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Integrity: Navigating Culture and
Keeping Yourself Intact
Dr. Kate McGraw
Deputy Director
Psychological Health Clinical Standards of Care
Defense Centers of Excellence
18 June, 2012
“A little integrity is better than any career”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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Overview
• Overview
• Context: Women in the Military
• Department of Defense Focus: Psychological
Health of Military Females
• Ethics: Doing the right thing
• Coping: Free choice
• Discussion/Questions
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Women in the Military
• History:
• 1948:
Women’s Armed Services Integration Act
• 1951:
Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services
• 1967:
Two percent cap females in service, one line Colonel
per service limits removed by Public Law 90-130
• 1972:
Reserve Officer Training Corps admits females
• 1973:
Flight training open to females in the Navy and Army,
and in 1976, the Air Force
• 1974:
DoD rescinded separation of pregnant females
• 1976:
Military academies admitted females
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“…but you’ll never pull
missile crew”
as remembered from a Captain’s
Log, Oscar Minuteman Launch
Control Capsule, 1987
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Women in the Military
• 1977:
First Air Force Titan missile female crew members
• 1978:
Army Women’s Air Corps abolished, Public Law 95-485
• 1978:
First Navy females reported for sea duty
• 1980:
First DoD sexual harassment policy issued
• 1985:
First female ICBM Minuteman/Peacekeeper missile
crews assigned
• 1988:
First male/female ICBM missile crews authorized
• 1989:
Females served in Operation Just Cause
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“Women
Missiliers”
1987
Air Force
Art
Collection
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Women in the Military
• 1990:
90,000 females participate in Operation Desert
Storm/Desert Shield; two POWs and five died in action
• 1992:
Combat aircraft and ships open to females
• 2011:
Females permitted to serve on submarines
• 2012:
Since 2001, about 280,000 women have deployed to
Iraq and Afghanistan; 144 have been killed, and 865
have been wounded
• 2012:
First USAF female four start General nominated: Janet
C. Wolfenbarger
• 2012:
DoD lifts restrictions on over 14,000 front line
positions to females
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Collaborative Strategies
Mental Health Task Force (2007)
• The needs of women service members and veterans should
remain a focus of high-level planning groups in DoD (with all
military services represented) and the Department of Veterans
Affairs. The DoD Psychological Health Strategic Plan should
include specific attention to the psychological health needs of
women. The annual report on the Status of Female Members of
the Armed Forces should include information about the adequacy
of support for psychological health of women.
• The Department of Defense should develop treatment programs
specifically geared toward the psychological health needs of
female service members.
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Collaborative Strategies
2010 VA/DoD Integrated Mental Health Strategies
Strategic Action Number 28: Gender; Military Sexual Trauma
• Use information from research and the evaluation of clinical and
administrative data to explore gender differences in the delivery
and effectiveness of mental health services. Use findings to
improve the accessibility and quality of care, develop strategies
for overcoming health care disparities and barriers to care, and to
identify the need for further research.
• To support mental health services and research for female
service members and veterans, and for those who have
experienced military sexual trauma (both men and women) to
ensure ongoing surveillance, program evaluation and research,
and to identify disparities, specific needs and opportunities for
improving both treatment and preventive services.
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“When you live with integrity, your hearts begin to fill with
a happiness as vast as the universe. It’s about being
true to yourself and starting from where you are.”
Daisaku Ikeda
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Integrity and Ethics
• Integrity:
• Definition: consistency of actions, values, methods,
measures, principles, expectations, and outcomes;
honesty and truthfulness or accuracy of one's actions, the
opposite of hypocrisy
• Origin: Latin integer (whole, complete)
• “To have integrity”: to act according to the values, beliefs
and principles an individual claims to hold
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Integrity and Ethics
• Ethics:
• Definition:
• Moral principles or values governing or distinctive of a
particular culture or group; moral precepts held or
rules of conduct followed by an individual: a personal
ethic
• Origin: Latin ēthicus, fundamental character or spirit of a
culture
• Underlying sentiment that informs beliefs, customs, or
practices of group, person or society; or the moral
element in dramatic literature that determines a
character's action rather than his or her thought or
emotion
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Integrity and Ethics
• Ethical Approaches
• Virtue: Right thing: acts lead to happiness. Good
behavior and virtuous acts are the keys to self-fulfillment
• Utilitarianism: Right thing: actions that create best result
for greatest number of people are ideal. Not actions or the
intentions, but consequences
• Deontology: Right thing: actions from sense of duty. Each
action made based on a commitment to do what is right,
defined by the group
• Egoism: Right thing: best for you, the individual making
the decision
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Integrity and Ethics
• Relativism: Right thing: doesn’t exist in static state. There
are no absolute, fixed ethical principles, rather they vary
relative to the circumstances
• Subjectivism: Right thing: no such thing as fixed ethical
principles. Morality is about feelings, not fact, and right
and wrong are simply ways of describing your own
opinions (approval or disapproval) about things
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Integrity and Ethics
• In the military workplace:
• Often group needs trump the needs of the individual
• You enter into the group freely
• You benefit from being part of the group, but also give up
individual freedoms and gain responsibilities
• Being part of a workplace team requires you to adjust
your behavior and prioritize the group’s needs at times
• Act ethically regardless of the needs of the group, and
you maintain integrity, although you may suffer your
decision within the group
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"Don't compromise yourself. You are all you've got."
Janis Joplin
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Coping: Free Choice
• BALANCE
• Unhealthy:
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Exaggerate feminine/flirtatious interactions with others
Adopt of a masculine exterior with others
Glue a chip on your shoulder
Keep silent when you have important words to say
Shift your ethics under duress, away from your internal
values thus compromising your integrity
Use drugs or alcohol to “cope”
Work around the clock
Display high drama when upset
Refuse to ask for help when you need it
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Coping: Free Choice
• Healthy
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Obtain sufficient and high quality sleep
Seek good nutrition: under appreciated by many
Build support networks with other female leaders
Adopt a gender neutral lense in the workplace
Interpret benevolent intent unless a clear pattern
emerges, or unless behavior is singular, severe and
significant
Talk about your stress with people you trust
Stay active physically
Ask for help if you need it
Moderate your emotions and expression of the same
Have a meaningful life beyond your work
Be human, be yourself
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Coping: Free Choice
• Pick your battles
• Not everything is about gender or minority status
• Interpret benevolent intent
• Keep your sense of humor
• Always have a wingwoman
• Expect obstacles, but approach with compassion
• Apologize once, mean it sincerely
• Never sacrifice your integrity in order to belong to a group,
no matter what
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Summary
• Overview
• Context: Women in the military
• Department of Defense Focus: Psychological
health of military females
• Integrity and Ethics: Primer
• Coping: Free choice
• Discussion/Questions
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Discussion and Questions
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Integrity: Navigating Culture
and Keeping Yourself Intact
Dr. Kate McGraw
Deputy Director
Psychological Health Clinical Standards of Care
Defense Centers of Excellence
18 June, 2012