Download Research Paper for BASI Comprehensive Teacher

Research Paper for BASI Comprehensive
Teacher Training course
Round Shoulder Syndrome
Michiko Goda
June 2014 - October 2014
Melbourne, Australia
ABSTRACT
Round shoulder syndrome is the most noticeable postural malformation of
body posture. It has been named poking chin posture , slouched posture and
forward head posture . The posture becomes apparent from teenage years
and becomes aggravated with ageing. Females commonly have more intensive
problems than males. The syndrome is as known corporate syndrome or
student syndrome because people tend to lean on surfaces for excessive
periods of time. People who read and/or sit at desks for long period also
exhibit these problems.
Poor posture is manifest in a number of symptoms, which later enquiries to
clinical intervention. The symptoms associated with poor posture include pain
between scapulae, upper back pain, neck pain, numbness, tingling of the
fingers, headaches and shoulder pain. Pain which has its origins in the
shoulders may extend the head, neck, chest, or arms. Furthermore, posture
problems lead to a constricting of the ribs during breathing as well as a
prevention of oxygen being passed into the bloodstream.
This research paper focuses on round shoulder and how to prevent getting
worse, restore muscle balance and obtain an individual alignment by using
BASI Block System.
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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
ANATOMY ……………………………………………………………………………………………
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INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………… 8
CASE STUDY ………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
BASI BLOCK SYSTEM …………………………………………………………………………… 11
CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………………………… 15
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………………………………… 17
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ANATOMY
The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the entire human body which
consists of the junction the clavicle, the scapulae, and the humerus. Generally,
the shoulder is thought of as a single joint, actually it consists of two different
joints - the glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joint. These two joints
combine to allow the arm to rotate in a circular axis around the shoulder and
also allow the arm to swing freely in the air at a 360 degree axis.
The glenohumeral joint, a multiaxial synovial ball and socket joint, includes
articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the
scapula. The humerus and scapulae are located in the strict limitation of the
boundary surface that allows the possibility of a wide range of movement.
This glenohumeral articulation is the crux of the shoulder joint.
The acromioclavicular joint consists of an articulation between the acromion
process of the scapula and the lateral end of the clavicle. This interface is in a
flat shape that acts as a gliding joint and giving the shoulder joint extra
mobility. If there was just the glenohumeral joint, shoulder would not be
flexible.
Even though both of these joints work together with muscle attachments and
extensive ligaments, various types of pressure can be more likely to debilitate
the shoulder.
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Shoulder muscles connect to the head, the neck, and the torso area as well as
to the upper extremities of the hands and the arms. The musculature system
of the shoulder is complicated in structure. The shoulder consists of a large
number of muscle groups, from prime mover muscles to smaller stabiliser
muscles. Three groups of muscles in the shoulder area consist of:
1. Muscles of scapula stabilization
Muscles of scapula stabilization connect scapulae to surrounding bones
(head, spine and ribcage) with no direct connection to humerus. The
primary function is to stabilize or move scapulae consonant to the needs of
the arm. These muscles consist of Trapezius, Rhomboids, Levator scapulae,
Pectoralis minor and Serratus anterior muscles.
2. Rotator cuff
The rotator cuff is a group of small muscles that connect the scapulae to
the proximal humerus, providing shoulder stability and facilitating subtle
desired mechanics of the shoulder. It comprises of Supraspinatus,
Infraspinatus, Teres minor and Subscapularis.
3. Large shoulder muscles
Large shoulder muscles produce gross movements of the arm. These
muscles involve Pectoralis major, Deltoids, Latissimus dorsi and Teres major.
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INTRODUCTION
It is believed that up to 73% of the general people are influenced by round
shoulder posture and general problems. This poor posture contributes to
pain between scapulae.
Round shoulders are commonly the result of stooping. Progressively stooping
can tense the muscles between scapulae and can lead to upper back pain.
While slouching, the natural forward curve of the neck is accentuated which
can contribute to neck pain. When sitting, it is easy to stoop.
Round shoulders also squeeze the diaphragm which results in shallow
breathing. Inadequate posture produces inadequate breathing and sufficient
processing of oxygen. Intake of sufficient oxygen prevents stress from
developing in the muscles, especially the muscles of the back and the neck, as
well as helps to relax muscles. Strained muscles generally lead to neck pain
and back pain.
It is said that for each added inch in which the head droops forward
unnecessarily forward of the shoulders, 10 pounds are weighted upon the
head and shoulders. For example, an unnecessary forward drooping of 3
inches forward for a 12-pound head will increase weight by 42 pounds.
The human body has two natural curves at the cervical and the lumbar
sections, which act as shock absorbers for the body. This neutral spine
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position produces ideal alignment and efficient posture. Good spinal alignment
results in less stress on the spine and creates more economical muscular
contraction.
When the person leans forward, the weight of the upper body also shifts
forward. It causes spinal curves to become exaggerated and then it will
require the muscles to keep or maintain this position. This position
contributes to a system of imbalance or anomalous stress on the
musculoskeletal system.
