Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Mertes AP Psych Chapter 12 Reading Guide Personality I. The Nature of Personality (pg. 469-471) Personality: Personality Trait: List 3 personality traits that describe you. Factor Analysis: Robert McCrae and Paul Costa’s Five-Factor Model of Personality (describe each): o Extraversion: o Neuroticism: o Openness to Experience: o Agreeableness: o Conscientiousness: II. Psychodynamic Perspective (pg. 472-481) Psychodynamic Theories: Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory Psychoanalytic Theory: Structure of Personality o Id: Pleasure Principle: o Ego: Reality Principle o Superego: Levels of Awareness o Conscious: o Preconscious: o Unconscious: According to Freud, what are behaviors? Give an example using the id, ego, superego. Why did Freud emphasize sex and aggression? Defense Mechanisms: Defense Mechanism Freudian Defense Mechanisms Definition Example Repression Projection Displacement Reaction Formation Regression Rationalization Identification 2 Describe one recent situation where you have used a defense mechanism. Which one was it? Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development o Psychosexual Stages: o Fixation: 1. Oral Stage o Age range: o Focus: o Key Task: o What happens if fixation occurs? 2. Anal Stage o Age range: o Focus: o Key Task: o What happens if fixation occurs? 3. Phallic Stage o Age range: o Focus: o Key Task: o Oedipal Complex: o What happens if fixation occurs? 4. Latency Stage o Age range: o Focus: o Key Task: 5. Genital Stage o Age range: o Focus: o Key Task: 3 Jung’s Analytical Psychology 2 Layers of Unconscious 1. Personal Unconscious: 2. Collective Unconscious: o Archetypes: Introverts vs. Extroverts Adler’s Individual Psychology Prime goal of life: Striving for Superiority: Compensation: Inferiority Complex: Adler stressed the social context of personality development. An example of this is: Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives What 4 aspects of the Psychdynamic Perspective has research supported? 1. 2. 3. 4. What 3 criticisms do psychologists have about the psychodynamic perspective? 1. 2. 3. 4 III. Behavioral Perspectives (pg. 481-486) Behaviorism: Skinner’s Ideas Applied to Personality According to Skinner, what is a person’s personality? Explain an example of how operant conditioning can shape personality. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory *Remember Bandura conducted did the Bobo Doll Experiment we covered in the learning chapter. How is Bandura’s Theory different from Skinner’s? What does Bandura emphasize? Reciprocal Determinism: Observational Learning: Model: Self-Efficacy: Mischel and the Person-Situation Controversy What did Mischel’s research indicate about situations and consistency of behavior? Evaluating Behavioral Perspectives What 3 criticisms do psychologists have about the behavioral perspective? 1. 2. 3. 5 IV. Humanistic Perspectives (pg. 487-491) Humanism: Phenomenological Approach: Roger’s Person-Centered Theory Self-Concept: List one self-concept you have. Incongruence: According to Rogers, what happens when a child experiences conditional love? Unconditional love? According to Rogers, what causes anxiety? Explain this. What do people do to ward off anxiety? Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization Hierarchy of Needs: Need for Self-Actualization: Self-Actualizing Person: In the space below, draw Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a triangle. Label each space with the need and at least one example of that need. It might be helpful to do this in different colors. 6 Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives What 3 criticisms of the Humanistic Perspective do psychologists point out? 1. 2. 3. V. Biological Perspectives (pg. 491-497) What are Eysenck’s 3 higher-order traits? According to Eysenck, what is personality determined by? What has research in behavioral genetics proven about personality traits? What does the evolutionary approach assert? VI. A Contemporary Empirical Approach: Terror Management Theory (pg. 497-499) Skip this section VII. Culture and Personality (pg. 499-501) What does personality research tentatively suggest about personality traits across cultures? Individualism: Collectivism: What view of self does American culture promote? What view of self do Asian cultures promote? Self-enhancement: VIII. Personal Application: Personality Assessment Strategies (pg. 502-505) Self-Report Inventories: 7 What is the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) originally designed for? What does it measure? What is an advantage to self-report inventories? What are some problems of self-report inventories? Projective Tests: What is the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)? How is it interpreted? What are the advantages to projective tests? What are the disadvantages to projective tests? 8