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Zoonoses & One Health
Youth Livestock Quality Assurance
Trainer Workshop
October 18th 2014
Hayley D. Yaglom, MS, MPH
Epidemiologist
[email protected]
Vector-borne & Zoonotic Disease Program
Office of Infectious Disease Services
Arizona Department of Health Services
Craig Levy, MS
Epizoologist
[email protected]
Office of Epidemiology
Maricopa County Department of Public
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Objectives
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What is One Health?
What are Zoonotic Diseases?
Why is this important for 4-H?
What are some future projects?
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What is One Health?
• Worldwide initiative
• Human, animal, and environmental health are linked
• Main Goal:
– Enhance cooperation and expand interdisciplinary
collaborations between all the fields to promote health and
well-being
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TG0pduAYESA
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Human
Animal
Environment
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• Predominantly a disease prevention & management focus
• Combating existing and emerging diseases and zoonoses
• Animal models key to better health for all species
• Application of emerging technologies (e.g. sensors, nanotechnology)
• Diagnostics and therapeutics developed through animal trials benefit
human patients and visa versa
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One Health is not a new concept, but it has become more important in recent
years because many factors have changed the interactions among humans,
animals, and the environment. These changes have caused the emergence and
reemergence of many diseases.
Factor (Cause)
Human populations are growing and
expanding into new geographic areas.
Change (Effect)
As a result, more people live in close contact
with wild and domestic animals. Close
contact provides more opportunities for
diseases to pass between animals and people.
The earth has experienced changes in climate Disruptions in environmental conditions and
and land use, such as deforestation and
habitats provide new opportunities for
intensive farming practices.
diseases to pass to animals.
International travel and trade have
increased.
As a result, diseases can spread quickly
across the globe.
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Zoonotic Diseases
• Diseases that can be passed between animals and
humans
• At least 61% of all human pathogens are zoonotic.
• ~75% of all emerging pathogens in the past decade
have been zoonotic.
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Why do you think this is true?
1. We interact with animals in our daily
lives.
2. We raise animals for food or
enjoyment.
3. We keep them in our homes as pets.
4. We come into close contact with
animals at fairs and zoos.
5. We encounter wildlife when we are
outdoors or bugs that transmit
disease.
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Pet Ownership and Zoonoses
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Livestock and Zoonoses
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Routes of Transmission
• Direct contact
– Bite, scratch, contact with infected tissues
– Ex. Rabies, Q-fever
• Indirect contact
– Food/water-borne or touching infected object (fomite)
– Salmonella, E. coli, Giardia
• Aerosolization
– Inhalation, contact with respiratory droplets
– Ex. Brucellosis, Psittacosis
• Vector-borne (animal serves as reservoir)
– Mosquitos, ticks, fleas
– Ex. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, West Nile Virus
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Prevention
Education and outreach
Proper hand-washing and hygiene
Stay safe when handling food
Prevent bites from mosquitoes and ticks
Stay safe around pets and livestock
Keep your animals up-to-date with veterinary health
checks and vaccinations
• Proper animal management and care
• Be aware of zoonotic diseases both at home and when
you travel
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Current Efforts
• CDC-USDA-4-H Public Health Youth Education
Program (2012)
– Established to educate youth on the transmission and prevention
of zoonotic diseases
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Partnerships between agricultural programs and local
and state agencies
– “Friends” Magazine with lesson plans
– Teach youth, leaders, and parents about
zoonotic disease risk and prevention
– Encourage youth to share knowledge
– Create sustainable partnership
– Decrease number of US illness associated
with zoonotic disease
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Zoonotic Diseases Commonly
Associated with Livestock & Poultry
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Influenzas – swine, poultry, humans
Salmonella
E. coli
Psittacosis
Q-fever
Brucellosis
And others…..
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At Risk
• Animal caretakers, including 4H
• Visitors to animal events (e.g. county &
state fairs, etc.)
• Other animals - disease transmission is
two-way
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Significant Events
1996-2010: 150+ outbreaks associated with
public animal exhibitions – mostly E.coli and
Salmonella
E. coli 0157:H7 outbreaks assoc w/ petting zoos
• NC – 108 cases of E.coli
• FL - 63 cases of E.coli
• AZ - 2 cases at local zoo
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60% of animal fecal samples were positive!
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Influenza in Swine
• H3N2v – “swine flu” outbreaks were first
reported in 2011 and continuing ...
• 300+ cases in humans
• Almost all cases were connected to
attendance or participation in county and
state fairs
• At risk were animal caretalers, 4H, public
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Influenza in Poultry
• H5N1 – 660+ human cases reported in 15
countries in Asia, Africa, Pacific, Near East
since 2003. 60% cases were fatal.
• Almost all cases had poultry exposures.
• H7N9 – est 450+ cases in China &
Malaysia in 2013 & 2014. source was
poultry.
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One Health Partners in AZ
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ADHS / State Lab
Game & Fish
State Agriculture
USDA
CDC
County Health
4H
AzVMA / veterinarians
Animal Control
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UA Vet Diagnostic Lab
Indian Health Svc
Tribes
Zoos
Humane Society
Animal rehab/rescue
Others….
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Our Project Goals
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Open communication/networking
Provide disease prevention education
Enhance surveillance for disease risk
Work together to mitigate zoonotic disease
outbreaks when they occur
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Outreach & Communication
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Meetings
Teleconferences (e.g. AADRT)
Newsletters (e.g. VZE Qtrly Newsletter)
Display booths at public events
Friends Magazine articles
Draft chapter for manuals
Brochures & fact sheets
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• [email protected]
• [email protected]
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