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Transcript
Get Up On It Oxycodone Oxycodone Oxycodone is in a group of drugs known as opioids or narcotic analgesic pain relievers. It is a drug available in liquid, tablet and capsule form used to medically relieve moderate to severe short term and long term pain. It reduces pain by working on the central nervous system and changing the way the brain and nervous system responds to pain. Oxycodone is the active ingredient in prescription drugs such as Percocet®, Endocet®, Roxicet ®Tylox ® and Percodan®, which are combined with acetaminophen and aspirin as short acting pain relievers. Other short acting oxycodone tablets are Supeudol® and Oxy IR® which contain 5, 10 or 20 mg of oxycodone. The most recently produced drug, Oxycontin® contains 10 to 80 mg of pure oxycodone. It is a long acting, timereleased tablet used to treat people who need regularly scheduled doses of pain medication over a period of time. It is commonly used to control the pain associated with cancer. On the street, Oxycontin® is chewed or crushed in order to inhale or inject it. The oxycodone is absorbed quickly, creating a euphoric high. It increases the chemical, dopamine in the brain, which is linked to pleasure. Street names include, Oxy, OC or Hillbilly Heroin. Oxycodone based drugs are made legally by pharmaceutical companies and are available by prescription. When these drugs are taken as prescribed by a physician over a short period of time, they can be safe and effective. Effects • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • intense sense of well being, pleasure (euphoria) extreme sense of relaxation confusion drowsiness, sedation dizziness, light headedness pinpoint pupils, blurred vision dry mouth nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite headache itching sweating anxiety, depression decreased breathing and heart rate seizures loss of consciousness, coma Long Term Effects • • • • • • • • • • • weight loss, malnutrition irritability, moodiness blurred vision, reduced night vision constipation menstrual irregularities lung problems low sex drive, sexual problems depression poor concentration pain sensitivity, body is unable to make natural painkillers, small pains seem severe death Whenever injected drugs are used with shared needles, there is an increased risk of bacterial and viral infections such as hepatitis and HIV (the virus that causes AIDS). Oxycodone and Addiction Regular oxycodone use can be psychologically (the individual feels they need it) addictive and physically addictive (the individual’s body needs it). Tolerance develops rapidly with regular oxycodone use, which means a person requires a greater amount of the drug to get the same effects or high. Oxycodone and Withdrawal When oxycodone use is stopped, strong persistent cravings for the drug are experienced. Withdrawal symptoms include hot/cold sweats, uncontrollable coughing, yawning, sneezing, nasal discharge, muscle pain and spasms, insomnia, diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, sweating, chills, fever, tremors, increased blood pressure and heart rate, anxiety, depression, restlessness and irritability. Within four or five hours after the last dose, withdrawal symptoms may appear and become stronger after 36 to 72 hours, usually lasting 7 to 10 days. It may take 6 months or longer for withdrawal to subside completely. Oxycodone and Treatment In Newfoundland and Labrador, drug treatment primarily focuses on supporting an individual to achieve a drug free lifestyle with improving quality of life as the primary goal. The treatment may focus on abstinence goals or reducing the harms and risks associated with alcohol, other drug use and gambling. Treatment options include individual counseling, group therapy, detoxification, inpatient treatment, day treatment, drug therapy (methadone) and self help groups. Finding the best option for individuals often requires a combination of approaches. Oxycodone, Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Oxycodone during pregnancy, may affect the fetus. It is recommended women not use oxycodone during pregnancy. If the mother is being treated for chronic pain, she may wish to explore other, safer options, such as methadone. Oxycodone may increase the risk of miscarriage, premature delivery and complications during delivery. The infant may have low birth weight, difficulty breathing, be extremely drowsy or experience withdrawal symptoms. There is little known about the long term effects of oxycodone during pregnancy. It is also advised for mothers not to use oxycodone when breastfeeding. The drug enters the breast milk and can be passed along to the nursing child. Expectant and nursing mothers should consult with their doctor, even if the drug has been prescribed. Oxycodone and the Law It is not illegal to use oxycodone when prescribed by a physician. However, according to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, it is illegal to obtain prescribed painkillers such as Perocet® or Oxycontin® without an authorized prescription. It is also illegal to obtain any prescription drug containing a narcotic without notifying the physician that you have received a similar prescription within the last 30 days. Possessing and selling oxycodone for the purpose of trafficking is a criminal offense. Sources Drugs & Drug Abuse: A Reference Text-3rd Ed, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1998. Effects Series: Opioids, Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse commission, 2007. Fact Sheet – Misuse and Abuse of Oxycodone-based Prescription Drugs, Health Canada, 2004. Fact Sheet: Oxycontin, Canadian Centre of Substance Abuse, 2006. Is it Safe for My Baby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2003. Oxycodone, 20/20 Parenting, 2008. Straight Talk: Oxycontin, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2007. Straight Facts About Drugs and Drug Abuse, Health Canada, 2000. Permission is granted to photocopy or cite this publication, provided the source is identified. For additional information and services contact the Mental Health and Addictions Program with your local Regional Health Authority or go online at: www.addictionhelpnl.ca or www.getuponit.ca. 2009