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PLEASANT VALLEY SCHOOL DISTRICT
PLANNED COURSE CURRICULUM GUIDE
PROBABILITY & STATISTICS
GRADES 11&12
I.
COURSE DESCRIPTION AND INTENT:
Probability & Statistics poses a challenge to the analytic mind. Such topics as
the fundamentals of counting, conditional probability and elementary statistics are
studied. Students are exposed to the sampling process, and examine current polls
to determine the validity of the conclusions. Probability models are used to
simulate real life situations.
II.
INSTRUCTIONAL TIME:
Class Periods: 6 per 6-day cycle
Length of Class Periods (minutes): 56
Length of Course: 90 days
Unit of Credit: .5
Updated: June 2014
COURSE: Probability and Statistics
STRAND: 2.4.B Part I - Measurement, Data,
and Probability
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GRADE(S): 11-12
TIME FRAME: One Semester
PA CORE STANDARDS
CC.2.4.HS.B.6 – Use the concepts of independence and conditional probability to
interpret data.
CC.2.4.HS.B.7 – Apply the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound
events in a uniform probability model.
ASSESSMENT ANCHORS
RESOURCES
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Statistics and Probability in modern life by Newmark.
Resource packet from book
Teacher designed materials
Manipulatives dealing with games of chance (dice, cards, etc.)
Videos
OBJECTIVES
The learner will identify and apply the basic concepts of elementary probability and
illustrate the ideas of conditional probability.
ESSENTIAL CONTENT
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Describe a suitable sample space for an experiment.
Interpret probability and long-run relative frequency.
Assign probabilities to events of an experiment.
Calculate the probability of the union and/or intersection of events.
Differentiate between experiments with replacement and without replacement.
Assign probabilities to complementary events.
Conduct experiments with several repeated independent trials.
Define and find the probability of mutually exclusive events.
Apply the addition rule and the multiplication rule to find probability.
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Find the probability of independent and dependent (conditional) events.
Simulate random events.
Simulate probability using random digits.
Identify discrete random variables and their probability distributions, including
binomial and geometric.
Find the mean (expected value) and standard deviation of random variables.
Apply Bayes Theorem to calculate the probability of experiments having several
steps.
Use the fundamental principles of counting to compute the number of combinations
and/or permutations of the elements of a given set of data.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
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Conduct coin tossing experiments with one or more coins.
Conduct experiments involving one or more die (dice) to verify A Priori Probability.
Utilize available software and the internet.
SAT problems
Use the TI-84 Plus calculator either as a demonstration tool or as a hands-on student
activity.
ASSESSMENTS
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Teacher designed tests and quizzes
Worksheets designed to demonstrate knowledge of the concepts taught.
Portfolio assessment.
Homework assessment.
Cooperative groups assessment.
CORRECTIVES/EXTENSIONS
Correctives:
 Group work to reteach concepts.
 Utilize text generated practice and review problems
 Practice quizzes and tests
 Use TI-84 Plus calculator to reinforce concepts initially taught.
Extensions:
 Student generated projects (surveys, questionnaires).
 Student generated worksheets.
 Pair quizzes.
COURSE: AP Statistics
STRAND: 2.4.B Part II - Measurement,
Data, and Probability
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GRADE(S): 11-12
TIME FRAME: One Semester
PA CORE STANDARDS
CC.2.4.HS.B.1 – Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or
measurement variable.
CC.2.4.HS.B.2 – Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and
quantitative variables.
CC.2.4.HS.B.3 – Analyze linear models and make interpretations based on the data.
CC.2.4.HS.B.4 – Recognize and evaluate random processes underlying statistical
experiments.
CC.2.4.HS.B.5– Make inferences and justify conclusions based on sample surveys,
experiments, and observational studies.
ASSESSMENT ANCHORS
RESOURCES
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Statistics and Probability in modern life by Newmark.
Resource packet from book
Teacher designed materials
Manipulatives dealing with games of chance (dice, cards, etc.)
Videos
OBJECTIVES
The learner will gather and interpret data in order to explore and evaluate the use and
misuse of statistics in everyday life.
ESSENTIAL CONTENT
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Construct and interpret graphical displays of distributions of univariate data (box
plots, stem and leaf plots, dot plots).
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Construct a frequency table for a given set of data and grouped data.
Find the mode of a given set of data.
Find the range, the lower and upper quartiles (interquartile range), the median, the
outliers, and the percentile of a set of data.
Calculate the mean set of data.
Read and interpret the graph of a standard normal curve for a standard normal
distribution.
Use the standard normal tables and calculator functions to assist calculation of
specific probabilities.
Perform and interpret binomial experiments.
Use the binomial tables to prepare a binomial distribution.
Interpret and apply the 68-95-99.7 Rule for the Normal Distribution.
Apply Chebyshev’s Theorem on the disbursement of data about the mean in a normal
distribution;
Identify methods used in collecting samples (census, surveys, experiments,
observational studies).
Identify different types of sampling methods.
Identify sources of bias in sampling and in surveys, including blinding and the
placebo effect.
Identify the characteristics of a well-designed experiment and well-conducted survey.
Find the correlation and linearity of bivariate data.
Find and interpret the Least-Squares Regression Equation.
Use sampling methods to obtain data, and compare the mean and standard deviation
of the samples with the mean and standard deviation of the population.
Estimate population means on the basis of large and small samples;
Conduct hypothesis tests concerning means for large and small samples.
Find linear correlation and regression of given data.
Generalize the results and conclusions from observational studies, experiments and
surveys.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES
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Construct Histograms, cumulative graphs and polygons to assist in the interpretation
of data.
Use the overhead projector as a tool to facilitate demonstration of a frequency table.
Use appropriate available computer software to generate sets of data and assist in data
analysis;
Research a newspaper such as USA Today and find graphs and statistical quotes that
correctly or incorrectly represent data.
Use the graphing calculator to correlate a set of data, produce a histogram or a scatter
plot and calculate the parameters of a linear regression.
Inner/Outer circle
Jigsaw
ASSESSMENTS
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Teacher designed tests and quizzes.
Worksheets designed to demonstrate knowledge of the concepts taught.
Portfolio assessment.
Homework assessment.
Research articles involving statistics and write about the contents of the article, and
interpret the validity of the information.
Cooperative group assessment.
CORRECTIVES/EXTENSIONS
Correctives:
 Group work to reteach concepts.
 Utilize text generated practice and review problems
 Practice quizzes and tests
 Use TI-84 Plus calculator to reinforce concepts initially taught.
Extensions:
 Student generated worksheets.
 Students will relate “real world” situations to concepts taught.
 Analyze count data using the chi-square distribution.