Download Kingdom- Classification of Organisms

Kingdom
Animal
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
Kingdom 1– ANIMALS
The animal kingdom contains many phyla. Some of them are:
Vertebrates, Arthropods, Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes.
Animals live all over the world in a wide range of
conditions. However, the easiest way to tell if an
organism is an animal cell is to look under the
microscope. Animal cells NEVER have a cell wall and
they are multicellular.
Also, animals are heterotrophic. This means they must
eat/consume others to survive!
It is not always easy to recognize an animal. For a very long
time, people thought that’s sea anemones were plants, because
they stay in one place and their tentacles look like petals.
Now we know that they are animals.
Kingdom
Plants
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
Kingdom 2 – PLANTS
Plants are multicellular organisms, with cell walls made of cellulose. They
include small organisms such as mosses, ferns and flowering plants.
As you probably already know, there are lots of
different types of plant (and we need to know them for
the Biology IGCSE). The key difference between plants
and all other kingdoms is:
Plants are AUTOTROPHS – this means ‘self feeding’
because they produce their own food. They have
chlorophyll in the leaves to help them do this through
PHOTOSYNTHESIS.
If you look under a microscope you will also see they are
MULTICELLULAR and there will be a CELL WALL. It is
primarily composed of Cellulose
Plants first evolved to live in water but evolved to live on land. Some plant species still
live close to water, such as mosses and algae. But some can survive in the desert!
Kingdom
Fungus/Fungi
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
Kingdom 3 – FUNGUS
For a very long time, fungi were classified as plants. However, they are
very different from plants! Fungi do not have chlorophyll and do not
photosynthesise.
Fungi are important in recycling nutrients from other
dead organisms. They feed on poop, dead animals and
plants
and
also
human
food.
They
are
HETEROTROPHIC – they have to feed on others.
Also important to know:
•Unicellular or Multicellular
•Cell wall present composed mainly of glucans, chitin
and glycoproteins
Fungi can save lives and some can be incredibly toxic!
Humans use fungi to produce antibiotics, make bread
and beer. Some can be poisonous to eat though!
Kingdom
Monera/
Procaryotes
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
Kingdom 4 – PROKARYOTES
A very interesting kingdom – Prokaryotes. You will know them
as BACTERIA. The key feature is:
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. Their DNA is kind of
floating around the cell.
They are Single cells - UNICELLULAR
Prokaryotes do not have any organelles. They will probably
have ribosomes inside of their cells, but:
No chloroplasts. No mitochondria. No nucleus. Not much at all.
One thing they often do have though:
CELL WALL!
•
•
Bacteria have been around for at least 3.5 billion years, making
them the oldest known life-form on the planet.
No escaping them: Your body has 10 times more bacterial cells than
human cells.
Kingdom
Protocits
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
Kingdom 5 – PROTOCISTS
This is the least interesting of the 5 Kingdoms… and the
hardest to talk about.
Protoctists are all single celled organisms (like bacteria)
but unlike bacteria their cells have a nucleus and
organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Some protoctists like Amoeba share many features with
animal cells while others like Chlorella are more plantlike and contain chlorophyll to do photosynthesis.
Seaweed is not a plant?!
No, seaweed is not a plant. Although it
looks like a plant, it's really a type of
algae. Seaweeds are found only in salt
water. They live along ocean coastlines.
Malaria is caused by a protocist called
Plasmodium. One of the biggest killers in
the world!
AM I THE
LIVING
CREATURE?
Kingdom
Virus?
Multi or Uni
Cellular?
Cell Wall
Present?
Other Key Features
Example
Organism
VIRUSES
WARNING: Viruses are not living things. They are not alive because they
can do nothing until they enter a living cell.
Take a look at the flu virus on the right. It
has two main parts you MUST know:
•The protein coat
•The genetic material inside – RNA (not
DNA)
Can you see any of those parts in the Tphage virus above?