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TYPES OF TRANSLATION
Interpretation
*
Consecutive
* Simultaneous
(conference)
Translation
• Literary (artistic)
• Technical (law, medicine,
military, etc)
Diachronical
LITERARY TRANSLATION
The impossibility of literal translation
A collection of words and phrases can sometimes take on completely unexpected
meanings. Moreover, literary translation also has the problem of having a lot of words
that may not be translated at all, and therefore the translator has to select suitable
combinations of words in the target language.
A translator performing literary translation should be aware of the peculiarities and
problems of literary translation and know the ways to solve them. Moreover, the
translator must have a quick wit, a broad outlook, a large vocabulary and some
literary talent.
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ence.com%2Fliterary-translation-and-its-features%2F&source_ve_path=Mjg2NjY&feature=emb_logo
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Domestication
Foreignization
Доместикация и форенизация — это переводческие стратегии,
определяемые на основании того, в какой степени переводчик
стремится приблизить текст к нормам принимающей культуры.
Сближение текста с
реципирующей культурой и
реальностью
Передача самобытности
оригинала во всей ее
полноте
Локальная стратегия
Глобальная
стратегия
Транскрипция/транслитерация
Полукалькирование/калькирование
Форенизация
Экспликация (Описательный перевод)
Родовидовая замена
Приближенный перевод (уподобление)
Опущение
Доместикация
TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATIONS
Добавления (additions) I saw a face… Я увидел лицо человека….
Опущения (omissions) He opened his eyes Он открыл глаза
Конкретизация (сужение) (concretization)There was a vase …(стояла)
Генерализация (расширение) (generalization) He ordered a daiquiri (коктейль)
Смысловое развитие (модуляция) (meaning extension) She answered the
phone (подняла трубку)
Метонимическая замена (metonymic translation) …Moscow (правительство)
Антонимический перевод (antonymic translation) It’s not very good. Плохо
Экспликация (описательный перевод) (descriptive translation)
Компенсация (loss-of-meaning compensation)
Грамматические замены (transpositions) …a poor swimmer (плохо плавает
Объединение предложений (sentence integration)
Членение предложений (sentence fragmentation)
Целостное преобразование (integral transformation) Well done! Молодец!
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Эпитет (epithet [ˈepɪθet]) silvery laugh
Сравнение (simile [ˈsɪməli]) I wandered lonely as a cloud
Гипербола (hyperbole [haɪˈpɜː(r)bəli]) I’ve told you it a thousand times
Литота (litotes [ˈlaɪtəʊtiːz]) a cat-sized horse
Перифраз (periphrasis [pəˈrɪfrəsɪs]) The big man upstairs hears your prayers.
Эвфемизм (euphemism [ˈjuːfəˌmɪzəm]) Speech and hearing impaired
Оксюморон (oxymoron [ˌɒksiˈmɔːrɒn]) The suffering was sweet!
Зевгма (zeugma [ˈzjuːɡmə]) She lost her bag and mind.
Метафора (metaphor [ˈmetəfɔː(r)]) A shadow of a smile
Метонимия (metonymy [meˈtɒnəmi]) The hall applauded.
Синекдоха (synecdoche [sɪnˈekdəki]) The buyer chooses the qualitative
products.
Антономазия (antonomasia [ˌantənəˈmeɪzɪə]) The Iron Lady
FIGURES OF SPEECH
Инверсия (inversion [ɪnˈvɜː(r)ʃ(ə)n]) Rude am I in my speech.
Повторение (repetition [ˌrepəˈtɪʃ(ə)n]) I don't want to hear this! I don't want
to hear what you've come for.
Анадиплоcис (anadiplosis [ˌænədəˈpləʊsɪs]) I was climbing the tower and
the stairs were trembling. And the stairs were trembling under my feet.
Эпифора (epiphora [ɪˈpɪf(ə)rə]) Strength is given to me by fate. Luck is given
to me by fate. And failures are given by fate.
Анафора/Единоначатие (anaphora [əˈnaf(ə)rə]) What the hammer? What
the chain? In what furnace was thy brain?
Полисиндетон/Многосоюзие (polysyndeton [ˌpɒli:ˈsɪndɪtɒn]) By the time
he had got all the bottles and dishes and knives and forks and glasses and plates
and spoons and things piled up on big trays, he was getting very hot
Антитеза/Противопоставление (antithesis [ænˈtɪθəsɪs] Youth is lovely,
age is lonely, youth is fiery, age is frosty.
TECHNICAL TRANSLATION
Specific use of terms truss, fairy, scud (подсед), grain break
(отдушистость), prune, chain, longitudinal beam, yoke, ferroprobe
Abbreviations EC, SPTA, УПК, GP, ENT, MRI
Professional slang реглонить, sandwich panels
Neologisms anti-masker, covidiot, workation
The main task of a translator of technical documentation is to convey the
meaning of the original as accurately as possible. Legal or technical
documentation contains a lot of nuances that affect the lexical meaning.
They cannot be omitted or distorted. Just one mistake in terminology
and concepts can completely change the meaning of the text.