Download Semester 2 Exam Review

Physics and Honors Physics Semester 2 Exam 2016 – Review Packet
Name: _________________________
EXAM: EVERYONE: Wednesday May 25th
You will have the following formulas, a calculator and a ruler:
Work =
𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣,
𝑝𝑖 = 𝑝𝑓 ,
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅, 𝐼 =
∆𝑄
,
𝑡
𝐼𝑀𝐴 =
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝑑
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑
,
𝐴𝑀𝐴 =
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑔 = 𝐵𝐼𝐿(sin 𝜃),
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝐹
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐹
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑔 = 𝑞𝑣𝐵(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃),
𝑐 = 𝜆𝑓, 𝐸𝑝ℎ𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑛 = ℎ𝑓, 𝑚𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑠 + Δ𝑚 = 𝑚𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑜𝑛𝑠 , 𝐼 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎
=
𝐹𝑒 =
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2
,
𝑟2
𝑛∗ℎ𝑓
,
𝑡𝐴
Helpful Values: ,



g = 9.81 m/s2
k=8.99x109 N m2/C2,
c = 3x109 m/s




𝑒 = 1.6𝑥10−19 𝐶,
1 u = 1.661 x 10-27 kg,
−27
𝑚𝑝 = 1.673 x 10 𝑘𝑔 = 1.007276u ,
𝑚𝑒 = 9.110 x 10−31 𝑘𝑔 = 0.000549u
𝑚𝑛 = 1.675 x 10−27 𝑘𝑔 = 1.008665u
How to Study: I recommend this order

Read this review sheet for topics and Review Notes as you go through

Rework Test Questions

Solve the sample problems on this review sheet

Rework Warm-up quizzes posted in Exam resources– these will provide a nice review foundation from which to continue your studies

Rework problems from note
Units, (sorted by note packets), chapters of the textbook, practice problems from book:
Energy
a. Work and Power (Notes Packet)



Concepts:
- Define when positive work is done, negative work is done or zero work is done
- Calculate Work and Power
Textbook: Chapter 5.1 and 5.4
Calculations: Chapter 5, Practice A and F
b. Types of Energy (Notes Packet)



Concepts:
- Be able to identify the types of mechanical energy present in situations (KE, PEg, PEe,)
- Be able to identify non-mechanical types of energy (Thermal, EM, Chemical, Electrical,Nuclear)
Textbook: Chapter 5.3
Calculations: Chapter 5, Practice B, C(HPonly) and D
c. Conservation of Energy (Notes Packet)



Concepts:
- State and explain the conservation of energy.
- Describe energy transformations in words
- Apply the Conservation of Energy to solve mathematically
- Be able to identify where energy is “lost to” when Mechanical Energy is not Conserved.
Textbook: Chapter 5.3
Calculations: Chapter 5, Practice E and problems from notes!
HP only: Momentum and Collisions (Note Packet)



Concepts:
o What is momentum?
o State and apply the Conservation of Momentum and the concept of a system
o Distinguish between inertia, momentum and Kinetic energy.
Textbook: Chapter 6.1,6.2 and 6.3
Calculations:
o Calculate Momentum
o Calculate masses and or velocities of objects after collisions
o Many practice in notes that you should rework!
o Practice A,D,E and Ballistic Pendulum problems like last one in notes
RPonly: Momentum and Simple Machines
a. Momentum (Note Packet)



Concepts:
o What is momentum?
o State and apply the Conservation of Momentum and the concept of a system
o Distinguish between inertia, momentum and Kinetic energy.
Textbook: Chapter 6.1,6.2
Calculations:
o Calculate Momentum
o Calculate masses and or velocities of objects after collisions
o Many practice in notes that you should rework!
o Practice A,D,E and
b. Simple Machines (PPTs and Labs)

Concepts:
o Identify 6 types of simple machines (3 types of levers


o Identify these SM in everyday objects
o Apply Mechanical Advantage formulas
o Understand the difference between AMA and IMA
Textbook: very briefly in
Calculations:
o Calculate IMA and AMA (including identifying which value is which – effort or resistance) – see practice
problems in Resources
HPonly: Design Lab

