Download Chapter 7 Noli-LECTURE (1) (1)

The
Creation of
Noli Me
Tangere
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January 1884 Rizal suggested the creation
of the book to his fellow Filipino
companions.
January 2, 1884 Rizal explained that his
plan is did not materialize thus, the
gentlemen refused to help Rizal because
they are interested in gambling and flirting
with Spanish women.
Rizal decided to write the novel in Madrid
alone towards the latter part of the same
year & finished about half of it in the city.
When he left for France in 1885, he had
written ¾ of the novel in Paris
April to June 1886, he had penned the last
few chapters of Noli.
Finally, It was completed in Berlin,
Germany at the end of 1886.
And at the onset of 1887, the final draft
was ready for publication.
 While finishing the last draft of Noli, he had apprehensions that it might
not be published.
 One, because he had insufficient money to have it printed.
 But a friend of Rizal arrived in Berlin to invite him on a Europe Tour.
 His name is Dr. Maximo Viola, he helped Rizal by delaying his tour to
Europe & lending Rizal Php300 to publish the Noli.
 Despite getting the money Rizal thought of deleting some chapters in the
novel to save on the printing costs.
 The deleted Chapter 25 entitled “Elias and Salome”.
 The money that Viola lent to Rizal was used to print the first 2000 copies
of Noli.
WHO IS DR. MAXIMA
VIOLA?
• He is Rizal’s friend from
a rich family of San
Miguel, Bulacan
• The one who financed
the printing of the novel
giving Rizal P300.00
• He was dubbed in the
Philippine history as the
“Savior of the Noli.”
• Rizal described Viola as
the “first to read and
appreciate Rizal’s
work”.
DESCRIPTION
o Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere was
written in Spanish & pulished in 1887.
o Being influenced by Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Rizal
wanted to publish a book that would
play a crucial role in the political
history of the country.
o Noli Me Tangere, which means
“touch me not” in Latin is the first
trilogy about the history of the
Philippines.
o It has 63 chapters & an epilogue.
The Noli was dedicated to
the country whose
miseries & sorrows were
brought to light in an
attempt to awaken its
people to the truths
concerning the ills of the
society during that time.
“Noli me Tangere” is a known Latin phrase
that has a biblical connection meaning, “touch
me not”.
This phrase was spoken by
Jesus to Mary Magdalene after
he was resurrected, and was
in fact recorded in John
20:17: “Touch me not, for I
am not yet ascended to my
Father”.
Noli Me
Tangere’s
objectives:
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to defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of
foolishness and lack of knowledge;
to show how the Filipino people lives during Spanish
colonial period and the cries and woes of his countrymen
against abusive officials;
to discuss what religion and belief can really do to
everyday lives; and
to expose the cruelties, graft, and corruption of the false
government at honestly show the wronged.
Noli in a brief summary
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra is a young Filipino who, after studying
for seven years in Europe, returns to his native land to find that
his father, a wealthy landowner, has died in prison as the result
of a quarrel with the parish curate, a Franciscan friar named
Padre Damaso. Ibarra is engaged to a beautiful and
accomplished girl, Maria Clara, the supposed daughter and only
child of the rich Don Santia
Ibarra resolves to forego all quarrels and to work for the
betterment of his people. To show his good intentions, he seeks
to establish, at his own expense, a public school in his native
town. He meets with ostensible support from all, especially
Padre Damaso’s successor, a young and gloomy Franciscan
named Padre Salvi, for whom Maria Clara confesses to an
instinctive dread.
At the laying of the cornerstone for the new schoolhouse, a
suspicious accident, apparently aimed at Ibarra’s life, occurs, but
the festivities proceed until the dinner, where Ibarra is grossly
and wantonly insulted over the memory of his father by Fray
Damaso. The young man loses control of himself and is about to
kill the friar, who is saved by the intervention of Maria Clara.
Ibarra is excommunicated, and Capitan Tiago, through his fear
of the friars, is forced to break the engagement and agree to the
marriage of Maria Clara with a young and inoffensive Spaniard
provided by Padre Damaso. Obedient to her reputed father’s
command and influenced by her mysterious dread of Padre
Salvi, Maria Clara consents to this arrangement, but becomes
seriously ill, only to be saved by a girlfriend.
