Download D. D - Circle of Docs

PHYSIOLOGY
1.
Creatinine is thought to function as
A.
B.
C.
D.
2.
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
pinocytosis
facilitation
A synpatic phenomenon of learning is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
contractability
excitability
secretion
excretion
digestion
Water is not usually involved in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4.
a store of muscle energy
useable muscle energy
a catalyst of muscle energy
a waste product of muscle energy
The fundamental property of any cell that
makes adaptation possible is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
summation
association
facilitation
inhibition
accommodation
The most common cause of clinical acidosis
A.
B.
C.
D.
7.
Which of the following do not promote
constriction
A.
B.
C.
D.
calcium ions
angiotensin
norepinephrine
histamine
10. The hyperglycemic factor made by the
pancreas is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
insulin
lipase
glucagon
FSH
cathepsin
11. A person feels faint and dizzy upon
getting up. The physical law effect is
A.
B.
C.
D.
Pascal’s
Piuessikke-Hagen’s
Bernouli’s
LaPlace’s
E. Roughage provides which of the
following
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
vitamins
carbohydrates
muscle builders
peristalsis
quick energy
F.
Emotional sweating does not occur
in which of the following
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
palms
forehead
axillary region
soles
trunk
The arterial pressure increases when
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
increase in sodium bicarbonate
decrease in sodium bicarbonate
hyperventilation
increase in ammonia
9.
cerebral cortex
basal ganglia
hypothalamus
medulla
spinal cord
the motor cortex is inhibited
hypothalamus alarm occurs
mass reaction effect begins
vaso motor inhibition
vaso motor increase
Autonomic activities are mediated by
various functional levels of the CNS.
The integration and organization of
these reflexes; however, are primarily
located in
G. Which of the following regimes
would yield the lowest specific
gravity of urine in the first 120
minutes, after completely voiding
all urine at the beginning of the
regime
1
A. five minutes of strenuous exercise
and no water intake
B. 1000 ml of distilled water
C. 9 grams of sodium chloride in 100
ml of distilled water
D. 9 grams of sodium chloride in 1000
ml of distilled water
H. The thin filament used in controlled
protein process is
M. An Rh problem is most likely to
develop under which of the
following circumstances
A. mother negative, father positive,
baby negative
B. mother positive, father positive,
baby positive
C. mother negative, father positive,
baby positive
D. mother positive, father negative,
baby positive
A.
B.
C.
D.
actin
myosin
actomyosin
norepitrophin
N. If you extend a muscle prior to
muscle contraction, what will occur
I.
The stroke volume of the normal
individual at the resting state is
A.
B.
C.
D.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5 liters
500 ml
10 liters
70 liters
100 ml
J.
Oxytoxin is a product of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ovary
testes
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
thyroid
K. In muscle shortening, which ones
decrease the most in length
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
L and M bands
H bands
A bands
Z bands
I bands
a weakened contraction
a slow contraction
a strong contraction
a stronger than normal
contraction, unless the muscle is
stretched beyond a certain limit
O. The plasma membrane is generally
considered to be
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
trilaminar complex
non-protein structure
carbohydrate sturcture
single layered structure
simplified plasma
P. When iodine concentration in the
blood is high, thyroid activity
A. increases
B. decreases
C. alternates by increasing or
decreasing
D. remains constant
L. Hematocrit is defined as
A. the amount of plasma in the blood
B. the ratio of blood volume to
intracelluar space
C. the amount of RBC in the blood
D. the ratio of blood volume to
extracelluar space
E. the percentage of protein in the
blood
Q. Parasympathetics cause
A.
B.
C.
D.
increase pupil dilation
increase peristalsis
increase cardiac output
increase coronary artery dilation
R. Of the following glands, the one
most likely to secrete the hormone
for stress is
2
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thryoid
adrenal cortex
testes
pituitary
thymus
S.
The vasoregulatory center least
affected by PCO2 is the
A.
B.
C.
D.
medulla vasomotor cells
carotid body
aortic body
hypothalamus
T. Which of the following is/are
associated with the secretory phase
of menstruation
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
bleeding
glycogen rich endometrium
increased vascularity
swelling of mammary alveoli
all of the above
U. What is the location of the coronary
sinus
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anterior part of AV sulcus
posterior part of AV sulcus
anterior part of IV sulcus
posterior part of IV sulcus
posterior part of IA sulcus
V. Which type of blood will clot A
and B agglutins
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
O
A
B
AB
Rh
C. [systolic pressure minus diastolic
pressure] divided by pulse pressure
D. [pressure 1 minus pressure 2]
divided by total peripheral pressure
X. The osmotic pressure is which
component in blood protein
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
albumin globulin
alpha globulin
beta globulin
gamma globulin
fibrinogen
Y. Jendrassik’s maneuver is required
to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
provide urine sedimentation
forced delivery
forced elimination
genetics
increase patellar response
Z. When a series of repetitive neural
stimuli are applied at a rate high
enough to cause summation of
contraction, the muscle is said to be
in a state of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
physiologic contracture
irreversible contracture
tetanus
fatigue
rigor
AA. The aortic valve opens when
A.
B.
C.