Concepts: (this looks long, but review it – it’s not so bad )
1. Given an observation, list several options for independent and dependent variables
i. Ex: Observation: Your cup of coffee seems to cool too quickly for your liking. List 3 independent and 3
dependent variables that you could investigate, include units for each. Be specific.
2. Turn any pair of IV and DV into a question in correct form to be investigated
i. Choose and IV and DV from above and put it into question form: (How does….affect…)
3. Given the question: How does the Volume of 100oC water in a cup affect the time it takes to cool
i. Identify the necessary control variables
ii. Identify how you would control the variables for more accurate and precise data collection
4. Process data by finding averages and uncertainty
5. Plotting data with error bars – axes
i. Create a graph based on the data table setting your own division on the axes. Plot the appropriate data with
error bars. Correctly label the graph
ii. Find the best fit line equation (by hand) for the data and sketch it.
iii. What are the units of the slope of your best fit line.
6. Answer questions about the significance of your results and come to conclusions
i. Based on your data/graph, what do you expect to happen when the volume is 1000ml
ii. What is the significance of the y intercept?
iii. Is your data accurate? Is it precise?
iv. Answer the question/come to a brief conclusion.
7. Evaluate the procedure of a lab, identify errors, type of errors (random, systematic), explain the effect of the
errors on the results and suggest ways to improve for next time
i. Ex: A student measures the volume in the experiment above from the top of the meniscus instead of the
bottom.
1. What type of error is this? Systemmatic or Random?
2. How does it affect the data she collects? Would it make the time longer or shorter than the “true value” for
each data point?
3. In order to make her volume measurement more accurate and precise, what could she have done to improve?
Name TWO things.
8. General “Physics Lab” concepts such as:
i. Significant figures
ii. How to “Straighten” a line
iii. Units of a variable in a formula (Ex: F = GMm/r2, what are the units of G, given that Force is in Newtons, Mass
is in kg and radius is in meters)
iv. Precision and accuracy
*Additional Practice problems for Design Lab unit at end*
Electricity and Magnetism:
a. Electrostatics (Note Packet)
 Concepts:
o Understand the concept of a charged particle (electron or proton)
o Charging by friction, induction and polarization
o Know what an insulator and a conductor are
o Understand the inverse-square law as it applies to Electrostatics and Gravitation
o Use the formula for electrostatic force (Coulomb force) to calculate for unknowns
o Draw accurate electric field lines around charges
o HP: Calculate Electric field, (practice D)
o HP: use kinematics to find velocities and distances for charged particles in fields
o HP: Use the principal of superposition to find net forces on particles in two dimensions using vectors
(Practice B)
o HP: find equilibrium points between charges (practice C)
 Textbook: Chapter 16.1, 16.2, 16.3 (no calcs in 16.3 for RP)
 Calculations: Chapter 16: Practice A, (B, C, and D HP only), and for HP – the problems in the notes!!
b. Circuits (Note Packet)
 Concepts:
- Understand the concepts of Voltage, Current and Resistance
- Understand how to build and draw schematic diagrams for series and parallel circuits
- Qualitatively describe the current and voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits
- Understand that Millikan in his oil drop experiment discovered that charge is quantized, that this
means that charge comes in “packets” and that he found the charge of the electron.
- Calculate current and charge using I = Q/t
- Make calculations using V = IR
 Textbook: Chapter 17.3
 Calculations: Chapter 17 Practice C and D
c. Electromagnetism (Note Packet)
 Concepts:
o Understand that where there is moving charge, there is a magnetic field
o Where there is a changing magnetic field, there is moving charge (foundation for AC generators!)
o Understand that the spinning motion from turbines in ANY energy source goes into spinning a coil of
