Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Management of acute coronary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Heart failure wikipedia , lookup
Electrocardiography wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
THE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ALL MUST– know and understand the basic short and long term effects of exercise on the different body systems MOST SHOULD – be able to describe the short and long term effects of exercise SOME MIGHT – be able to explain the effects and identify links/relationships White board task Task 1 What do you think is meant by the following terms: 1. Blood pressure 2. Heart rate 3. Stroke volume 4. Cardiac output Extension How do you think the 3 might be linked? What is Blood pressure? Blood pressure – how hard the heart is working to push blood through the vessels. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 at rest. What factors might affect an individual’s blood pressure? Age. Gender Stress Diet Exercise Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats every minute. Measured in beats per minute (b.p.m). Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles per beat. Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricles of the heart per minute. Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate: cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate Video task - revision Focus on: Resting heart rate Recovery rate http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/pe/ appliedanatomy/circulatory/0_anatomy_circulat orysys_act.shtml Unfit, Average, trained performer Comparing the efficiency of the heart for different performers. White board task. 1. How might their resting heart rates differ? 2. How might recovery rate differ? 3. How might stroke volume and cardiac output differ? Effects of exercise on the body systems When we start to exercise many changes occur within each body system. These are called the short term or immediate effects of exercise. Changes or adaptations will also occur in each body system if we exercise regularly or train over a period of time e.g. weeks/months. These are called the long term effects of exercise. Short term effects of exercise circulatory Circulatory system To keep the body supplied with what it needs, during exercise the heart beats faster and with greater force. This means that the heart rate and stroke volume increase. What do you think happens to the cardiac output? Blood pressure increases so the blood flows faster Increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the working muscles Vasodilation occurs in vessels leading to the muscles (widening of the vessels to allow more blood through) Vasoconstriction (narrowing) of the vessels leading to the organs e.g. stomach Short term effects of exercise - respiration Muscular system • Increase in respiration at the working muscles • More O2 and glucose are used Respiratory system • Increase in breathing rate and tidal volume Other effects • Body temperature increases • Blood flow to the skin increases • Skin becomes hot • Sweating increases Long term benefits of exercise Circulatory system The heart gets larger (hypertrophy) The muscular wall becomes thicker and stronger Stroke volume at rest increases, leading to a lower resting heart rate. Additionally: 1. Increase in red blood cells 2. Quicker recovery rate following exercise 3. Lowered blood pressure 4. Higher stroke volume = increased Cardiac Output Long term benefits of exercise Respiratory system • Diaphragm and intercostal muscles get stronger • Increase in capillaries around the alveoli • Faster gaseous exchange • Increase in vital capacity (amount you breath in) Skeletal and muscular systems • Muscles use O2 more efficiently • Increase in capillaries around the muscles • Larger & stronger muscles (hypertrophy) • Bones, Ligaments and Tendons get stronger