On Christmas Eve, at the tomb of the Ibarras in a gloomy wood, Elias
appears, wounded and dying, to find there a boy named Basilio beside
the corpse of his mother, a poor woman who had been driven to insanity
by her husband’s neglect and abuses on the part of the Civil Guard, her
younger son having page disappeared some time before in the convento,
where he was a sacristan. Basilio, who is ignorant of Elias’s identity,
helps him to build a funeral pyre, on which his corpse and the
madwoman’s are to be burned.
Upon learning of the reported death of Ibarra in the chase on the
Lake, Maria Clara becomes disconsolate and begs her supposed
godfather, Fray Damaso, to put her in a nunnery. Unconscious of
her knowledge of their true relationship, the friar breaks down and
confesses that all the trouble he has stirred up with the Ibarras has
been to prevent her from marrying a native, which would condemn
her and
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Commonly called Ibarra, is FilipinoSpanish and the only descendant of
the wealthy Spaniard Don Rafael
Ibarra. He was born and grew up in
the Philippines, but during his
adolescence, spent seven years
studying in Europe.
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Those years prevented him from
knowing what was happening in his
country. When he returned to the
Philippines, he found his father had
died and the corpse was (supposedly)
moved to a Chinese cemetery (but
the body ended up in a river).
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He heard tales of how helpful and
kind his father had been and decided
to honor the memory of his father by
doing as his father did.
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Boyfriend of Maria Clara.
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y
Magsalin
María Clara de los
Santos y Alba
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Is the most dominant yet weakest
representation of women in the setting.
When thinking of Noli, the name of
María Clara can be seen predominantly
as the image of the ideal Filipino
woman.
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Is the primary female character in the
novel.
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She is the daughter of Capitán Tiago and
Doña Pía Alba.
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Is known to be Ibarra's lover since
childhood.
Padre Dámaso
Verdolagas
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Was the former curate of the
parish church of San Diego.
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He was the curate for almost
twenty years before he was
replaced by the much younger
Padre Salvi.
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Was known to be friendly with
the Ibarra family, so much that
Crisóstomo was surprised by
what the former curate had done
to Don Rafaél.
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Described to be a snobbish,
ruthless and judgemental
extrovert.
Eliás
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Came from the family which the
Ibarra clan had oppressed for
generations.
He grew up in a wealthy family
until he discovered something that
changed his life forever.
Despite that Ibarra's family
subjugated his family, he is
entirely indebted towards him.
Ibarra, who in turn, saved Elías'
life when they tried to kill a
crocodile.
Elias helped Ibarra again before
Ibarra got arrested by burning his
house.
Elias and Ibarra continued
supporting each other until Elias
sacrificed himself to help him one
last time.
He was shot by the guards
(mistakenly took as Ibarra trying
to dive down the river and escape)
and slowly died.
Don Rafael Ibarra
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Crisostomo Ibarra’s father
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A great supporter of liberal
education for all and a vocal critic
of the corrupt practices of the
Spanish friars
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He earns the ire of the vitriolic
Fray Damaso who accuses him of
sedition & heresy
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He dies in prison having contracted
pneuomonia
Crispin & Basilio
• Children of Sisa and were the
sacristan and server of San Diego
Church
• Crispin is the younger brother
of Basilio.
• Basilio is a timid boy with large black
eyes—a victim of injustice at a young
age.
• Crispin was falsely accused of
stealing church money by the head
sacristan, who punished him for a
crime he did not commit and
eventually killed him.
Padre Salvi
• A younger, more cunning
Spanish priest who assumes
control over Fr. Damaso’s
post as friar curate of San
Diego.
• He is in many regards more
dangerous that his precursor
as he is a more canny
strategist who know how to
leverage the multiple dirty
little secrets each of the
member of San Diego’s high
society circle has.
Don Santíago de los
Santos / Kapitán Tiago
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Is the only son of a wealthy
trader in Malabon.
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He became a servant of a
Dominican priest.
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assist in the family business of
trading before he met his wife
Doña Pía Alba, who came from
another wealthy family.
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He was also entrenched with the
government because he always
supported tax increases whenever
the local officials wished. That
was the reason he obtained the
title of gobernadorcillo, the
highest government position that
a non-Spaniard could have in the
Philippines.
The Ensign
• The nameless head of the Civil Guard of the township of San
Diego.
• A man of Spanish descent he is in constant bitter feud with
Fr. Salvi as he has come to hate the sly priest’s manipulations.