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CASE STUDY
Name of Trainee/Client: Mei-Chen Li (Amy)
Age: 24
Limitation: Typical round shoulder syndrome, but no serious limitations on
bodily movements
Lifestyle: University student. Concentrated daily use of computers
Pilates Level: Fundamental/Intermediate
Focus divination and correction
Forward head
- Identify current posture and gain efficient breath
Elevated arm
- Develop scapula and shoulder stabilization and relax shoulder
Flexion of thoracic spine
- Strengthening the thoracic extensors
Excessive backward tilting of pelvis
- Strengthening the hip flexors and gain pelvic-lumbar stabilization
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BASI BLOCK SYSTEM
Warm Up (Mat)
Breathing and Pelvic tilt (Supine or Sitting Position)
Pelvic curl
Spine twist supine
Hundred prep
Double leg stretch
Single leg stretch
Criss cross
Roll up
Function
- Prepare the body for the work, both physically and mentally
- Gain effective Breath
- Strengthen hip flexors by Double leg stretch, Single leg stretch and Criss
cross
Foot Work (Reformer)
Parallel Heels
Parallel Toes
V Position
Open V Heels
Open V Toes
Calf Raises
Prances
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Single Leg Heels
Single Leg Toes
Function
- Devoted to the lower limbs and pelvic-lumbar stabilization
Abdominal Work (Reformer)
Hundred Prep
Coordination
Function
- Develop the abdominal muscles and pelvic-lumbar stabilization
Hip Work (Reformer)
Frog
Circles (Down, Up)
Extended Frog
Extended Frog Reverse
Function
- Control of the hip joint
- Develop pelvic-lumber stabilization
Spinal Articulation (Reformer)
Short spine
Function
- Devoted to spinal mobility and develop control of the trunk muscles
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Full Body Integration Fundamental/Intermediate (Reformer)
Scooter
Down Stretch
Function
- Develop trunk and shoulder stabilization
Arm Work (Reformer)
Extension
Adduction
Up Circles
Down Circles
Triceps
Function
- Mobility and strength for shoulder muscles and trunk
- Develop scapular stabilization
Leg Work (Wunda Chair)
Leg Press Standing
Function
- Strengthen for lower body
- Develop balance
Lateral Flexion/Rotation (Wunda Chair)
Side Stretch
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Function
- Strengthen the abdominal muscles particularly the obliques and the
lateral flexors
- Expand ribcage
Back Extension (Wunda Chair)
Swan Basic
Back Extension Single Arm
Function
- Strengthen the back extensors
- Develop scapular stabilization
- Emphasize abdominal control
Cool Down
Roll-down
Function
- Develop articulation of the spine
- Stretch the back extensors
- Improve control of the abdominals and back extensors
- Align the body and focus the mind
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CONCLUSION
Unfortunately, people tend to only do what they enjoy, with what they
generally feel good at or comfortable with. People who spend a lot of time
using computers or driving motor vehicles develop round shoulders. It often
results in bodily imbalances that directly or indirectly lead to injuries and
common postural deviation, such as round shoulder syndrome and stooping
of the back.
These imbalances can cause negative results in everyday activities,
occupation, physical injuries, surgery, skeletal structure or simple habitual
movement patterns.
The Pilates program as outlined in this research paper has resulted in
successful improvement of the shoulder, improved clavicle and chest
openness, scapula depression and adduction as well as in the fitness level of
the trainee. Hence, it is no doubt that as a result of participation in the Pilates
session, the optimal shoulder position has been largely restored. Full
optimisation of the ideal shoulder position still, however, requires further
training with this client. Muscle imbalance and bodily posture can be
prevented from deviation through Pilates. People who have round shoulders
may not regain their ideal shoulders and spinal alignment. Participation in the
Pilates sessions, however, results in an improvement in shoulders and spinal
alignment.
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Through this case study, it can be seen that the Pilates program has positive
effects on the client s physical and mental well-being. Pilates has both
psychical and mental benefits to the client. The Pilates principal of awareness,
balance, control, efficiency, precision and harmony can create good outcomes
on the clients who have the similar conditions as the client, Amy.
It has become apparent during the research session that both the client and I
became more conscious of effective bodily movement as well as the need to
maintain good posture in our Pilates session and in daily life.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BASI Study Guide Comprehensive Course 2000 - 2013
PILATES Anatomy:Real Isacowit & Karen Clippinger, Human Kinetics
Publishing 2011
Pilates: Rael Isacowit, Human Kinetics Publishing 2006
Griegel-Morris P, Larson K, Mueller-Klaus K, Oatis CA. (1992). Incidence of
Common Postural Abnormalities in the Cervical, Shoulder, and Thoracic
Regions and their Association with Pain in Two Age Groups of Healthy
Subjects. Physical Therapy. 72 (6), 425‒431. (ROUND SHOULDERS)
Good Posture Habits. (n.d.)Retrieved on march 14th 2010 from http://
www.bigbackpain.com/posture.html (ROUND SHOULDERS)
http://www.yogaback.com/images/Figure%2022_mod.jpg
http://seancochran.com/rotator-cuff-pitching/
http://www.lucilleroberts.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/backmuslces-labelled.png
http://www.cityedgephysio.com.au/how-your-shoulder-works_files/
stacks_image_446.jpg
http://thesteadmanclinic.com/glenohumeral/overview.asp
http://www.innerbody.com/image/skel17.html
http://indymuscletherapy.com
http://whatsyourposture.com.au
http://faculty.mdc.edu/cvizoso/8-Lab%20%20Axial%20and%20Appendicular
%20Muscles%20-%20Chapter%2015_files/frame.html
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