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Muscles- Chap. 9 I. Three types of muscles: Smooth, Cardiac, Skeletal- know what distinguishes these II. Function of skeletal muscles-know these III. Muscle move bone by contracting and moving bones A. Origin- stationary bone, and insertion- movable bone B. Muscles often work in opposing pairs moving the same bones IV. Myofibrils- filaments in sarcomere A. Thick filament- myosin protein B. Thin filament- actin protein, also troponin and tropomyosin V. Sliding of filament- understand how sarcomeres contract A . Ca2+ - binds troponin , shifts tropomyosin and exposes myosin binding sites B. Myosin pulls actin filaments when muscle contracts- requires ATP VI. Types of contractions Nervous System- Chapter 10 I. Neuron- structure: cell body, dendrites, axon, synapse A. Myelin sheath- lipid rich Schwann cell, insulation B. Afferent vs. efferent II. Organization of nervous system A. Central nervous system (CNS) - brain and spinal cord B. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - outside CNS C. Lobes of the brain and functions III. Synapse- what happens to change an electrical signal to chemical and back Nervous system II- Chapter 11 I. Function and location of CSF II. Understand a reflex arc- structures, neural pathway III. Divisions of nervous system 1. Somatic or voluntary- Skeletal muscle 2. Autonomic (involuntary) - smooth and cardiac muscle, glands a. Parasympathetic branch- homeostasis, at rest b. Sympathetic branch- “fight or flight” Nervous system III- Chapter 12 I. Sensory receptors-nerve impulse to brain, brain interprets A. Sensation vs perception B. Sensory adaptation II. General receptors: exteroreceptive, visceoreceptive, proprioreceptive III. Sense of painIV. Special Senses A. Olfaction- cells in nasal cavity w/specific proteins receptors that bind odorant B. Taste- Taste buds on tongue with cells that bind or respond to 5 different molecules C. Hearing- ear – also site of equilibrium and balance D. Sight- photoreceptors in the retina of the eye react to light 1. Understand how light is transduced into an electrical signal that is sent to the brain Endocrine system- Chapter 13 I. Hormones produced from endocrine glands II. Hormones- steroid (lipid) hormone and protein hormone- Specific receptors that bind hormone on target cells III. Understand how a hormone is produced, acts on its target, and how its action terminates IV. Understand how negative feedback stops hormone production V. Hypothalamus and pituitary A. anterior lobe - functions B. posterior lobe- functions VI. Pancreas- regulate blood glucose levels-insulin A. Insulin- increases uptake of glucose from blood into other cell B. Diabetes- inability to take up glucose from the blood 1. Type 1 vs 2 VII. Differences between nervous and endocrine system