D.
to provide oxygen to the tissues
to prevent buildup of pressure
blood enters left atrium
ventricular pressure exceeds
aortic pressure
E. none of the above
BB. The afferent fibers of the HeringBrewer reflex are the
W. Arterial pressure can be expressed
as
A. cardiac output divided by total
peripheral resistance
B. cardiac output times total
peripheral resistance
A. spinal cord
B. vagus nerve
C. glossopharyngeal nerve
D. intercostal nerve
E. phrenic nerve
CC. The endocrine gland whose
hormones directly affects cellular
respiration is the
3
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thymus
thyroid
pituitary
adrenal cortex
pancreas
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
from exposure to radiation
as a result of rheumatic fever
as a congenital condition
in puberty
in childhood
DD. Which is not true of synapses
A. allow for a unidirectional flow of
nerve impulses
B. cholinesterase is involved in
synaptic transmission
C. are less sensitive than nerves
D. some release acetylcholine
E. exhibits a synaptic delay of about
.5 ms
EE. Sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone
decreases under increasing activity
of
A. arterial and venous
proprioceptors
B. carotid body chemoreceptors
C. pain receptors
D. medullary chemoreceptors
E. carotid sinus pressoreceptors
FF. Which electrolyte would be lost in
severe hyperhydrosis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mg
Na
Cl
Ca
K
GG. The specific heat of water applies
to
A. free energy liberated by its
metabolism
B. temperature at which it helps
enzyme reactions
C. ability of water to keep heat
D. high temperature required to
vaporize water
E. ability of water to conduct heat
II. Which area is stimulated first in the
sneeze process
A.
B.
C.
D.
nasal passage
pterygoid
sinus
nasopharynx
JJ. Salivary amylase is found in the
gland cells as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
negative ions
mucinogen
maltase
ptyalinogen
mucin
KK. During accommodation to near
vision, which of the following is
most obvious
A.
B.
C.
D.
the ciliary muscle contracts
the depth of focus is increased
the field of vision narrows
ciliary muscle relaxes
LL. Chemicals causing the primary
taste sensations of taste are
correctly related in the following
items
A.
B.
C.
D.
bitter taste by acids
salty taste by ionized salts
sweet taste by organic substances
sour taste by acids
MM.
Receptors for taste sensation
are taste buds which
A. contain taste cells which stimulate
taste nerve fibers
B. are not affected by the age of the
individual
C. degenerate when taste nerve
fibers are destroyed
HH. Precocious puberty occurs
4
NN. The receptor cells serving taste
A. initiate impulses which are
carried by the trigeminal nerve
B. are confined to the tongue only
C. are primary nerones
D. none of these
OO. The olfactory system can detect
A. odor better by sniffing air than
by breathing air
B. a constant smell when the
substances smelled are in
concentration as low as one
molecule in 1000 liters of air
C. a difference in odor between
isomers of the same substance
PP. The true cause of achalasia
[cardiospasm] is the inability of the
extrinsic nerves to open the
sphincter consequent to
swallowing. Which is failure due to
A. a degeneration of Auerbach’s
plexus
B. a lack of atropine
C. failure of vagus to secrete
acetylcholine
D. atrophy of sphincter musculature
E. none of the above are correct
QQ. Receptors used for the detection of
joint position are called
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
interoceptors
exeteroceptors
chemoreceptors
proprioceptors
nociceptors
RR. The color of feces is primarily due
to
A. the presence of chlorophyll
B. the presence of thiamine and
riboflavin
C. the presence of fat
D. dead bacteria
E. the presence of bilirubin ureticus
SS. Evidence indicates that
somatotropin [STH] is secreted by
A. chromophobes of pars distalis of
adenohypophysis
B. basophils of pars distalis of
adenohypophysis
C. acidophils of the pars distalis of
the adenohypophysis
D. alpha cells of the neurohypophysis
as a result of the production of the
STH releasing factor produced by
the hypothalamus
E. hypothalamic cells that migrate into
the neurohypophysis
TT. Which of the following is a vital
[necessary for life] endocrine
gland
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anterior pituitary
thyroid
ovaries
islets of Langerhans
pineal
UU. Aldosterone causes which action
A. increased renal excretion of
potassium
B. increased renal tubular reabsorption
of protein
C. decreased reabsorption of chloride
D. increased transfer of potassium into
cells
E. none of the above
VV. The hormone used to stimulate the
circulatory system would be
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
epinephrine
ACTH
insulin
growth homone
FSH
WW.
All of the following hormones
are secreted by the adrenals except
A.
B.
C.
D.
insufficient antidiuretic hormone
excess SH
ACTH
epinephrine
5
E. corticosteroids
C. 1.3 liters
D. 2.4 liters
E. 6.8 liters
XX. Insulin is said to be secreted by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
alpha cells of the pancreas
acinar cells of the pancreas
cells of the pancreatic duct
beta cells of the pancreas
areolar cells of the pancreas
YY. An overdose of insulin causes
twitching, convulsions,
unconsciousness and even death.
These symptoms are due to
A. subnormal concentrations of
calcium ions in the blood
B. reduction in blood proteins
C. subnormal concentration of
sugar in the blood
D. lack of glycogen in the blood
ZZ. The major channel for absorption
of fat is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
stomach
colon
liver
lymphatic system
thoracic duct
AAA.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
DDD. Plasma clearance of the kidney
is best defined as
A. the ability of the renal tubules to
remove a certain amount of filtrate
from the glomerulus
B. the ability of ureters to carry certain
plasma proteins away from the
kidneys
C. the ability of the kidney to
remove a certain substance from
the plasma at a certain rate of
speed
D. the clearing of urea from the
bladder
E. excess urination resulting in plasma
protein escape from the blood
EEE.
