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CELLULAR RESPIRATION Chemical Pathways Chapter 9-1 http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg In this chapter, we will learn how broken down by this glucose is ____________ energy organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ ATP in a process called ___________________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION What kind of organisms do this? Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html Area with gel-like material inside cell membrane surrounding mitochondria CYTOPLASM = ______________________ Power plant of cell that burns glucose and stores the energy as ATP = _______________ mitochondria http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plant Surrounded by ___________ DOUBLE membrane Outer membrane & Inner membrane CRISTAE (called _______________ ) Space between inner membrane & outer membrane INTERMEMBRANE SPACE = ____________________ Space inside cristae folds MATRIX = _________________ CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) energy in food to use the _____________ ATP charge up their _______ PHOTOSYNTHESIS 6 CO 6H O 2 + _________ 2 ___________ + ___________ C6H12O6 + __________ 6O2 →_______________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION C6H12O6 + _________ 6 CO2 + __________ 6 H2O + __________ 6O2 →________ _____________ The two equations are exact opposites! ______________________________________________________________ Remember from Photosynthesis? + NADP High energy electron carrier = ___________ Cellular respiration uses some different carriers to transport high energy electrons. + NAD FAD _______ & ________ 2 e + H+ ________ + _________ NAD+ → FAD e- + 2H+ ________ + 2 _________ ____________ → ____________ The first step in cellular respiration = __________________ GLYCOLYSIS Glycolysis happens in CYTOPLASM the ________________ outside the mitochondria See glycolysis movie Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ sweet LYSIS= ___________ split apart ) Glycolysis ____________________________ DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN BUT it needs some ____________to get it ENERGY started. What molecule do you think is going to supply the energy do this? ATP GLYCOLYSIS ________ ↓ GLUCOSE ___________ ATP → ATP → ↓ ATP ATP 2_____________ PYRUVIC ACID NADH NADH ____________________ + _______________ 4 ATP’s 2 ATP’s and GET BACK __________ PUT IN ________ Net gain of ________ 2 ATP’s and __________ 2 NADH PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP = ANAEROBIC IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________) IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________) = AEROBIC PYRUVIC ACID ___________ WITHOUT OXYGEN ANAEROBIC 2 kinds of fermentation Alcoholic Lactic acid ___________________ & _____________________ ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ ALCOHOL + ______ CO2 + NAD →__________ _____+ Happens when yeast makes bread dough rise air spaces in bread CO2 bubbles make _____________ evaporates Alcohol _______________ during cooking http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION PYRUVIC _______ ACID +_____ + LACTIC ACID NAD →______________ + ________ muscles Happens in _____________ during ____________when body exercise can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough. Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg PYRUVIC ACID +_____ _______ + CO NAD →ALCOHOL __________ + ______ 2 + _____ LACTIC ACID + NAD ______ You get the NAD+ carriers back FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells + REGENERATE the NAD can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going REMEMBER: The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. OXYGEN The presence or absence of _______________ decides which path it takes next. Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present. Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing KREBS CYCLE follows glycolysis _______________ if oxygen is present REMEMBER: Glycolysis happens in CYTOPLASM the ________________ outside the mitochondria. Krebs cycle happens in MATRIX _____________ inside the mitochondria KREBS CYCLE KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES 3 ____ 1 ____ 1 ____ 4 ____ WHERE DOES IT GO? → 6 carbons in original glucose are lost Carbon dioxide as ________________ to atmosphere WHERE DO THESE GO? ATP can be used directly energy to supply __________ for the cell. High energy electron carriers move into the ELECTRON TRANSPORT ____________________ CHAIN Flowchart Section 9-2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C6H1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain. WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? Glycolysis KREBS ET Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN are located in the Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) ___________________________ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN INTERMEMBRANE SPACE CRISTAE MATRIX Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing©2006 Electron Transport Chain: Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1) electrons High-energy _____________ NADH FADH2 from __________ and __________ are passed along the electron transport chain. Energy from passing electrons is used to transport +) Hydrogen ions (H _____________________ across the membrane. Electron Transport Chain: The pumping of H+ ions into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE _______________________ represents potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ATP SYNTHASE ________________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ Electron Transport Chain: OXYGEN •________________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. •At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water (H2O) ______________ •SO: → •FADH2 → •NADH • 3 ATP’s _____ 2 ATP’s _____ WHATS THE BIG PICTURE? Electrons carried in NADH Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Cytoplasm Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Mitochondrion CELLULAR RESPIRATION includes: GLYCOLYSIS ______________________ KREBS CYCLE ______________________ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN _______________________ GLYCOLYSIS Happens in CYTOPLASM ______________ outside mitochondria 1 glucose Breaks down ____________ 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) into ________________ Produces 2 _______ 2 __________ KREBS CYCLE MATRIX happens in ________________ inside mitochondria 2 pyruvic acid Breaks down _________________ Produces: 2 ____ ____ 8____ 2 ____ 6 ELECTRON TRANSPORT cristae Enzymes found in _____________ inner membrane of mitochondria Uses high energy electrons and H+ ions NADH 2 donated by _______ andFADH _______ 32 (net) ATP Makes ___________ OXYGEN ________ acts a final H2O electron acceptor to produce ________ Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing CELLULAR RESPIRATION (aerobic/ with oxygen): 36 ATP 1 glucose → _______________ FERMENTATION (anaerobic/ without oxygen): 2 ATP 1 glucose → ________________