Download the effects of exercise

THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE
ALL MUST– know and understand the basic
short and long term effects of exercise on the
different body systems
MOST SHOULD – be able to describe the short
and long term effects of exercise
SOME MIGHT – be able to explain the effects
and identify links/relationships
White board task
Task 1
What do you think is meant by the following terms:
1. Blood pressure
2. Heart rate
3. Stroke volume
4. Cardiac output
Extension
How do you think the 3 might be linked?
What is Blood pressure?
Blood pressure – how hard the heart is
working to push blood through the
vessels.
Normal blood pressure is 120/80 at rest.
What factors might affect an
individual’s blood pressure?
Age.
Gender
Stress
Diet
Exercise
Heart rate is the number of times your heart
beats every minute. Measured in beats per
minute (b.p.m).
Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped
out of the ventricles per beat.
Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped
out of the ventricles of the heart per minute.
Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying the
stroke volume by the heart rate:
cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate
Video task - revision
Focus on:
Resting heart rate
Recovery rate
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/
appliedanatomy/circulatory/0_anatomy_circulat
orysys_act.shtml
Unfit, Average, trained performer
Comparing the efficiency of the heart for
different performers.
White board task.
1. How might their resting heart rates differ?
2. How might recovery rate differ?
3. How might stroke volume and cardiac output
differ?
Effects of exercise on the body
systems
When we start to exercise many
changes occur within each body
system. These are called the short
term or immediate effects of
exercise.
Changes or adaptations will also
occur in each body system if we
exercise regularly or train over a
period of time e.g. weeks/months.
These are called the long term
effects of exercise.
Short term effects of exercise circulatory
Circulatory system
To keep the body supplied with what it needs, during exercise the
heart beats faster and with greater force.
This means that the heart rate and stroke volume increase.
What do you think happens to the cardiac output?
Blood pressure increases so the blood flows faster
Increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the working
muscles
Vasodilation occurs in vessels leading to the muscles (widening of
the vessels to allow more blood through)
Vasoconstriction (narrowing) of the vessels leading to the organs
e.g. stomach
Short term effects of exercise - respiration
Muscular system
• Increase in respiration at the working muscles
• More O2 and glucose are used
Respiratory system
• Increase in breathing rate and tidal volume
Other effects
• Body temperature increases
• Blood flow to the skin increases
• Skin becomes hot
• Sweating increases
Long term benefits of exercise
Circulatory system
The heart gets larger (hypertrophy)
The muscular wall becomes thicker and
stronger
Stroke volume at rest increases, leading to a
lower resting heart rate.
Additionally:
1. Increase in red blood cells
2. Quicker recovery rate following exercise
3. Lowered blood pressure
4. Higher stroke volume = increased Cardiac Output
Long term benefits of exercise
Respiratory system
• Diaphragm and intercostal muscles get stronger
• Increase in capillaries around the alveoli
• Faster gaseous exchange
• Increase in vital capacity (amount you breath in)
Skeletal and muscular systems
• Muscles use O2 more efficiently
• Increase in capillaries around the muscles
• Larger & stronger muscles (hypertrophy)
• Bones, Ligaments and Tendons get stronger