Download Domain Kingdom Phylum - Winston Knoll Collegiate

Objectives
• Describe characteristics common to animals
• Describe the characteristics of major
animal phyla
• Identify on sight members of major animal
phyla
• Define animal, chordate, vertebrate,
invertebrate
Characteristics of animals
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Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Sexual reproduction with some hermaphrodites
No cell wall
Motile at some stage
Rapid response to environment
– Nerve cells
– Muscle cells
– Both
Taxonomy
Taxonomy
Classification
• 27 Phyla – discuss major ones
• Grouped as:
– Invertebrates: NO backbone/vertebral column
– Vertebrates: backbone/vertebral column
– What is a backbone and what is a chordate?
• Backbone: supportative bone structure
• Chordate: has nerve chord
• We will cover:
– 6 phyla
• 5 invertebrate phyla
• 8 classes within the chordate phyla
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Classification: Invertebrate
(no backbone)
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Sponges Sponges
(Porifera)
• Sac-like body
• Cellular level of
organization
• 2 cell layers
• Filter feeder
• Rudimentary nervous
system
• CAN regenerate
(b)
Includes all types of sponges.
Essential life functions are
performed at the level of cells
Water flows through sponge
serving as respiratory,
excretory, and internal
transport system at same time
Budding serves as asexual
reproduction.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Cnidaria (Coelenterata)
• Marine
• Radial symmetry
• Two cell layers with differentiation; one
body opening
• Alternating body forms (polyp & medusa)
• Stinging cells
Cnidaria Examples
Includes jellyfish, sea
anemones, hydras and
coral.
Soft-bodied animals
with stinging tentacles
arranged in circles
around their mouth.
Life cycles contain sessile
flowerlike polyp and the
motile bell-shaped medusa
Lack centralized nervous
system and general brain.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Flatworms (Platyhelminthes)
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3 cell layers
Acoelomate
Many parasitic and/or pathogenic
One way digestive system
Includes flatworms, flukes,
and planarians.
Simplest animals with
bilateral symmetry.
Perform life functions at
the level of organ systems.
Aquatic and free living
parasites.
Lack usual circulatory and
respiratory systems.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Roundworms (Nematoda)
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Moist environments
Most free-living; many parasitic
Pseudocoelomate
Tube-like digestive system
Well-developed senses in free-living
Includes all roundworms.
Simplest animals to have a
digestive system with two
openings-mouth and anus.
Most numerous of all
multicellular animals.
Free living-found in
virtually all parts of the
Earth.
Have simple nervous
systems and reproduce
sexually.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Annelids
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Segmented
Coelomate
Hydrostatic skeleton
Brain + solid nerve cord
Three main types
– Marine Worms
• 1 Clam worms (predators)
• 2 Fan worms (prey)
– Earthworms
– Leeches
Annelids
Includes sandworms and
bloodworms.
Characterized by paired
paddlelike appendages on body
segments.
Appendages are tipped with
bristles that give this class its
name.
Live in cracks in coral reefs,
sand, mud, piles of rocks, and
open water.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Molluscs (Mollusca)
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Soft bodied with protective shells
Aquatic/Marine
Often mucus feeders
Body parts
– Visceral mass
– Foot
– Mantle (secretes shell)
Includes clams, mussels,
squids, octopi, slugs, and
snails.
Soft-bodied animals with
external or internal shell.
Body consists of: foot,
mantle, shell,+ visceral
mass.
Utilizes both open and
closed circulatory systems.
Use nephridia to remove
ammonia from blood.
Mollusks
Class including slugs and
snails.
Move by means of large
foot on ventral side.
Most have one-piece shell for
protection.
Defenses from predators
include: bad-taste, poison,
stinging, nocturnality, and
quickness.
Bright colors are warnings of
danger.
Class includes squids and
octopi, cuttlefish, and nautiluses.
Eight flexible tentacles are
equipped suction cups for
grabbing fish.
Lack protective shell but
have developed form of jet
propulsion for defense.
Able to squirt dark, foultasting ink into water and
octopi can change colors to
those of its surroundings.