Control of the pH of the
extracellular fluids is regulated by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lungs and kidneys
heart and lungs
kidneys and liver
spleen and liver
spleen and kidneys
Glycogen is stored in the
pancreas
gall bladder
liver
spleen
liver and muscles
BBB. The secretion of gastric juice is
increeased by the action of
FFF.
The average loss of water per
day via urinary routes is about
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
150 cc to 300 cc
500 cc to 1000 cc
1000 cc to 1500 cc
1500 cc to 2000 cc
2000 cc to 2500 cc
GGG.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gastrin
fats
enterokinase
rennin
enterocrinin
CCC. If the heart rate is 70 and the
stroke volume is 70 cc, what is the
cardiac output
A. 4. 9 liters
B. 5. 0 liters
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fat is absorbed through the
colon
liver
pancreas
villi and lacteals
gall bladder
HHH. In an electrocardiogram,
venticular contraction is associated
with the
A. P wave
6
B.
C.
D.
E.
T wave
QT interval
PQ interval
Interval between T and P waves
III. Salty taste is elicited by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
NaCl only
positive ions only
organic compounds
ionized salts
OH-groups
JJJ. The substances that are capable of
being smelled have certain
characteristics. Which of these is
not a common characteristic of
odiferous substances
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
water soluble
highly ionizable
fat soluble
volatile
esterified
KKK. Adaptation of olfaction and
gustation is partially receptor
adaptation. The further adaptation
to odors and taste is achieved by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
tonic receptor activity
phasic receptor activity
neurologic adaptation
further adaptation doesn’t occur
conscious inhibition
LLL.
Where in a reflex arc does the
ultimate change occur
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
receptor
afferent pathway
integrating center
efferent pathway
effector organ
MMM. The typical direction of
propagation of information along a
nerve is
A. axon-cell body-dendrite-terminals
B. cell body-dendrite-axon-terminals
C. dendrite-cell body-axonterminals
NNN. Identify the label common to
the one way transmission at the
synapse
A.
B.
C.
D.
Weber-Fechner
Bell-Megendie
power principle
antidromic transmission
OOO. Lack of vitamin B12
absorption results in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sciatica
leukemia
pernicious anemia
sclerosis
all of the above
PPP.
Which of the following is not
an anti-coagulant
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
heparin
antithrombin
calcium antagonist
accelerator globulin
dicumarol
QQQ. Human somatic cells in man
have
A. 22 autosomes and X and Y
chromsomes
B. 23 autosomes and X and Y
chromosomes
C. 24 autosomes and X and Y
chromosomes
D. 2 X chromosomes
E. no X chromosomes
RRR. A glucose tolerance test on a
patient gave the following results:
Fasting-94 mg
One half-hour-146 mg
One hour –133 mg
Two hours-114 mg
You can conclude this patient’s condition is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
hypothyroid
hyperthyroid
nephritic
not diabetic
diabetic
7
SSS. Vitamin K is important because of
its role in the formation of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
platelets
prothrombin
thromboplastin
myoglobin
hemoglobin
C. tunica media
D. tunica adventitia
E. none of these
YYY. The following gland contains
chromaffin cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
adrenal gland
pineal body
anterior pituitary gland
thymus gland
none of the above
TTT.
Which of the following
structures is not found in the left
ventricle of the heart
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
chordae tendinae
aortic opening
bicuspid valve
pulmonary orifice
papillary muscles
UUU. The mucous glands of Littre
are found in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
esophagus
nasal cavity
tarsal plate
uterus
urethra
VVV. The columns of Bertini are in
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cecum of the large intestine
rectum
small intestines
kidneys
seminal vesicles
WWW. The fossa of Rosenmuller is
located in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
oral cavity
oral pharynx
ovary
cecum
nasopharynx
XXX. The thickness of an artery is
due mainly to
A. endothelium
B. tunica intima
ZZZ.
The connective tissue sheath
surrounding an entire muscle is
called
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sheath of Schwann
perimysium
sarcolemma
epimysium
endomysium
AAAA. The layer of rods and cones of
the retina is arranged so that
A. the rods and cones are in the
middle layer of the retina and lie on
their side
B. the rods and cones are in the layer
facing the vitreous humor and point
toward the lens
C. the rods and cones are in the layer
facing the vitreous humor and point
away from the lens
D. the rods and cones are in the deep
layer in contact with the choroid
and point toward the lens
E. the rods and cones are in the
deep layer in contact with the
choroid and point away from the
lens
BBBB. Centroacinar cells are
associated with
A.
B.
C.
D.
parathyroid
liver
pancreas
thyroid
8
E. thymus
CCCC. At basal conditions the largest
arterial blood flow is to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
skin
spleen
bone
brain
kidney
DDDD. At resting conditions
prolonged athletic training causes
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increased stoke volume
increased cardiac rate
increased arteriole flow
decreased ventricular filling
none of the above
EEEE. When you inject an animal
with ephinephrine, which of the
following does not occur
IIII. In the normal heart the SA node is
the pacemaker because of it’s
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
location in the atrium
strength of impulse formation
rate of impulse conduction
abundance of nerve endings
location in a passage way
JJJJ.
