Download Musculoskeletal Powerpoint Part 1

THE MUSCULOSKELETAL
SYSTEM : Part 1
Structure and Function
Forms the body framework
Enables the
body
to move
Protects and
supports
internal
organs
Bones
Bones
•Osteoblasts are
•Composed of
osseous tissue bone-forming cells
•Consists of a
rich supply of
blood vessels
and nerves
•Osteoclasts are
responsible for
reabsorbing dead
bone tissue
•Osteocytes are mature bone cells
Bones
Ossification
The development of osteocytes and
the hardening process is called
ossification
Ossification depends on:
calcium
vitamin D
phosphorus
Epiphyseal Plates
• “Growth Plates”
• Located on the ends of long
bones
• Where osteoblasts increase
bone length
• After adolescence the plates
dissolve and the bone fuses,
ending bone growth
The adult skeleton has 206 bones.
Common Bone Categories
Common Bone Categories
•Long bones
(Femur)
•Short bones
(Wrist bones)
•Flat bones
(Skull)
•Irregular bones
(Vertebrae)
•Sesamoid bones
(Kneecap)
Parts of long bones:
Parts of Long Bones
• Diaphysis
• Longest portion
• Hollow shaft
• Epiphysis
• Bulbous ends
• Covered by
cartilage
Parts of a
PartsBone
of Long
Long
•Articular cartilage: thin
flexible substance that
provides protection at
movable points
•Medullary cavity:
hollow space that
contains yellow bone
marrow
Articular
cartilage
Spongy bone
Epiphyseal disks
Bones Part 2
Space
containing
red marrow
Proximal
epiphysis
Compact
bone
Medullary
cavity
Yellow
marrow
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Distal
epiphysis
Femur
8
Bone Marrow: specialized flexible
tissue found inside bones
Yellow Bone Marrow
Red Bone Marrow
• Found in medullary cavity
• Major storage for fat
within the body
• Where hematopoiesis
occurs (blood cell
formation)
• Found in cavities of
– Flat & short bones
– Vertebrae
– Sternum
– Ribs
– Ends of long bones
9
Cranial Bones
Spinal Column
Spinal Column
•Cervical = 7
Also called:
•
Spine
•
Vertebral column
•
Backbone
•
Vertebrae
**Intervertebral
Discs made of
fibrocartilage
provide cushioning
between vertebrae**
•Thoracic = 12
•Lumbar = 5
•Sacrum = 5 fused
•Coccyx = 4 fused
The Thoracic Cage
•Clavicle
Bones of the Chest
•True ribs
•Scapula
•False ribs
•Sternum
•Floating ribs
•Costal Cartilage
The thoracic cage surrounds the heart
and lungs in the thoracic cavity.
The Pelvic Girdle
Coxal Bones
Sacrum
Coccyx
The pubic symphysis is where both
coxal bones join.
Bones of the Arm
Bones
Upper
Armof
•Humerus
the Extremities
Lower Arm
•Ulna
•Radius
Hand and Fingers
•Carpals (wrist)
•Metacarpals (palm)
•Phalanges (fingers)
Bones of the Leg
Bones
of
Upper
Leg
the Extremities Part 2
•Femur
Lower leg
•Tibia (shin)
•Fibula
•Patella (kneecap)
Feet and Toes
•Tarsals
•Calcaneus (heel)
•Metatarsals
•Phalanges
AmphiarthrosesJoints
•Moves slightly
•Ex: Pubic Symphysis
Diarthroses
•Moves freely
•Ex: What you tend to
think of as “joints”
Types of Joints
Synarthroses
•No movement
•Ex: Sutures of the skull
Tendons and Ligaments
Tendons and Ligaments
Tendons are bands of fibrous tissue
that connect muscles to bone
Ligaments connect bones to other
bones
Movement occurs at joints with the
assistance of muscles, tendons, and
ligaments
Muscles
Muscles
Muscles contract
(shorten) and
extend to provide body movement
Types of Muscles
•1. Voluntary (skeletal)
•2. Involuntary (smooth or visceral)
•3. Cardiac (heart)
Muscles
Muscles
Fascia
Most muscles are
covered by a band
of connective tissue
called fascia, that
supports the
muscle
20
Skeletal Muscle
• Attach to bones
and are
responsible for
body movements
• “Striated Muscle”
• “Voluntary Muscle”
• Muscle fiber: an
individual skeletal
muscle cell
• Born with your # of
muscle fibers, can
only increase fiber
diameter!
Smooth Muscle
• “Involuntary Muscles” or “Visceral Muscles”
• Found in the walls of many internal organs (stomach, intestines,
bladder, respiratory pathways)
• Peristalsis: Wavelike contractions that move food through the
digestive tract
Cardiac Muscle
• Found only in the walls of the heart
• Involuntary muscle with branching
• Intercalated discs: structures that join together many cardiac
muscle cells for simultaneous contraction (heartbeat)