Download The miniaturization of a positron emission tomography (PET)

GAC013 AE2 Draft: Case Study Investigation
Portable PET Scanner & New
Robotic 4D Tumor-tracking
Radiotherapy
Student’s name:
Kim Heejae
Student ID
Teacher
Elmer Kang
Due date
19 July 2012
Word count
1266
Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction ............................................................................. 1
2. Methodology ........................................................................... 1
3. Findings..................................................................................... 2
4. Discussion ................................................................................. 5
5. Conclusion ................................................................................ 6
Appendix ....................................................................................... 1
References ..................................................................................... 1
GAC013AE2
Heejae Kim Student ID
Abstract
The miniaturization of a positron emission tomography (PET) scanner is portable scanner
that you can wear. PET is an influential device for studying the molecular progressions that
happen in the brain. However, in the case of the 4D tumor-tracking robotic technique for
advance radiotherapy, it is a robotic technique which uses radiation to stop and control
cancer tissues during radiotherapy. Both of scientific advances have many advantages but the
new 4D tumor-tracking is better than PET, treatment in all aspects.
1. Introduction
This report explains to compare and contrast about two kinds of new scientific advances. The
first technological advance is the robotic technique of the miniaturization of a Positron
Emission Tomography (PET) scanner. It is a portable PET scanner that you can wear. Second
is the new 4D tumor-tracking robotic technique for radiotherapy. This device is robotic
technique gives better prevention and uses radiation for controlled to unnecessary parts and
tracks cancer during radiotherapy. When treating cancer, it is important to understand how
tumors and normal organs move. With PET, it would be efficient and comfortable to find
moving tumors. In the case of the 4D tumor-tracking device, it is useful for protected
radiation in cancer or tumors treatments. Both scientific advances are helpful but the new 4D
tumor-tracking is better than PET.
2. Methodology
According to online researches, these scientific advances have a lot of advantages in human
life and render great services to the development of human treatment. Date collection
methods used were search engines like ‘Google’ and other related scientific advances. In
accordance with the collected online researches, they provided detailed information (charts,
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graph, pictures and main database). As a result, the 4D tumor-tracking device contributes
more to human treatments.
3. Findings
The miniaturization of PET scanner is portable. . According to research, PET was developed
by US Department of Energy’s (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook
University for rats with the efficacy of being
wearable in 2011. PET is an influential device for
studying the molecular progressions that happen in
the brain. But in the case of the 4D tumor-tracking
robotic technique for radiotherapy advance, it is
robotic technique which better preventing and to use
radiation for controlled to unnecessary tissues and tracks cancers during radiotherapy. The
advances have different purposes in treatment. The PET device is a portable scanner for
finding of tumors, while robotic 4D tumor-tracking device involves radiation treatment. On
the other side, their basement principles aim for human tumors or cancers treatment.
Physicists at Jefferson's Kimmel Cancer Center (2011) developed the 4D tumor-tracking
device. Following the increase of cancer cases, the 4D tumor-tracking device has helped a lot
in human cancer treatments.
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Picture 1: Portable PET scanner shape
- This picture illustrates a comparison in size with a hand. This device is portable and
smallest purpose.
Picture 2: Robotic 4D tumor-tracking device
- This picture shows a constituting principle of the new robotic 4D tumor-tracking device. It
is composed of 3 parts: the Imagine intensifier, Linear accelerator and X-ray tube.
- The motion-gated linear accelerator system and fluoroscopic real-time tumor tracking
system.
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Figure 1: Robotic table motion
- Robotic table is motion in the tracking mode. An internal marker gives the real-time
position of the target volume and the system compensates the motion.
Figure 2: Cancer Deaths Stats Graph (1945 – 1995)
- The number of cancer deaths per year slowly increased each year. It jumped the most from
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1975 to 1980. I do not think that these data suggest that we made no progress in treating
cancer. Population increases each year, too, and with it is a greater chance that more people
will have cancer.
4. Discussion
PET is an influential device used to study the molecular progressions that happen in the brain.
Meanwhile, in the case of the 4D tumor-tracking robotic technique for radiotherapy advance,
it is robotic technique which better preventing and to use radiation for controlled to
unnecessary tissues and tracks cancers during radiotherapy.
The advances have different purpose in treatment. PET device is a portable scanner for
finding of tumors, while the robotic 4D tumor-tracking device is for radiation treatment. In
the past, we used immobile PET scanners instead of potable ones. Immobile PET scanners
didn’t have moving capabilities like portable PET scanner. Past scanner was used with
general anesthesia or other methods to immobilize the animals or human being. Also, before
the 4D tumor-tracking robotic technique, we used an irradiated method in finding and
fighting tumors. According to research, PET was developed by US Department of Energy’s
(DOE) Brookhaven National Laboratory and Stony Brook University developed this device
for rats with the efficacy of a "wearable," in 2011. And the 4D tumor-tracking robotic
technique device was developed by Medical physicists at Thomas Jefferson University and
Jefferson’s Kimmel Cancer Center in 2011. That method was attended with risks of
poisoning radiation. Past method was radiation therapy to fight tumors. Their advances have
a common ground. It is a part of science. Their parts belong to med-tech, biology and
chemistry. In addition, both scientific advances are useful in detecting tumors developing
human treatments.
On the other side, they have different aspects. The PET is efficient and convenient in finding
moving tumors. In the case of the 4D tumor-tracking device, it is useful for the protected
radiation of cancer treatments. According to Figure 2, cancers consistently increase in human
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society. Medical science demands innovative treatments. If the occurring possibility of
cancer happens more often, the rate of treating cancer will be increased. With this, the 4D
tumor-tracking device satisfies the requirements. They can use controlled radiation in some
parts and tracks cancer during radiotherapy. In comparison, the 4D tumor-tracking devices
have targeted for a more protected radiation and detailed treatment than the PET scanner..
5. Conclusion
In conclusion, both of scientific advances have many advantages. but new 4D tumor-tracking
is better than PET, treatment in all senses. They can prevent to use radiation for controlled to
unnecessary parts and tracks cancers during radiotherapy. PET scanner aimed portable
device. By comparison, the 4D tumor-tracking devices have targeted for protecting radiation
and detailed curing. So the 4D tumor-tracking devices will influence than portable PET
scanner.
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Appendix
Table 1: Number of cancer deaths, different gender (1930-2006)
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References
“Miniature 'Wearable' PET Scanner Ready for Use”. Brookhaven National Laboratory New,
BNL, 13 March 2011, Web. 19 July 2012.
David Zax. “With a "Wearable" PET Scanner, Two Realms of Brain Science Merge”.
Fastcompany. Fastcompany, 14 March 2011, Web. 19 July 2012.
New tumor-tracking technique for radiotherapy spares healthy tissue, could improve cancer treatment”. esciencenews. esciencenews, 1 February 2011, Web. 19July 2012
“New Tumor Tracking Technique For Radiotherapy Spares Healthy Tissue, Could Improve
Cancer Treatment, Jefferson Researchers Say”. Jefferson Kimmel cancer center.
jeffersonhospital, 17 February 2011, Web. 19 July 2012.
“STAY HEALTHY”. Cancer org, cacerorg . 2011, Web. 19 July 2012.
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