• Composes curfews that make it all but impossible for the
citizens of San Diego to attend mass at the proper schedule.
• A drunkard & a braggart, he is actually a cuckolded man
married to a fiery, fiesty, and foul-mouthed Filipina, Doña
Consolacion.
Doña Consolacion
• Once a laundry woman who
worked for the town Alferez.
• She became wealthy after
marrying a Spanish husband.
• Despite that they are rivals
with Donya Victorina, they are
somewhat common.
Dr. Tiburcio de Espadaña
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A fraud & a hustler, the Spaniard who calls himself Dr. Tiburcio de
Espadaña was actually a customs officer who was dismissed from
his post shortly after arriving in the Philippines.
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Despite having no medical experience or money he travels to the
countryside to posing as a Dr., charging extortionate fees for his socalled services.
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His patients eventually catch wind of his schemes and he is forced to
relocate to another area where he is all but unknown.
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He finds out that he was in San Diego and as luck would have it the
unfortunate Maria Clara falls ill and he is once again called to resume
his duplicitous medical practice.
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Husband of Doña Victorina.
La Doctora Victorina de los
Reyes de Espadaña
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Is the one who pretended to be a meztisa (a
Spaniard born in the Philippines) and
always dreamed of finding a Spanish
husband, in which she married Don
Tiburcio.
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She was feared by everyone in the town
because of her odd appearance, her ruthless
personality, and her fierce rivalry against
Donya Consolacion.
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She did not like Don Tiburcio. She merely
forced herself to marry him despite having
fallen in love with Kapitan Tiago.
Lt. Guevara
• An elderly lieutenant of the Civil
Guard who deeply respects both
Ibarra and the late Don Rafael.
• Tells Ibarra that he appreciated his
father’s conviction and moral
compass, which went against the
church and Father Dámaso’s
oppressive dominance.
• He is also the one to inform Ibarra
about what exactly happened
between Don Rafael and Father
Dámaso.
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Doctor de Espadaña’s nephew from Spain.
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Linares gives Dámaso a letter—presumably
forged, though this is never made clear—
from his friend that asks him to find the
young man a job and a wife.
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Linares has a law degree and is the most
intelligent member of the de Espadaña
family, a fact that endears him to Doña
Victorina.
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Seeing an opportunity to ensure that his
daughter, María Clara, doesn’t marry the
disgraced Ibarra, Father Dámaso arranges
her engagement to Linares.
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Eager to use Linares as a means of climbing
the social ladder, the family encourages him
to lie to Father Dámaso, telling the priest
that he is the godson of one of the priest’s
close friends.
Linares
The Schoolmaster
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A teacher whom Don Rafael supported, helping him find a house and
enabling him to properly do his job.
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tells Ibarra about the unfortunate circumstances in San Diego
surrounding education, which greatly inhibit the town’s students.
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Because the current classroom is I
n the parish house, the lessons are heavily monitored by the priest.
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tells Ibarra about his experience trying to conduct class when Father
Dámaso was the town’s friar; during this period, Dámaso forbade him from
teaching Spanish even though the government had written a decree that all
students must learn the language.
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Don Filipo is described as “almost liberal” and represents the informal
party of the younger, more open-minded generation.
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Like his followers, he resents the idea that the town should spend great
amounts of money on the yearly festival celebrating the various religious
holidays in November.
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Is married to the man named Pedro
and the mother of Basilio and
Crispín.
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She depicts how Filipino mothers
love their children unquestionably.
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After days when Crispin was held
captive by Mang Tasyo, the owner of
the sacristy, she was arrested, locked
up in the jail.
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One day later, she was pardoned by
the town Alferez and was released.
However, when she returned home,
Basilio was also gone.
When she found Crispin's clothes
soaked with blood, she grew lunatic
as she continues to find her children.
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At the end of the novel, Basilio
grievously mourns for his mother as
he found her dying under the tree.
Sisa
Fr. Sibyla
• A priest serving in the
Binondo district in the
city of Manila, Father
Sibyla serves as a foil to
the otherwise largely
corrupt Father Dámaso
and the perverse Father
Salví as he is rational
and calm.
• is an adept and shrewd
orator who takes
obvious delight in
antagonizing the
pompous Father
Dámaso at Ibarra’s
return party.