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Arthropods
• 3 types:
– 1 Crustaceans
– 2 Insects
– 3 Arachnids
• Major characteristics:
– 1 Exoskeleton (chitin)
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Protection
Attachment for muscles
Movement
Prevent drying out
– 2 Segmented bodies Head, thorax, abdomen, w/
jointed appendages
– 3 Well developed brains and nervous systems
Arthropods: Crustaceans
Arthropods: Insects
Arthropods: Arachnids
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
Roundworms
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Echinoderms
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Marine animals
Internal skeleton
Spiny skin
Radially symmetrical
Echinoderms
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Sponges
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Phylum Chordata
Chordates have during some time in
their development:
• 1 notochord
• 2 hollow nerve cord in the back
• 3 pharyngeal pouches (embryonic
structures)
• 4 tail
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Class
Sponges
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Lancets
Tunicates
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Bony Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Lancets (invertebrate)
Tunicates (invertebrate)
Classification
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Class
Sponges
Segmented worms
Molluscs
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Chordates
Lancets
Tunicates
Jawless Fish
Cartilaginous Fish
Vertebrates
Bony Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Vertebrates
• 1 living internal skeleton
• 2 closed circulation
• 3 paired appendages
• 4 efficient breathing and excretion
• 5 highly developed brains
Jawless Fishes-Agnatha (lampreys)
Cartilaginous Fishes-Chondrichthyes
• 3 Types
– Sharks
– Rays
– Skates
• 3 Well developed senses
– electrical
– pressure
– smell
Bony Fishes-Osteichthyes
• Claim to fame:
(most numerous
vertebrate)
• 3 Types
– Perch
– Trout
– Salmon
• 3 Traits
– Bony skeleton
– Scales
– Jaws
Amphibia
• 4 types
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Frogs
Toads
Newts
Salamanders
• 3 traits
– Usually 4 legs
– Usually metamorphose
– Smooth, moist skin
Amphibian Metamorphosis
Reptilia
• 4 types:
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Turtles
Alligators
Snakes
Lizards
• 3 traits
– Usually 4 legs
– Egg with a shell
– Dry, scaly skin
Aves
• Traits:
– Feathers
– Hard-shelled egg
– Usually wings for
flying
• Classification
– Beak type
– Foot type
Birds
• Adaptations for flying
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Wings
Hollow, light bones
Feathers
Sternum
Well-developed heart
Well-developed lungs
Mammalia
• 4 traits
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Mammary glands
Body hair
Warm-blooded
Infant dependency
• 3 types:
– 1 Monotremes
– 2 Marsupials
– 3 Placental
Mammals: Monotremes
• 2 types
– 1 spiny anteater
– 2 duckbilled platypus
• Reproduction:
– Eggs
Mammals: Marsupials
• Location: Australia,
• 4 types:
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1 opossum (here)
2 koala
3 kangaroo
4 Tasmanian wolf
• Reproduction:
– Born very early
– Crawl into a pouch
– Attach to a mammary
gland
Mammals: Placental Mammals
Order: Primates
• Traits:
– 1 opposable thumb
– 2 learned behavior
– 3 big brain
• Family: Hominidae
• Genus: Homo
• Species: Homo sapiens
H.habilis
H.sapiens
Hominids
Homo ergaster
H. heidelbergensis
Australopithecus
afarensis
H. neanderthalensis
H. erectus
A. robustus
Ardipithecus
ramidus
A. africanus
A. boisei
Neanderthals vs. Cro-Magnons
New member of Homo genus repo
• Homo florensiensis
• Small island in Indonesia:
Florens
• Short stature
• Grapefruit sized skull
• Island evolution
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Isolation
Inbreeding
Reduced resources
Limited competition
Get smaller
• Co-existed with modern
humans until 18,000 years ago.
http://www.nature.com/news/specials/flores/index.html
Who are you?
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Domain:
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primata
Hominidae
Homo
sapiens
Eukaryote
Animal
Chordate
Mammal
Primate
Hominid
Human
modern