Download Document

Physical Science
Matter and Energy – Day 4
Materials Needed:
Writing Utensil
Folder
Notebook
*Please take the handout from the front
Day 4
• Bell work:
– How many States of Matter are there?
What are they?
• Agenda
– Notes on States of Matter
– Foldable
– PhET Simulation
Q: What is the term when a warm air
mass replaces a cold air mass?
A.
B.
C.
D.
cold front
warm front
occluded front
stationary front
SC 8.4.3.c DOK 1
Mathematics Booster
Write the following measurements in
scientific notation.
a. 450,000,000
b. 0.00000078
Greek and Latin
Greek and
Latin
sci-
Meaning
know
nota
mark, note, sign
centi-
one hundred
milli-
a thousand
thesis
put, place; a proposition
Picture
Objectives
• I will know the three states of matter.
• I will be able to describe how energy, particle
arrangement, and particle motion vary among
the different states of matter.
Bell work Answer
• How many States of Matter are there?
– We will focus on three States of Matter in this
class: SOLID, LIQUID & GAS.
– Plasma is the 4th State of Matter.
– A 5th State of Matter, the Bose-Einstein
condensate, is rare.
A: What is the term when a warm air
mass replaces a cold air mass?
A. cold front - Incorrect. Cold fronts occur when
the cold air is more dense and will remain closer
to the ground.
B. warm front – Correct. Warm front has warmer
air that pushes the cooler air forward.
C. occluded front – Incorrect. Occluded fronts
occur when a warmer air mass is caught
between two cooler air masses.
D. stationary front – Incorrect. Stationary fronts
occur when neither a cold front or a warm front
is moving.
SC 8.4.3.c DOK 1
8
Mathematics Booster
Write the following measurements
in scientific notation.
a. 450,000,000 km
4.5 x 108 km
b. 0.00000078 g
7.8 x 10-7 g
Describing the States of Matter
How can shape and volume be used to classify
materials?
Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or
gases based on whether their shapes and volumes
are definite or variable.
Describing the States of Matter
Solids
What do these four objects have in common: a pencil, a
quarter, a book, and a cafeteria tray?
They all have a recognizable shape and they all take up a
certain amount of space.
The materials in these objects are all in the solid state.
Solid is the state of matter in which materials have a
definite shape and a definite volume.
Describing the States of Matter
Solids
Samples of solid copper have
definite volume. Copper atoms
are packed close together in an
orderly arrangement.
Almost all solids have some type
of orderly arrangement of
particles at the atomic level.
Describing the States of Matter
Liquids
How good are you at estimating whether the
juice remaining in an almost-empty bottle will
fit in a glass?
The shape of the liquid
changes as you move it from
one container to the other.
Describing the States of Matter
Liquids
A liquid always has the same shape as its
container and can be poured from one
container to another.
Liquid is the state of
matter in which a material
has a definite volume but
not a definite shape.
Describing the States of Matter
Liquids
At room temperature, mercury is
a liquid. Drops of mercury on a
flat, clean surface have a round
shape. Mercury in a container
has the same shape as its
container. The mercury atoms
are close together, but their
arrangement is more random
than the arrangement of atoms
in solid copper.
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
Think of a gas.
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
•How many of you came up
with Air?
•Air is a mixture of gases.
•What are some of the other
examples?
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
Gas is the state of matter in
which a material has neither a
definite shape nor a definite
volume.
A gas takes the shape and
volume of its container.
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
The “shape” of the helium in a
balloon is the same as the shape of
the balloon itself. The volume of the
helium in a balloon is equal to the
volume of the balloon.
Describing the States of Matter
Gases
The helium atoms in a balloon
are not arranged in a regular pattern.
They are at random locations
throughout the balloon.
Describing the States of Matter
Other States of Matter
About ninety-nine percent of all the matter
in the universe exists in a state that is not
as
common on Earth as solids, liquids, and
gases.
Describing the States of Matter
At extremely high temperatures,
such as those found in stars, matter
exists as PLASMA. Plasma is an
ionized gas (a cloud of protons,
neutrons and electrons where all the
electrons have come loose from their
respective molecules and atoms)
which allows plasma the ability to
act as a whole rather than as a
bunch of atoms. On earth, plasma is
naturally occurring in
flames, lightning and the auroras.
Describing the States of Matter
At extremely low temperatures,
such as those near absolute
zero (-273 °C), groups of atoms
behave as though they are a
single particle. This fifth state of
matter is called a BOSEEINSTEIN CONDENSATE.
Kinetic Theory
The kinetic theory of matter says that all particles
of matter are in constant motion.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.
Foldable Directions
• 1) Fold the sheet in 3rds like a letter fold
Foldable Directions
2) Open it back up. Cut off one of the end pieces
and staple/tape it to the back or inside center
of your foldable.
3) Fold it in thirds again. When you finish you
should have one long piece of paper with 3
folds in it.
Foldable Directions
Front Cover
Label the front as it looks below or use the
“Foldable Directions page to help you.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Colder
TEMPERATURE
Warmer
Page 1: Open the foldable Fill it in with
the information as follows:
Definition:
(Inside Top)
Definition:
(Inside Top)
Definition:
(Inside Top)
Foldable Directions
Page 1: Inside Bottom
List 5
List 5
List 5
Examples &
Examples &
Examples &
Draw a picture Draw a picture Draw a picture
(Inside
(Inside
(Inside
Bottom)
Bottom)
Bottom)
Complete the flaps
labeled so far while
your teacher gets
the demonstration
ready.
PhET Demo
• http://phet.colorado.edu/en/sim
ulation/states-of-matter
Run
• Click on the Now!
button.
Foldable Directions
Page 2: Inside Top
Phase Changes & Phase Changes & Phase Changes &
Molecular
Molecular
Molecular
Structure
Structure
Structure
(Inside Top)
(Inside Top)
(Inside Top)
Homework
– Finish incomplete parts of foldable that were
worked on in class today (Do not go on!)
– Finish PhET Simulation
Exit Slip
• Explain what you think happens to molecules
as pressure and temperature increase or
decrease.