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Weather and Climate Review - Chapters 1 and 2 I) The Air Around You What is the atmosphere? What is the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere? Include percentages. What is water vapor? Why is water vapor important to weather? How is the atmosphere important to living things? II) Air Pressure What are some of the properties of air? What instruments are used to measure air pressure? What is altitude? What is the relationship between altitude and air pressure? Give examples. What is the relationship between air pressure and density? Give examples Describe what cool air is like in terms of pressure and density. Describe what warm air is like in terms of pressure and density. III) Layers of the Atmosphere What are the four layers of the atmosphere, in order, as seen from earth? How are the layers of the atmosphere classified? (A.K.A. What changes as you move from one layer to the next?) What are the characteristics of each layer? o Troposphere – o Stratosphere – o Mesosphere – o Thermosphere – What is the ozone layer and why is it important? True or False. If false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true. o The layer of the atmosphere where weather occurs is the thermosphere. o The mesosphere is the layer of the atmosphere that contains the ozone. o The exosphere is the outer layer of the thermosphere. o Most meteoroids burn up in the stratosphere. IV) Heat Transfer In what form does energy from the sun travel to Earth? What happens to energy from the sun when it reaches the Earth? Define ultraviolet: What are the three ways heat transferred? What is the transfer of energy from a hotter object to a colder object? What instrument is used to measure temperature? What is the direct transfer of energy from one object to another that are in contact (touching)? Define convection: What are the boiling and freezing points for both the Celsius and Fahrenheit? IV) Winds What causes wind? What instruments are used to measure wind speed? What are the differences between local winds and global winds? V) Where are the major global wind belts located? Why do land breezes occur? Why do sea breezes occur? Describe the Coriolis effect? What are doldrums? Where are the horse latitudes located? Water in the Atmosphere What is humidity? Define relative humidity. What instrument is used to measure relative humidity? Describe the parts that make this instrument up. How do clouds form? What are the three main types of clouds? Describe what they look like. In what types of clouds would a thunderstorm occur? Define precipitation. What is the process by which water molecules in liquid water escape into the air as water vapor? (AKA process by which a liquid turns into a gas)