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Artificial Skin
Vi Tran
BME 281
Vi Tran
Section 1
October 23,2013
Our Skin
-Largest and most important organ
-16% of our body weight, about 8 pounds average
-Important roles
-Protective wall
-Vitamin D
-Thermoregulation
-Much more
-5% epidermis, 95% dermis
-3 layers
-epidermis
-dermis
-hypodermis
Burns
-According to American Burn Association
-450,000 people require professional care
-45,000 people require hospitalization for treatment of burns
-3,000 people die from burns
-In 2010, every 169 minutes one person dies from a fire
-Dangers of Burns
-Dehydration
-Infection
Types of Burns
-First Degree (least serious)
-epidermis affected
-redness, some pain
-Second Degree (partial thickness burn)
-both epidermis and dermis affected
-blisters
-Third Degree (most dangerous)
- epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis affected
-full thickness
-skin is extremely discolored: yellow, white and black
-destruction of nerves, blood vessels, glands, and other accessory structures
-bones, tendons, and muscles could be affected
-permanent damage and scarring
What Is Artificial Skin?
-Skin substitute used to restore epidermal and dermal layers
-Can be completely man made or made from using patients cells (biological or synthetic)
-Different from skin grafting
-Many uses
-Most common: serious burns
-Some skin diseases
-Cosmetic uses
History of Artificial Skin
-Before artificial skin, skin grafting performed
-Successful with some setbacks
-Infection, rejection , dehydration, not enough skin to cover, etc
-First successful artificial skin produced by Professor Ioannis Yannis of MIT and Doctor John Burke of
Harvard in 1979
-Developed Integra and is FDA approved
Integra: First Artificial Skin
-Contains no living organisms
-Designed to help facilitate the healing of the dermal layer, not a replacement skin
-Two layers
-Top is composed of a thin layer of silicone
-Bottom is a scaffolding made from dried and sterilized cow collagen, shark cartilage, and
glycosaminoglycan
-designed to help left over fibroblasts to recreate the destroyed dermal layer
-After two to four weeks, top layer is removed and autograft is performed
-Skin will be completely healed but has no sweat glands or hair follicles
-Cost is $2000 for 8 by 10 sheet
Dermagraft
-Artificial skin can be used to treat
-Skin loss
-Non-healing wounds
-Dermagraft
-Bioengineered skin substitute used in treatment of full
thickness skin ulcers caused by diabetes
-FDA approved
- Requirements
-Used when ulcers last more than 6 weeks,
-do not affect any surrounding structures such as the
tendon, muscles, ligaments, and bones
Dermagraft (Continued)
-Bioengineered scaffold containing living human fibroblasts
-Fibroblasts come donated newborn foreskin tissue
-Fibroblasts secrete substances
-Designed to help heal dermal layer
-Apply 8 times over 12 week period
-Sheet of 2 by 3 inches
-Costs $1500 per application
Dermagraft (continued)
-High success rate
-98.4% of patient’s ulcers improved
Cosmetic Uses of Artificial Skin
-Testing of Comestic products
-Eliminate need for animal testing
-Greiner Bio-One, European biotechnology company
-Designs ThinCert Cell Culture Inserts
-Thin membrane where human skin can grow
Benefits and Disadvantages
-For burns
-Better than skin grafting
-Increases survival after serious third degree burns
-Quicken recovery process
-Higher success rate than skin grafting
-Less scarring
-Can be customized to fit patient’s needs and
conditions
-For Ulcers
-Short recovery period
-Less Scarring
-Guarantee of success
-Can be expensive
-Allergic reaction to artificial compound
Future
-Artificial skin results are promising
-More methods and products being designed to eliminate need for skin grafting and full skin restoration
Works Cited
"American
Burn Association Burn Treatment Facts." The University of New Mexico, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://hospitals.unm.edu/burn/facts.shtml>.
"Artificial
Skin." Advameg, Inc., 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.discoveriesinmedicine.com/Apg-Ban/Artificial-Skin.html>.
"Artificial
Skin." N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.shrinershospitalboston.org/blog/understanding-different-types-burns>.
"Artificial
Skin." Wikipedia, 17 Oct. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_skin>.
Baker,
Chris. "New "artificial Skin" Product Launched." William Reed Business Media, 24 July 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/FormulationScience/New-artificial-skin-product-launched>.
DERMAGRAFT®
- P000036. FDA, 13 Sept. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/ProductsandMedicalProcedures/DeviceApprovalsandClearances/Recently-ApprovedDevices/ucm085085.htm>.
Geldhard,
Katie. "Artificial Skin." OpenWetWare, 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://openwetware.org/wiki/Artificial_Skin,_by_Katie_Geldart>.
"Greiner
Bio-One Launches Artificial Skin to Replace Animal Testing." Zenopa Ltd, 15 July 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.zenopa.com/news/801612581/greiner-bio-onelaunches-artificial-skin-to-replace-animal-testing>.
Halim,
Ahmad S., Teng L. Khoo, and Shah J. Yussof. Biologic and Synthetic Skin Substitutes: An Overview (n.d.): n. pag. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. Web. 19 Oct. 2013.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3038402/>.
Shingledecker,
Leon. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.drshingledecker.com/wound_care.html>.
Shire
Regenerative Medicine, In, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.dermagraft.com/>.
"Skin
Grafts." WebMD LLC, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1295109-overview#a1>.
"Understanding
types-burns>.
Differences Types of Burns." Shriners Hospitals for Children, 2013. Web. 19 Oct. 2013. <http://www.shrinershospitalboston.org/blog/understanding-different-