The Gravedigger
• A cemetery worker who
exhumes Don Rafael’s
remains upon the insistence
of Fr. Damaso.
• Moved by pity & laziness
he dumps Don Rafael’s
body in the lake seeing it as
a more fitting resting place
for such a respected man.
• Ibarra grills him, anxious
for information about his
father.
SYMBOLISMS IN THE NOLI
O Noli Me Tangere intends to depict the real conditions of the
Fil. life under the Spanish rules.
O Mainly because of the rampant corrupt acts of the Spanish
officials & friars, the way of living of the Filipinos during that
time had been backward, anti – intellectual and anti –
progressive, up to the point that the country was not in any
way catching up on the development of the so – called Age of
Enlightenment.
O Rizal introduced the novel to his friend, Ferdinand
Bluementritt, he wrote, “The novel is the first impartial and
bold account of the life of the Tagalogs.
 The Schoolhouse
More than just an edifice for learning the schoolhouse has
become a symbol of empowerment and freedom.
 Crispin & Basilio
These characters represent the opposite end of the spectrum of
having received education. The suffering they are subjected is
due largely to their ignorant over dependence on the church
 Tinola & betel nut parcels serving at a fancy, formal gathering
Tinola is a thin, rustic soup – like dish made with boiled
chicken, ginger, and unripe papayas served in the Philippines
– common, everyday fare. Betel nut parcels are made of
pepper leaves, sliced betel nuts, and an acrid paste of lime,
typically chewed by rural workers in the Philippines and other
countries in South – East Asia. These items typically
associated with rural austerity and bucolic sensibilities that
aren’t befitting of such a high society gathering.
 Capitan Tiago
Is the in – novel embodiment of the Philippine
government during the Spanish colonial era.
 Elias & Ibarra
Symbolize the two contrasting means by which political
reforms are to be achieved.
 Maria Clara
Symbolizes the nation of the Philippines under Spanish
rule.
 Crisostomo Ibarra
He represents the small group of Filipinos who had a
chance of dreamt of improving the country.
 Father Damaso
Is the reflection of the then rampant covert fathering of
illegitimate children by friars.
 Pilosopo Tasio
Symbolizes those whose ideas were advanced & wise but
are perceived by the uneducated as weird or lunatic.
 Sisa & her sons Crispin & Basilio
They epitomize a Filipino family oppressed by the Spanish
authorities. Sisa symbolizes a typical Filipino mother, fully
– aware of her child’s attributes & willing to defend
him/her no matter what.
 Doña Victorina
Represents some ambitious Filipinas who wanted to be
classified as Spanish, hence the putting on of heavy make –
up.
 Don Tiburcio
Stands for incompetent & unqualified Spaniards who
ilegally practiced their supposed profession in the
Philippines.
Padre Salvi
Represents the seemingly kind but in
fact wicked Spaniards friars.
The School Master of San Diego
Symbolized intellectual disappointment
during Rizal’s time.
Don Rafael Ibarra
Symbolized a rich landlord with a social
conscience.
REACTIONS
TO NOLI
 As expected the Spanish officials and friars were furious by the
contents of the novel Noli Mi Tangere. On the contrary, Rizal's
friends praised and defended his work.
 Even before Rizal went home after the publication of the Noli, his
family had been feeling the blacklash produced by the novel. Using
coded words, Paciano warned Rizal that the spaniards would come
after him; He wote that a "storm" was "threatening Makiling". "It is
only waiting for time", he added.
 During Rizal's first homecoming in 1887, Governor General Emilio
Terrero summoned him to the Malacanang Palace for the reason
that the Archbishop of Manila, Bernardino Nozaleda petitioned to
ban the Noli.
 Furthermore, the governor general asked for the copy but saw
nothing bad in the book. He nonetheless assigned Lt. Jose
Taviel de Andrade of the Guardia Civil to be Rizal's bodyguard
with the fear that the Noli's attackers would harm Jose Rizal.
 Meanwhile, an ad hoc committee of the faculty of the
University of Santo Tomas at the request of Manila's
Archbishop, found and denounced the novel as ecclesiastically
heretical and harmful to the Spanish Government and its
administration in the Philippines that resulted to the prohibition
on the importation, reproduction, and circulation of the book.
 Afterwards, many attackers of the novel appeared including
Jose Rodriguez, an Augustian priest, and in a newspaper in
Madrid wrote by Vicente Berrantes.