We can most likely expect an
increase in venous pressure in
response to
A. an increase in cardiac output
B. an increase in peripheral
resistance
C. an increase in total blood volume
D. a decrease in venous tone
E. a change in posture from standing
to prone
KKKK. Prostatic secretion
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gastrointestinal muscles contract
bronchioles constrict
pupils dilate
heart rate increases
increase in blood pressure
FFFF. Antidiuretic hormone to the
kidney will
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increase filtration rate
decrease urine flow
dilute urine
increase tubular reabsorption
decrease tubular secretion
GGGG. Locate the two organs in the
GI tract affecting gastric motility
A.
B.
C.
D.
stomach and colon
stomach and gall bladder
stomach and parotid gland
stomach and small intestines
HHHH. When the membrane of a
resting nerve has stimulated, the
membrane
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
moves to K balance
moves to Na balance
hyperpolarizes
goes to –75 mv
goes to –90 mv
A.
B.
C.
D.
is alkaline
is of no importance to reproduction
is mucoid
keeps sperm motile in the the
female genital tract for 5 days
E. none of the above
LLLL. All of the following hormones
are secreted by the adrenals except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ACTH
epinephrine
corticosteroids
aldosterone
adrenaline
MMMM.
The most important
hormone in regulation of sodium
reabsorption in the kidney is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
ADH
cortisone
desocycorticosterone
aldosterone
diuretic
NNNN. The hormone associated with
gonadal development is
A. oxytocin
B. pitressin
9
C. FSH
D. prolactin
E. thyroxin
OOOO. Glycogenolysis is accelerated
in the presence of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
insulin
ICSH
FSH
adrenaline
prolactin
PPPP. The endocrine gland associated
with calcium-phosphorus balance is
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal
pituitary
testes
QQQQ. The most common
classification of neurons found in
the nervous system is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
unipolar
bipolar
multipolar
golgi
associative
TTTT. The proteins of lymph are
A. identical to plasma proteins and
derived from them
B. not identical to plasma proteins, but
derived from them
C. identical to plasma proteins, but
not derived from them
D. have no relation to plasma proteins
E. does not contain proteins
UUUU. Osmoreceptors are located in
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
VVVV. The metabolic function of
cortisol is
A.
B.
C.
D.
SSSS. In which area of the cell does
aerobic respiration take place
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
mitochondria
cytoplasm
lysosomes
stimulates gluconeogenesis
mobilizes fats
mobilizes proteins
inhibits glucocorticoids
WWWW.
The posterior root
ganglion contains which cell bodies
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
RRRR. The velocity of conduction of
nerve impulses is
A. inversely proportional to the
thickness [diameter] of nerve fibers
B. unaffected by the diameter of the
nerve fibers
C. directly proportional to the
diameter of the nerve fibers
D. equal in all nerve fibers
E. none of the above
proximal convoluted tubules
pituitary stalks
adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
hypothalamus
cell bodies of efferent neurons
cell bodies of afferent neurons
cell bodies of internuncial neurons
no cell bodies at all
cell bodies of synapses of
peripheral visceral systems
XXXX. In starvation, the body uses it’s
food supplies in the following order
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fats, CHO, proteins
fats, proteins, CHO
protein, CHO fats
CHO, fats, proteins
all are used at an equal rate
YYYY. Increased number of
production of alpha cells of the
islets of Langerhans will result in
A.
B.
C.
D.
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
hypocalcemia
will not affect anything
10
ZZZZ. Which artery has blood
normally in the same concentration
as the blood in the vena cava
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
pulmonary
coronary
hepatic
renal
aorta
AAAAA.
In the Indians in the
Andes [above 15,000 ft] the reason
for the high RBC count is due to
one of the following
A.
B.
C.
D.
increased oxygen
decreased oxygen
increased CO2
decreased CO2
BBBBB.The main constituent of the
alkaline reserve via the blood
buffer system is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
H2CO3
Na2HPO4
Na2CO3
RBC’s
NaHCO3
D. conjugated lipids
E. dextrins
FFFFF. The circle of hypertrophy and
distention in cardiac hypertension
is classically found in
A.
B.
C.
D.
left ventricle
right ventricle
left atrium
right atrium
GGGGG.
Percentage of oxygen
combined with hemoglobin from
lungs to tissues is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10%
33%
67%
77%
97%
HHHHH.
What is the liquid
contained in the cavity of
Bowman’s capsule
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
concentrated urine
blood plasma
blood plasma without protein
freshly aerated blood
used bile ready for excretion
CCCCC.Myotonic variance deals with
A. galvanic detection of muscle
disease
B. states of muscle tone
C. the muscles’ response to an electric
current
D. differences in the percussion reflex
between antagonists
DDDDD.
Absorption of mineral
oil inhibits what vitamins
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
E
A and D
C
riboflavin
niacin
EEEEE. The principal digestion action
in the stomach is on
A. raw starch
B. protein
C. simple lipids
IIIII.
Which of the following is
incorrect concerning the genetic
code for amino acids
A. each amino acid is coded for by a
sequence of 3 nucleotides in the
DNA strand
B. the sequence of amino acids in the
protein is determined by the
sequence of code words in DNA
C. a mutation is a permanent change
in the amino acid sequence of DNA
D. there is only one code for each
amino acid
JJJJJ. The principle by which
stimulation of one muscle causes
inhibition of the antagonistic
muscle is called
A. unconscious antagonism
B. protective accommodation
11
C. dimetrical opposition
D. reciprocal innervation
E. neural suppression
KKKKK.