wire in a magnetic field, producing a changing magnetic field and therefore a changing (alternating)
current.
o Know and apply the right hand (left hand for negative charges) rule in order to determine direction of
force in both moving charged particles and on current carrying wires
o Calculate the magnitude of the force on both charged particles (F = qvB) and a current carrying wire (F =
BIL)
o HP: Understand and apply Lenz’s law to determine the direction of the induced current in a wire
o HP: State the three ways one is able to induce a current in a coil of wire in a magnetic field (move the
coil, rotate the coil or change the B field)
 Textbook: Chapter 19.2, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2
 Calculations: Chapter 19 Practice A and B,
Modern Physics:
-
-
a. EM Waves (Note packet)
Concepts:
o Familiar with the spectrum names and how it is organized
o Why called EM waves? What is an EM wave?
o Frequency, wavelength, c – what they are, units etc.
Calculations: find frequency from wavelength and vise versa using c = lambda*frequency
Book: section 20.4, pg 737 section review
b. Wave Particle Duality (Note Packet)
- Concepts:
o Explain what is happening in the photoelectric effect
 Explain the classical theory of light and how evidence from the photoelectric effect
experiment contradicts it. (Conclusion questions from lab
 Explain what happens when you keep intensity constant and change frequency, explain
what happens when you keep frequency constant but change the intensity (top of pg. 2 of
notes, warmup quiz and questions 2 and 3 from photoelectric effect lab)
o Explain what a photon is and find the energy of a photon in Joules and eVs (be able to convert!)
- Calculations: Chapter 21 Practice A
- Book: Section 21.1,
c. Nuclear Physics (Note Packet)
- Concepts:
o Identify how many protons and neutrons in a nucleus based on this (pg 1 of notes) 
o Be able to explain the forces occurring within the nucleus and why some nuclei become unstable (pg
2notes)
o Explain that in a nucleus, the sum of its parts is more than the whole and that it take energy to disassemble
a nucleus.
o Understand the basics of fission and fusion and how they occur to increase stability in the nucleus.
o Identify the pros and cons of nuclear fission and fusion
- Calculations: HP only: mass defect and binding energy (Ch. 22.1 Practice A)
- Book: Section 22.1 and 22.3, pg. 786 section review (1-7all, Regular physics omit #6)
A
Z
X
Honors Physics Only – extra practice with Design Lab type questions:
A student measures the current in a resistor as 677 mA for a potential difference of 3.6 V. A calculator shows the
resistance of the resistor to be 5.3175775 Ω. Which one of the following gives the resistance to an
appropriate number of significant figures?
A.
2.
5.3 Ω
5.32 Ω
B.
C.
5.318 Ω
D.
5.31765775 Ω
The resistive force F that acts on an object moving at speed v in a stationary fluid of constant density is given
by the expression
F = kv2
where k is a constant.
(a)
(b)
State the derived units of
(i)
force F.
(ii)
speed v.
Use your answers in (a) to determine the derived units of k.
3. The time period T of oscillation of a mass m suspended from a vertical spring is given by the expression
T = 2π
m
k
where k is a constant.
Which one of the following plots will give rise to a straight-line graph?
A.
T2 against m
B.
T against
C.
T against m
D.
4.
T against m
The mass of a body is measured to be 0.600 kg and its acceleration to be 3 m s–2. The net force on the body,
expressed to the correct number of significant figures is
A.
5.
m
1.8 N.
B.
1.80 N.
C.
2 N.
An ammeter has a zero offset error. This fault will affect
A.
neither the precision nor the accuracy of the readings.
B.
only the precision of the readings.
D.
2.0 N.
6.
C.
only the accuracy of the readings.
D.
both the precision and the accuracy of the readings.
An object of mass m is hung from a spring. When the object is pulled downwards and then released, the
frequency f of oscillation of the object is given by the expression
1
m
 2π
f
k
where k is a constant.
Which one of the following graphs would produce a straight-line for the variation with mass m of frequency
f?
x-axis
y-axis
A.
m
f
B.
m
1
f
C.
1
m2
1
f
D.
m
f2