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Study Guide to Body Systems Unit Final Essential Question: What function/s do our bones provide? Skeletal System Function/s: _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Parts: Know: skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, carpal, phalanges, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, fibula, tibia, femur, ulna, radius, elbow, humerus, scapula, mandible Interactions: Muscular System Muscles _______________________________ They ____________________ the skeleton along. Your skeletal system is made up of ____________ _____________________ that work together. They help the ____________________ happen in a smoother manner. Circulatory System _________ inside of your bones helps produce the _______ inside of your _________. Health: Articles http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/bone-health/MY01399 http://www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/living-with-osteoporosis-7/diet-nutrition http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/bone_health.cfm General Info: GENETIC VARIATION •Some genetic diseases cause individuals to grow ____________________ and ____________________. •Other genetic diseases can cause bones to become ______________, while the _______ of the body does not have the strength of a healthy individual. Even older people who break their bones can grow new bone and ______________ that returns the bone to a usable state. Place these on the blanks: skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, carpal, phalanges, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, fibula, tibia, femur, ulna, radius, elbow, humerus, scapula, mandible Muscular System Essential Question: What are the 3 types of muscular tissue? Function/s: ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________ Parts: http://www.teachpe.com/anatomy/worksheets/bones2.pdf The Three Different Types of Muscular Tissue ________ - muscle you rarely control such as the muscle in digestive organs ________ - very specific tissue found in your heart ________________ (striated muscle) - the muscle that helps you move and that you have control over Muscle is called the ___________. It is the meat you eat from cows, sheep, and includes the muscle in your biceps. Meat needs to ________________ so that you can _________. _____________ connect your muscles to your bone at _____________. ____________ are batches of connective tissue that bind bones to each other. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments can be found ____________________ in almost all of your joints. The Six Types of Joints http://www.kbteachers.com/human-anatomy/bone-joints-printable.html Interactions: Nervous System Even though thinking is not always involved in moving, the __________ of the nervous system are connected to _________________ in your muscular system. Digestive System You have __________ muscles that line your digestive system and help ____________________________ your intestines. Circulatory System and Lymph System _________ muscle also surrounds your circulatory system and lymph system. Those muscle tissues are spread throughout your body and are even involved in ___________________________________ of your body. Health: Keys to Maintaining Healthy Muscles: Endurance and Strength To maintain endurance, you should engage in activities that pump blood to the muscles, like walking. For strength, you need to lift weights, concentrating on muscles of the back, legs, and arms. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/health/13muscles.html http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html General Info: __________________ called flexors force your ___________________. _________________ called extensors cause your ____________________. A ___________ is a flexor and the _______________triceps are extensors. Websites: http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_muscular.html http://kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/muscles.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human- biology/muscle1.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-ozRNVhGVg Integumentary System (skin) Function/s: reduces __________ _____________, contains receptors that ____________ ____ _____________, regulates __________ ______________, and protects the ________of the body from ____________. Parts: Skin has ___________ layers: The __________, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The __________, beneath the epidermis, contains tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands. The deeper __________ __________ (hypodermis) is made of fat and connective tissue. Interactions: http://www.biology4kids.com/files/systems_integument.html Immune System Your skin is one of the first defense mechanisms in your immune system. Your skin has tiny glands that secrete sweat and oil. Those glands are termed exocrine glands and are not like the glands of your endocrine system. While it may feel a bit slimy, those fluids decrease the pH on the surface of your skin and kill microorganisms. There are even enzymes in your sweat that can digest bacteria. Circulatory System The integumentary system also works closely with the circulatory system and the surface capillaries through your body. Capillaries near the surface of the skin open when your body needs to cool off and close when you need to conserve heat. We can't leave out the important sense of touch. Your nervous system depends on neurons embedded in your skin to sense the outside world. Nervous System Receptors in skin send sensory information to the brain. The autonomic nervous system regulates peripheral blood flow and sweat glands. Nerves control muscles connected to hair follicles. Health: http://health.discovery.com/videos/skin-care-tips/ Video http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/skin-care/SN00003 Article http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/acne/DS00169 Acne/Article http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/best-sunscreen/MY01350 Article General Info: The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a total area of about 20 sq ft. The skin’s color is created by special cells called melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin. Melanocytes are located in the epidermis