Which factors
influence the stability of the plasma
membrane permeability
A.
B.
C.
D.
low calcium
high calcium
norepinephrine
adrenalin
LLLLL. Which hormone is secreted by
the thyroid
A.
B.
C.
D.
corticotropin
thryotropin
calcitonin
oxytoxin
MMMMM.
As systemic filling
decreases, cardiac output
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreases
increases
stays the same
decreases only with sympathetic
stimulation
NNNNN.
A man exercising in a
hot environment loses 4 liters of
hypotonic sweat. The result is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
increased blood plasma
increased extracelluar fluid
decreased plasma osmolarity
increased antidiuretic hormone
decreased blood pressure
OOOOO.
Why is slow
replacement of alveolar air
important
A. it prevents a sudden change in
blood gases
B. to prevent a too sudden exchange
of CO2 thus affecting the
respiratory center of the brain
C. to prevent N2 absorption
D. it prevents O2 poisoning
PPPPP. If a substance is continuously
moving into a cell through simple
diffusion, then
A. there is always a greater
concentration in the environment
than inside the cell
B. a greater amount of carbon dioxide
is involved when the substance
enters the cell than when it leaves
C. there is always a greater
concentration within the cell than
in the environment
D. the cell is always in need of the
substance
QQQQQ.
The medullary
respiratory center is directly
stimulated to increase respiration
by which of the following
A.
B.
C.
D.
PCO2
bradykinin
blood pressure
PO2
RRRRR.The principle effect of
thyroxine is to increase the
metabolic activities of most body
tissues except
A.
B.
C.
D.
spleen, testes, lungs
liver
brain, spleen, testes
brain and retina
SSSSS. The two main functions of the
mineral-corticoids is ______ renal
reabsorption of Na and ________
renal excretion of potassium
A.
B.
C.
D.
decreased, decreased
increased, increased
decreased, increased
increased, decreased
TTTTT. If the cardiac output is 6 liters
per minute it means that
A. the total blood pumped by both
ventricles is 6 liters per minute
B. the total blood pumped by each
ventricle is 6 liters per minute
C. each atrium pumps 6 liters per
minute
D. both atria pump a total of 6 liters
per minute
12
UUUUU.
When a nerve cell is
stimulated, the change across the
cell membrane is known as
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
post-after potential
positive potential
negative after-potential
spike potential
reshaw cell
VVVVV.
Which of the
following is found in greater
amounts in the extracellular fluid
A.
B.
C.
D.
potassium
sodium
magnesium
chlorides
WWWWW.
Post traumatic
obstruction of the canal of
Schlemm probably produces
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
parosmia
glaucoma
gangrene
petechial hemorrhage
caput medusae
XXXXX.
Cardiac output is
increased in a normal healthy
person by all of the following but
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
sympathetic stimulation
increased temperature
peripheral resistance
increased heart rate only
physiological hypertrophy of the
heart
YYYYY.
Myelin on nerves
A.
B.
C.
D.
acts as an insulator
slows down conduction
aids in synaptic transmission
aids in passage at neuromuscular
junction
E. none of the above
AAAAAA.
Of the several types
of white blood cells, which are
normally most numerous
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
basophils
eosinophils
monocytes
lympocytes
polymorphonuclear neutrophils
BBBBBB.
After forceful
inspiration, the amount of air
forcefully expired is equal to
A.
B.
C.
D.
vital capacity
residual volume
expiratory reserve volume
inspiratory reserve volume
CCCCCC.
The supporting tissues
of the CNS are
A.
B.
C.
D.
nissl bodies
mitochondria
pia mater
oligodenrocytes
DDDDDD.
The two endocrine
glands responsible for urine volume
control are
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
pituitary and gonadal
pituitary and thyroid
pituitary and adrenal
gonadal and adrenal
thyroid and gonadal
EEEEEE.
FSH functions to
A. stimulate spermatogenesis
B. stimulate maturation of the
Graafian follicle
C. stimulate ovum production
D. causes ovulation
E. causes sperm formation
ZZZZZ. Which term means “decreased
number of white blood cells”
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
anemia
leukemia
leukocytosis
leukopenia
mononucleosis
FFFFFF.The most accepted theory of
nerve transmission at this time is
A. chemical theory
13
B. electromagnetic theory
C. electrochemical theory
D. sound wave theory
GGGGGG.
The flow of blood
through a vessel
A. is directly proportional to the
diameter
B. is inversely proportional to the
cross section
C. is directly proportional to pressure
and resistance
D. is directly proportional to
pressure and inversely
proportional to resistance
HHHHHH.
The respiratory
adjustments to a high CO2 level in
the tissues is
A. increased depth and rate of
respiration
B. decreased depth and decreased rate
of respiration
C. decreased depth and decreased rate
of respiration
D. Cheyne-Stokes breathing
IIIIII. The insulation junctions in
cardiac muscle
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
I bands
A bands
Z bands
intrafusal fibers
intercalated discs
JJJJJJ. Under normal conditions, the
glomerular filtration rate is
primarily regulated by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glomerular capillary blood flow
gomerular capillary pressure
intracapsular hydrostatic pressure
plasma colloid osmotic pressure
none of the above
KKKKKK.
