Download Organ systems

Intro to Human Systems
Terms, Cavities and
Organization
Unit Objectives:
Students will identify the
major human systems and a
general location and function
of each.
Students will describe
anatomical directional
terms
Students will describe how cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems are related to the organization of the
body
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Intro to Body Systems
Integumentary System:
Organs:
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands,
sebaceous glands
Function:
Regulates body temperature
Skeletal System:
Organs:
Bones, ligaments, cartilage
Function: Provide framework, produce blood cells
Muscular System:
Organs:
Function:
muscles
Body movement, source of heat
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Nervous System:
Organs:
Function:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves,
Transmits impulses to/from brain and
body
Circulatory System:
Organs:
Function:
Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
Gas exchange between lungs and
body cells
Respiratory System:
Organs:
Function:
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,
lungs
Exchange gas between blood and air
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Digestive System:
Organs:
Function:
mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands,
esphagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder,
pancreas, small/large intestine
Break down food into energy for cells
Urinary
(Excretory)
System:
Organs:
Function:
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
Remove waste, maintain water and electrolyte
balance
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Reproductive System:
Organs:
Males:
Scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens,
prostate, penis
Function:
Female:
Make and transport sperm, make hormones
Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Make egg cells, develop fetus,
hormones
Function:
Cavities:
1. Dorsal:
Posterior side (back) of body
*Spinal:
Contains spinal cord and vertebrae
*Cranial: Contains brain
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Check
Quiz-Quiz-Trade – help me set this up for
next year.
SUHUPU Style!!!
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Questions!
1. Which of these is an organ of the
respiratory system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lung
Ligaments
Arteries
Sebaceous glands
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2. Which of these is an organ of the digestive
system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ligaments
Kidneys
Gallbladder
Sebaceous glands
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3. Which of these systems exchanges gases
in the blood?
a. Skeletal system
b. Integumentary system
c. Respiratory system
d. Circulatory system
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5. Which of these is a structure of the urinary
(excretory) system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sebaceous gland
Esophagus
Fallopian tubes
ureters
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2. Ventral:
Anterior side (front) of body
1. Thoracic:
2. Abdominal:
3. Pelvic:
Cavity above diaphragm
Cavity between diaphragm and pelvis
Cavity below abdominal
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Anatomical Directional Terms
1. Anterior:
3. Superior:
5. Lateral:
Front
Top
Side
7. Proximal Close to trunk,
arms/legs only
2. Posterior:
Back
4. Inferior:
Bottom
6. Medial:
8. Distal
middle
Further away,
arms/legs only
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Check
We’ll practice as a class on the model…
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Anatomical
Terms
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Questions!
1. Which of these terms means “above?”
a.
b.
c.
d.
Inferior
Superior
Medial
Lateral
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2. Which of these structures is proximal to
the elbow?
a. Wrist
b. Knee
c. Head
d. shoulder
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3. If a person is lying face-down on a bed,
what is the name of the surface that is
touching the bed?
a. Dorsal
b. Ventral
c. Medial
d. Inferior
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4. Which of these structures is lateral to the
spinal cord?
a. Head
b. Feet
c. Hand
d. Knee
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5. Which of these terms would describe
where the wrist is in comparison to the
elbow?
a. Superior
b. Lateral
c. Distal
d. Proximal
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•
The many kinds of cells in your body help your internal environment
stay stable.
• The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing
environment is called homeostasis.
* maintaining water, nutrients, oxygen, heat, and pressure
Fig. 1.3
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A thermostat signals an air conditioner and a furnace to turn on
or off to maintain a relatively stable room temperature
Fig. 1.4
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Questions!
1. Which of these systems works on a
negative feedback loop, similar to human
homeostasis?
a. Car engine
b. Vacuum cleaner
c. Air conditioner
d. oven
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2. Which of these terms describes the
balance of factors in the body?
a. Homeopathy
b. Ideopathy
c. Homeostasis
d. Metastasis
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3. In a negative feedback loop, which of the
following must occur first?
a. The brain signals an effector organ to
make a change
b. An effector organ reacts to nervous input
to make a change
c. The brain measures a factor out of balance
d. The change in internal conditions signals
the brain to turn the effector organ off
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Check for understanding, extended:
Put these in feedback-loop order:
a. The brain signals an effector organ to
make a change
b. An effector organ reacts to nervous input
to make a change
c. The brain measures a factor out of balance
d. The change in internal conditions signals
the brain to turn the effector organ off
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Cells:
Basic unit of life and structure
All cells are made of organelles which each work to
perform a specific job for the cell
Cells of animals and plants have three basic structures:
1. Cell membrane- outer covering
2. Nucleus- control center
3. Cytoplasm- area between nucleus and cell membrane
containing fluid and organelles
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*Cells form tissues
•Tissue: A group of similar cells working together to perform a
function.
The body has 4 main tissues:
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Epithelial Tissue
General Characteristics:
1. Variety of shapes
2.
Found above or on surface
of underlying cells/tissue
Functions:
1.
Lining body cavities (holes in body)
and surfaces
2. Protection
3. Forms glands (secrete substances)
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Connective Tissue
General Characteristics:
1. Cells surrounded by a solid, soft or liquid matrix
2. Found underneath epithelial tissue
Functions:
1. Support and bind structures together
2. Fill space between organs
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Muscular Tissue
General Characteristics:
1. Longer cells with single or multiple nuclei
2. 3 types of muscle tissue: cardiac, smooth, and skeletal.
3. Found in the heart (cardiac), along bones (skeletal),
and organs (smooth)
Functions:
1. Contraction
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Nervous Tissue
General Characteristics:
1. Cells of vary shape and size with a single nucleus
2. Found within brain and spinal cord
Functions:
1. Transmit impulses through electrical signals
between the body and brain
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• Two or more tissues working together to carry out a specialized
function form an organ.
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Working Together
Chapter D1
Organ system: organs work together to become an organ
system
• Organ systems work together to perform a larger function.
All organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis
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Levels of Organization
–The levels of organization in a multicellular organism are:
1. Individual cell
2. Tissues-many similar cells together to perform a function
3. Organs-many similar tissues together to perform a function
4. Organ systems-similar organs together to perform a
function
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Levels of Organization in the Body
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Check
Memorize the mnemonic…
On your paper, an example of an organ
There are 11 human organ systems. See if
you can name them all!
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Questions!
1. Which of these shows the hierarchy of
structures in the body in order from
smallest to largest?
a. cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems
b. tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> cells
c. cells -> organ systems -> organs -> tissues
d. cells -> organs -> tissues -> organ systems
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2. A heart is made of nervous, muscle,
epithelial, and connective tissue. What is
the heart?
a. Tissue
b. Cell
c. Organ
d. Organ system
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3. Which of these correctly shows a term
paired with a correct example?
a. nervous – tissue
b. epithelium – cell
c. circulatory – organ
d. brain - organ system
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4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Which of these is a type of tissue?
Muscle
Heart
Artery
Vein
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