Download ch 12 personality reading guide

Mertes
AP Psych
Chapter 12 Reading Guide
Personality
I.
The Nature of Personality (pg. 469-471)

Personality:

Personality Trait:

List 3 personality traits that describe you.

Factor Analysis:

Robert McCrae and Paul Costa’s Five-Factor Model of Personality (describe each):
o Extraversion:
o Neuroticism:
o Openness to Experience:
o Agreeableness:
o Conscientiousness:
II.
Psychodynamic Perspective (pg. 472-481)
 Psychodynamic Theories:
Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory
 Psychoanalytic Theory:

Structure of Personality
o Id:

Pleasure Principle:
o Ego:

Reality Principle
o Superego:

Levels of Awareness
o Conscious:
o Preconscious:
o Unconscious:

According to Freud, what are behaviors? Give an example using the id, ego, superego.

Why did Freud emphasize sex and aggression?

Defense Mechanisms:
Defense Mechanism
Freudian Defense Mechanisms
Definition
Example
Repression
Projection
Displacement
Reaction Formation
Regression
Rationalization
Identification
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
Describe one recent situation where you have used a defense mechanism. Which one was it?

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
o Psychosexual Stages:
o Fixation:
1. Oral Stage
o Age range:
o Focus:
o Key Task:
o What happens if fixation occurs?
2. Anal Stage
o Age range:
o Focus:
o Key Task:
o What happens if fixation occurs?
3. Phallic Stage
o Age range:
o Focus:
o Key Task:
o Oedipal Complex:
o What happens if fixation occurs?
4. Latency Stage
o Age range:
o Focus:
o Key Task:
5. Genital Stage
o Age range:
o Focus:
o Key Task:
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Jung’s Analytical Psychology
 2 Layers of Unconscious
1. Personal Unconscious:
2. Collective Unconscious:
o Archetypes:

Introverts vs. Extroverts
Adler’s Individual Psychology
 Prime goal of life: Striving for Superiority:

Compensation:

Inferiority Complex:

Adler stressed the social context of personality development. An example of this is:
Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives
 What 4 aspects of the Psychdynamic Perspective has research supported?
1.
2.
3.
4.

What 3 criticisms do psychologists have about the psychodynamic perspective?
1.
2.
3.
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III.
Behavioral Perspectives (pg. 481-486)

Behaviorism:
Skinner’s Ideas Applied to Personality

According to Skinner, what is a person’s personality?

Explain an example of how operant conditioning can shape personality.
Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
*Remember Bandura conducted did the Bobo Doll Experiment we covered in the learning chapter.

How is Bandura’s Theory different from Skinner’s? What does Bandura emphasize?

Reciprocal Determinism:

Observational Learning:

Model:

Self-Efficacy:
Mischel and the Person-Situation Controversy
 What did Mischel’s research indicate about situations and consistency of behavior?
Evaluating Behavioral Perspectives
 What 3 criticisms do psychologists have about the behavioral perspective?
1.
2.
3.
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IV. Humanistic Perspectives (pg. 487-491)
 Humanism:
 Phenomenological Approach:
Roger’s Person-Centered Theory
 Self-Concept:
 List one self-concept you have.
 Incongruence:
 According to Rogers, what happens when a child experiences conditional love? Unconditional
love?
 According to Rogers, what causes anxiety? Explain this.
 What do people do to ward off anxiety?
Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization
 Hierarchy of Needs:
 Need for Self-Actualization:
 Self-Actualizing Person:
 In the space below, draw Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as a triangle. Label each space with the
need and at least one example of that need. It might be helpful to do this in different colors.
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Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives
 What 3 criticisms of the Humanistic Perspective do psychologists point out?
1.
2.
3.
V.
Biological Perspectives (pg. 491-497)

What are Eysenck’s 3 higher-order traits?

According to Eysenck, what is personality determined by?

What has research in behavioral genetics proven about personality traits?

What does the evolutionary approach assert?
VI.
A Contemporary Empirical Approach: Terror Management Theory (pg. 497-499)
Skip this section 
VII. Culture and Personality (pg. 499-501)

What does personality research tentatively suggest about personality traits across cultures?

Individualism:

Collectivism:

What view of self does American culture promote?

What view of self do Asian cultures promote?

Self-enhancement:
VIII. Personal Application: Personality Assessment Strategies (pg. 502-505)
 Self-Report Inventories:
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 What is the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) originally designed for?
What does it measure?

What is an advantage to self-report inventories?
 What are some problems of self-report inventories?
 Projective Tests:
 What is the TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)? How is it interpreted?
 What are the advantages to projective tests?
 What are the disadvantages to projective tests?
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