The pressure in the
glomeruli tending to force fluid
through the glomerular pores into
Bowman’s capsule averages
approximately
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10-20 mm Hg
20-30 mm Hg
30-40 mm Hg
40-60 mm Hg
none of the above
LLLLLL.
The major stimulus
for the secretion of entergastrone is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fats
proteins
carbohydrates
acids
pressure
MMMMMM.
Luteinizing hormone
A. is necessary for ovulation
B. in necessary for change of
follicular cells into lutein cells
C. promotes secretion of progesterone
by lutein cells
D. secretion is diminished by
progesterone
E. all of the above
NNNNNN.
Considering the cell
membrane potential, which of the
following statements does not
apply
A. the membrane must be
semipermeable
B. the concentration of diffusible ions
must be greater on one side than on
the other side
C. positive ions tend to concentrate on
the outside of the cell
D. negative ions tend to concentrate
on the inside of the cell
E. all of the above statements apply
OOOOOO.
Calcium and
phosphate absorption are increased
from the gastrointestinal tract by
A. vitamin B12
B. vitamin A
C. vitamin E
14
D. vitamin D
E. vitamin C
PPPPPP.Heart rate is 60 and stroke
volume in 70 cc. What is the
cardiac output
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1.3 liters
4.2 liters
5 liters
2.4 liters
none of these
QQQQQQ.
Which of the
following would tend to increase
blood pressure
A. section of the vagal nerve supply
to the heart
B. section of the sympathetic nerve
supply to the heart
C. vasodilation of peripheral vessels
D. shock
E. none of these
RRRRRR.
When arterial
pressure increases, then
A.
B.
C.
D.
peripheral vessels constrict
heart rate increases
heart rate decreases
heart volume increases
SSSSSS.The secretion of gastric juice is
increased by the action of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gastrin
fats
enterokinase
secretin
enterokinin
TTTTTT.
Most of the energy
utilized during a short period of
strenuous exercise [2 minutes] is
derived from
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
protein metabolism
anaerobic glycolysis
beta oxidation of fats
oxidation of carbohydrates
oxygen attached to hemoglobin
molecule
UUUUUU.
A man who devised a
widely used test for color blindness
is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hemhotz
Zinn
Ischihara
Young
none of these
VVVVVV.
Contraction of the
ciliary muscles would cause
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lengthening of the eyeball
shortening of the eyeball
increased convexity of the lens
decreased convexity of the lens
closure of the iris
WWWWWW. The action of the
renal nerves on urine formation is
limited to their effect on
A. the reabsorption of Na by the
tubules
B. the pressure and flow of blood
through the kidney
C. the reabsorption of glucose
D. the excretion of acid
E. none of these
168. A man with blood group A, Rh negative
A. can safely donate blood to a person
with blood group B
B. can safely receive blood from a
donor who has blood group AB
C. will have alpha agglutinins in his
plasma
D. can safely donate blood to a person
who is Rh positive
E. none of the above
XXXXXX.
Which of the
following is a procoagulant
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
heparin
low pH
spleen
prothrombin
none of the above
YYYYYY.
The normal pH of
arterial blood is
A. 7.0
15
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.2
7.4
6.0
8.0
ZZZZZZ.
Not of value in the
maintenace of static equilibrium
is/are
A. the utricle
B. the semicircular canals
C. the cerebellum
D. the visual mechanics
AAAAAAA.
The metabolism of
the axon and maintenance of the
myelin is thought to be a function
of the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
neurolemma
Schwann cells
sodium pump
nucleus of axon
hamburger phenomenon
BBBBBBB.
The percentage of the
human body composed of fluid is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10%
20%
40%
60%
80%
CCCCCCC.
The ion in highest
concentration inside excitable cells
is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
K
Mg
Na
Fe
Ca
DDDDDDD.
Excitable cells such
as nerve and muscle differ from
other cells primarily in that only
excitable cells
A. have an ionic concentration
gradient across their membranes
B. have an electric membrane
C. can undergo rapid, transient
changes in sodium permeability
D. have active transport mechanisms
E. are affected by electric currents
EEEEEEE.
Positive ions on the
outside of a membrane of an
excitable cell and negative ions on
the inside create a/an
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
action potential
membrane potential
spike potential
sodium pump
none of the above
FFFFFFF.
Under resting
conditions, the membranes of nerve
and muscle fibers are
A. more permeable to potassium
than sodium
B. more permeable to sodium than
potassium
C. equally permeable to sodium and
potassium
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
GGGGGGG.
produce
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The cells of Leydig
cortisone
thyroxine
estrogen
testosterone
insulin
178.Basal metabolic rate in the adult male in
square meters/hour
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
10
40
70
100
300
HHHHHHH.
The capillary pressure
in the glomerulus
A.
B.
C.
D.
is the same as other capillaries
25 mm Hg
10 mm Hg
100 mm Hg
16
E. 60 mm Hg
IIIIIII.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The adenohypophysis secretes
glucogon
estradiol
cortisone
thyroxine
adrenocorticotropin
JJJJJJJ. ACTH secreted by the
pituitary affects which gland
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
NNNNNNN.
The most important
function of the sweat gland is
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
pancreas
A. to help eliminate toxic substances
from the body
B. to help regulate body
temperature
C. to help regulate acid-base balance
D. to help epidermal pores
unobstructed by dirt
E. to lubricate epidermal cells
OOOOOOO.
