA together C. digests DNA into its components D. synthesizes new DNA molecules E. helps DNA get inside the cell during the process of transformation 27. The macromolecule that requires large amounts of nitrogen is: • • • • • A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids E. secondary metabolites 28. Polar compounds: • • • • • A. are hydrophilic and dissolve in water B. are hydrophobic and dissolve in water C. are hydrophilic and don't dissolve in water D. are hydrophobic and don't dissolve in water E. none of the above 29. Cell membranes are primarily composed of: • • • • • A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleic acids E. secondary metabolites 30. Sugar cane is native to: • • • • • A. China B. India C. the Caribbean region D. New Guinea E. Africa 31. In 1763, the French considered the sugargrowing Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique more valuable than: • • • • • A. Louisiana B. North Africa C. Canada D. Paris E. France 32. The main method involved in purifying sugar is • • • • • A. winnowing B. crystallization C. extraction with solvents D. fermentation E. distillation 33. Coffee is native to: • • • • • A. Europe B. Asia C. Africa D. North America E. South America 34. The beverage known as coffee is made from what part of the coffee plant? • • • • • A. seeds B. whole fruit C. leaves D. stems E. roots 35. The reason why tea replaced coffee as a major crop in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) is: • A. tea was more profitable • B. people stopped drinking coffee • C. climate change made it harder to grow coffee • D. the coffee crop was wiped out by a fungal pathogen • E. politicians forbade the growing of coffee 36. Tea is made from which part of the tea plant: • • • • • A. leaves B. roots C. seeds D. whole fruits E. stems 37. Cocoa butter is extracted form the raw chocolate liquor by: • • • • • A. chemical solvents B. roasting it C. allowing it to ferment D. pressing it E. boiling it in water 38. The purpose of fermenting freshly picked cacao beans is to: • A. remove poisons • B. remove bacteria, dirt, and other contaminants • C. convert sugars into alcohol • D. enhance the chocolate flavor • E. increase the caffeine content 39. Where do bast fibers come from? • • • • • A. seed coverings B. xylem C. phloem D. roots E. leaves 40. What process does the cotton gin perform? • • • • • A. planting cotton seeds B. harvesting cotton bolls C. separating seeds from the fibers D. spinning fiber into yarn E. weaving cotton cloth 41. What plant does linen come from? • • • • • A. wheat B. cotton C. flax D. sugar cane E. rose 42. Vulcanizing rubber turns it into a stable and useful product. Vulcanizing involves heating raw rubber with: • • • • • A. nitrogen B. hydrogen C. organic compounds D. sulfur E. water 43. Wood is composed of which type of plant cell: • • • • • A. xylem B. phloem C. meristems D. carpels E. stamens 44. Paper is sized to make it: • • • • • A. less absorbent B. more absorbent C. whiter D. flatter E. properly shaped 45. Knots in wood are caused by: • • • • • A. insect damage B. a fungal disease C. branches growing out of the main trunk D. grafting E. variations in growth rate during each year 46. Lignin in wood provides: • • • • • A. compressive strength B. tensile strength C. growth rings D. fibers used to make paper E. knots 47. The advantage of a charcoal fire over a wood fire is that: • • • • • A. charcoal is cheaper B. charcoal uses less oxygen to burn C. charcoal burns hotter than wood D. charcoal produces better tasting food E. charcoal is stronger than wood 48. Determinate plants (as opposed to indeterminate): • A. develop all their fruits at the same time • B. germinate their seeds at a specific temperature • C. germinate at a specific day length • D. ripen their fruits only when treated with plant hormones • E. grow in much drier climates than indeterminate 49. How does ethylene gas affect tomatoes? • • • • • A. prevents them from rotting B. prevents flowering C. encourages flowering D. prevents ripening E. encourages ripening 50. Most apple trees are grafted. Why? • • • • • A. to create genetic diversity B. to maintain genetic uniformity C. to find new varieties D. to maintain the health of the tree E. to make harvesting the apples easier • • • • • 51. Broccoli, cauliflower, turnips, and kale are all members of which plant family: A. rose B. mustard C. carrot D. citrus E. nightshade 52. Parthenocarpy is a useful phenomenon in some crop plants that: • A. causes fruit to develop without fertilization • B. causes all fruit to be set at the same time • C. causes fruit to ripen after they have been picked • D. prevents flowers from wilting • E. causes seeds to germinate 53. In traditional farming in the American Southwest, corn and beans are grown alongside: • • • • • A. melons B. squash C. bananas D. guayule E. tomatoes 54. Anecdotal evidence is: • A. evidence based on controlled experiments • B. evidence based on controlled, double-blind experiments • C. evidence based on ancient wisdom • D. evidence based on a small number of direct observations 55. The placebo effect is: • A. the patient improves when given an effective drug • B. the patient does NOT improve when given an effective drug • C. the patient improves when given a ineffective treatment that mimics the real treatment • D. The patient fails to improve when given an ineffective treatment • E. the patient dies 56. The Doctrine of Signatures says that: • A. Medical doctors must sign the prescriptions they write • B. Medicinal plants resemble the organ they heal • C. Useful medical knowledge is preserved in books written by doctors from ancient times • D. Organic chemistry produces more effective drugs than plants do • E. Movements of the plants and stars influence our health 57. The active principles in medicinal plants are usually: • • • • • A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. nucleic acids D. lipids E. secondary metabolites • • • • • 58. The painkilling compound aspirin was derived from which of these plants: A. vanilla B. wormwood C.foxglove D. willow E cinchona tree 59. Malaria is caused by: • • • • • A. polluted air B. a fungal pathogen C. bacteria D. mosquitos E. Plasmodium parasite 60. Digoxin, the active principle in foxglove, cures dropsy by: • • • • • A. causing the heart to pump harder B. increasing the blood pressure C. decreasing blood pressure D. stimulating the nervous system E. inducing vomiting 61. The rat poison warfarin works by: • • • • • A. inhibiting the central nervous system B. inducing uncontrolled diarrhea C. preventing the cells from making ATP D. disabling the kidneys E. preventing blood clotting 62. Ephedra, the source of ephedrine, is what kind of plant: • • • • • A. moss B. mustard family C. nightshade family D. gymnosperm E. deciduous tree 63. A synapse is: • • • • A. a nerve cell B. a chemical that transmits nerve impulses C. the connection between two nerve cells D. a chemical compound that produces euphoria • E. a plant native to China 64. Tobacco is native to: • • • • • A. The Americas B. China C. the Mediterranean region D. Africa E. India 65. Nicotine is produced in which part of the plant: • • • • • A. flowers B. leaves C. fruits D. stems E. roots • • • • • 66. Endorphins are compounds produced in the human body that mimic the action of: A. tobacco B. marijuana C. mescaline D. opium E. cocaine 67. Marijuana is native to: • • • • • A. Africa B. the Mediterranean region C. central Asia and China D. North America E. Australia 68. What Kind of Plant Produces Mescaline? • • • • • A. B. C. D. E. conifer Member of the nightshade family monocot cactus moss 69. Khat is native to: • • • • • A. Africa B. China C. South America D. Europe E. New Guinea 70. What is a labrusca grape? • • • • • A. grapes used for eating, not wine making B. grapes used to make red wine C. grapes used to make white wine D. grapes native to North America E. grapes native to Europe and Asia 71. White wine is made by • A. removing the grape skins before fermentation • B. using green grapes • C. bleaching the wine after fermentation • D. using labrusca grapes • E. filtering the grape juice before fermentation 72. The highest possible alcohol concentration is: • • • • • A. 10 proof B. 86 proof C. 100 proof D. 200 proof E. 1000 proof 73. Bourbon whiskey is made from: • • • • • A. corn B. wheat C. rice D. molasses E. potatoes 74. Our sense of smell recognizes which aspect of odorant molecules: • • • • • A. their size B. their overall shape C. the shape of specific parts of the molecule D. their vibrational frequency E. it’s unknown 75. Enfleurage is a way of extracting essential oils from flowers that involves: • A. soaking the flower petals in chemical solvents • B. distilling the oils • C. squeezing the flowers to express the oils • D. covering the flowers in cold fat • E. boiling the flowers in water 76. Frankincense is native to: • • • • • A. South America B. Europe C. Arabia D. Southeast Asia E. China 77. Which plant family do basil, sage, and rosemary belong to? • • • • • A. carrot B. nightshade C. rose D. mustard E. mint 78. What is the current name for the “Erythraean Sea”? • • • • • A. Mediterranean Sea B. Black Sea C. Atlantic Ocean D. Indian Ocean E. Baltic Sea 79. Cassia is most closely related to: • • • • • A. cinnamon B. carrot C. pepper D. nutmeg E. apple 80. Which two spices come from the same plant? • • • • • A. pepper and ginger B. pepper and nutmeg C. nutmeg and cloves D. nutmeg and mace E. cloves and ginger 81. Saffron is a very expensive spice because: • • • • • A. it comes from an exotic location B. it is hard to propagate C. it is a sterile triploid D. it is also used as a dye E. it must be harvested by hand 82. The French gardening style could be described as: • • • • A. Apollonian: everything ordered and neat B. Apollonian: displaying disorder and chaos C. Dionysian: everything ordered and neat D. Dionysian: displaying disorder and chaos 83. Roses have many petals because: • A. they have been treated with plant hormones • B. they are hybrids between different species • C. they are triploid • D. they are tetraploid • E. stamens have been converted into petals 84. The “broken” color pattern in tulips that was so valuable during the Dutch tulipomania episode was caused by: • • • • • A. genetic mutation B. hybridization between two species C. genetic engineering D. a virus E. unusual soil conditions 85. An epiphyte is: • A. the male reproductive organs of angiosperms • B. the male reproductive organs of gymnosperms • C. a plant that grows off the ground and not in soil • D. a plant that lives in water • E. a plant that reproduces asexually