Bacterial activity in
the feces may lead to the formation
of all except
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
K
B6
riboflavin
thiamine
carotene
KKKKKKK.
The relationship of
heart rate to cardiac output is
A. negatively correlated
B. positively correlated up to 200
beats per minute and negatively
correlated after 200 beats per
minute
C. positively correlated
D. negatively correlated up to 200
beats per minute and positively
correlated after 200 beats per
minute
E. there is no correlation
LLLLLLL.
The ratio of oxygen
used to carbon dioxide given off is
called the
A.
B.
C.
D.
catabolism
anabolism
respiratory quotient
respiratory efficiency
PPPPPPP.
The glucocorticoid
secretion is principally controlled
by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
vagus
ACTH
TTH
ADH
the sympathetic system
QQQQQQQ.
The red blood cells of
which of the following percents
have the Rh antigen
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
25%
50%
85%
95%
100%
MMMMMMM. Normally the
predominant cerebral blood flow is
influenced by
RRRRRRR.
Which of the
following has the greatest
combined cross-sectional area
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
plasma oxygen tension
plasma CO2 tension
cerebral activity
somatic activity
posture tension
aorta
small veins
venules
vena cava
arterioles
17
SSSSSSS.
Which of the
following is not a corticosteroid
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
aldosterone
cortisol
cortisone
deoxycorticosterone
epinephrine
TTTTTTT.
Spermatogenesis
takes place in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
interstitial cells
sustentacular cells
cells of Leydig
epididymis
cells of seminiferous tubules
UUUUUUU.
A nurse carrying for a
supine, bed-ridden patient notices
that he has a difficult time
breathing, seems to be working
hard to get the air in and out.
Which expression should she use to
describe this condition
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
apnea
dyspnea
eupnea
orthopnea
cyanosis
VVVVVVV.
The number of pairs
of autosomes in humans is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
23
46
48
22
2
WWWWWWW. Which chamber of the
heart ejects oxygenated blood into
the general systemic circulation
A.
B.
C.
D.
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
XXXXXXX.
Identify the origin of
the impulse for the contraction of
the myocardium
A. Purkinje fibers
B.
C.
D.
E.
SA node
AV node
vagus nerve
Bundle of His
YYYYYYY.
The radial nerve is a
continuation of the
A. anerior division of the inferior
trunk
B. medial cord
C. posterior cord
D. lateral cord
E. anterior division of the superior
trunk
ZZZZZZZ.
The deep peroneal
nerve supplies the
A. peroneus longus brevis muscle
B. anterior crural muscles
C. transversus perineal profundus
muscle
D. pectineus muscle
E. popliteus muscle
AAAAAAAA. Termination of the
great splanchnic nerve occurs in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
submaxillary ganglion
celiac ganglion
otic ganglion
stellate ganglion
ganglion of Impar
BBBBBBBB.
If the long thoracic
nerve is destroyed, paralysis of the
________ would result
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
serratus anterior
pectoralis minor
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
subscapularis
CCCCCCCC.
nerves
The paired mental
A. help to form the ansa cervicalis
B. supply tactile fibers to the cerebral
hemispheres
C. lie between the mental spines of
the mandible
D. are terminal of the inferior alveolar
nerve
E. are branches of the facial nerve
18
DDDDDDDD. Proprioceptors are
nerve endings that receive
stimulation from
A. skeletal muscles, tendons and
joints
B. organ of Corti
C. skin surfaces
D. retina
E. viscera of the body
EEEEEEEE.
The motor innervation
of the diaphragm is from which
nerve
A. no true motor nerve, it only
functions reflexively
B. phrenic
C. upper intercostal
D. vagus
E. phrenic and lower intercostal
FFFFFFFF.
Which is not a
characteristic of cardiac muscle
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
all-or-none law
tetanization
rhythmic contraction
striations
lipochrome
B.
C.
D.
E.
motor unit
motor end plate
muscle
sarcolemma
IIIIIIII. Plasma proteins include [in
health]
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thrombin
albumin
fibrin
glycerides
hemoglobin
JJJJJJJJ. Which of the following
varieties of connective tissue has
the most universal distribution in
the body
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lymphoid
bone
reticular
adipose
areolar
KKKKKKKK. The tissue fluid in
histological preparations is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gel-like
abundant
yellow
basophilic
cannot be seen
LLLLLLLL.
Many glands are
partitioned off into sections called
lobes. What are the partitions called
GGGGGGGG. Under normal
circumstances, the largest volume
of blood is located in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
heart
large arteries
venules
large veins
pulmonary vessels
HHHHHHHH. All muscle fibers
innervated by the branching of the
nerve fiber of a single motor
neuron are called collectively the
A. synaptic trough
A.
B.
C.
D.
ducts
interlobar partitions
septa
capsules
MMMMMMMM.
Where can
fibrocartilage be found
A.
B.
C.
D.
intervertebral discs
trachea
epiglottis
cuneiform cartilage
NNNNNNNN.
cartilage
What is the capsule of
19
A.
B.
C.
D.
a wall for cartilage inflammation
lacuna itself
lacuna lining
plasma membrane of chondrocyte
OOOOOOOO. Which of the
following structures are not found
in both bone and cartilage
A.
B.
C.
D.
cytes
lacunae
fibrous layer
canaliculae
PPPPPPPP.
Which of the
following is not a part of
periosteum
A.
B.
C.
D.
osteogenic cells
fibrous layer
osteogenic layer
osteocytes
QQQQQQQQ. Which of the
following are not associated with
ossification of long bones
A.
B.
C.
D.
epiphyseal plate
diaphyseal center
epiphyseal center
intramembranous bone
B.
C.
D.
E.
glucose
fat
glycogen
all of the above
UUUUUUUU. Bilirubin is a product
of the metabolism of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fatty acids
hemoglobin
cholesterol
glucose
nucleic acids
VVVVVVVV. A general term for
enzymes, which hydrolyze starch is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
maltases
galactases
zymases
diastases
amylases
WWWWWWWW.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
All proteins
are colorless
are soluble in dilute saline
are soluble in alcohol
contain tryptophan
have peptide linkages
RRRRRRRR.
The major category of
proteins into which nearly all
antibodies fall is
XXXXXXXX. Bilirubin secreted into
the intestine is subjected to
enzymatic degradation, the final
product being
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
glycoproteins
gamma globulins
lipoproteins
glutelins
serum albumins
urobilinogen
bilirubinogen
biliverdin
mesobilirubinogen
stercobilin
SSSSSSSS.
In blood clotting,
which of the following is not
important
YYYYYYYY. The diagnosis of
rickets is assisted by the
determination of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
fibrinogen
thrombin
thromboplastin
calcium ion
chloride ion
serum cholesterol
serum alkaline phosphates
plasma prothrombin
serum amylase
serum globulin
TTTTTTTT.
What is burned in the
nerves for energy production
A. protein
20
ZZZZZZZZ.
Which tissue contains
the greatest percentage of
phospholipids
C. straight collecting tubules
D. terminal bronchioles
E. calyces
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
FFFFFFFFF.
Which of the
following would you associate with
Schwann’s sheath
skin
bone
muscle
nerve
blood
AAAAAAAAA. Administration of any
extract of which of the following
glandular tissues may cause an
increase in the sodium ion
concentration in the plasma
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
adrenal cortex
adrenal medulla
pancreas
parathyroid
thyroid
BBBBBBBBB. Estradiol is produced
in the largest amounts by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
male gonads
anterior pituitary
posterior pituitary
ovarian follicles
corpus luteum
CCCCCCCCC. Which of the
following is chiefly responsible for
the antibody activity of blood
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
striated muscle
blood vessel
hair follicle
neuroglia
neuron
GGGGGGGGG. Alpha, beta and delta
cells would most likely be found in
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thyroid
islets of Langerhans
hepatic cords
gastric pits
pituitary
HHHHHHHHH. The meeting and
union of human sex cells is
believed to occur in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
surface of the vagina
upper third of the uterine tube
middle third of the uterine tube
lower third of the uterine tube
uterus
IIIIIIIII. Collagen is formed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
serum albumin
serum globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin
lecithin
DDDDDDDDD. Of the following,
which is present in the plasma and
absent in the serum
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
serum globulin
serum albumin
fibrinogen
prothrombin
lecithin
EEEEEEEEE. Renal pyramids are
composed of
A. papillary ducts
B. convoluted tubules
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
PMNS
erythrocytes
fibroblasts
suppuration
coagulation
JJJJJJJJJ.
Energy needs vary
greatly with each individual mainly
due to
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
endocrine disturbances
physical activity
socioeconomic level of the family
genetic characteristics
psychological problems
KKKKKKKKK. Which of the
following is the result of increased
stimulation from the sympathetic
nervous system
21
A. inhibition of gastrointestinal
functions
B. increased peristalsis
C. secretion of digestive enzymes
D. relaxation of the upper
gastrointestinal sphinchters
may be found in blood passing
through the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
renal artery
renal vein
portal vein
hepatic vein
pulmonary artery
LLLLLLLLL. What limits the
theoretical maximal frequency at
which nerve impulses can be
produced in a neuron
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
relative refractory period
utilization time of stimulus
absolute refractory period
chronaxie
negative afterpotential
MMMMMMMMM.
Identify the
type of muscle contraction which
does not affect muscle length
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
isotonic
isometric
treppe
isokinetic
tetany
NNNNNNNNN. The normal response
from increase carotid sinus pressure
is
A. tachycardia and depressed blood
pressure
B. tachycardia and increased blood
pressure
C. bradycardia and increase blood
pressure
D. bradycardia and depressed blood
pressure
E. tachycardia and syncope
OOOOOOOOO. Which of the
following lung volumes or
capacities is the largest
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
inspiratory reserve
tidal
residual
vital capacity
expiratory reserve
PPPPPPPPP.
The lowest
concentration of nitrogenous waste
QQQQQQQQQ. Essential organic
substances are primarily reabsorbed
in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
RRRRRRRRR. Calcium absorption
from the GI tract is increased by
vitamin
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A
B12
C
D
E
SSSSSSSSS.
The rate of cellular
respiration is most directly affected
by the hormone from which of the
following endocrine gland
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
pancreas
adrenal cortex
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
TTTTTTTTT. The deficiency of
which vitamin will cause the
degeneration of myelin sheaths
and muscular weakness
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
niacin
riboflavin
folic acid*
pyridoxine
biotin
22