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Frameworks for developing good communication skills Alice Wood s8023409 HBD1202 Communication and Dermal Science Victoria University Word Count: 664 In this, the practical implementation of frameworks for developing good communication skills will be explored within a healthcare context. The elements of good patient-clinician communication will be broken down to its fundamentals and explored following the Fundamentals of Care Framework (Kitson et al 2013). This framework will be analysed alongside the definition for patient centred care to explore how it achieves and affirms this level of care through the illustrated cornerstones of good communication. Communication in its basic terms is the study of transfer of meaning (Eunson, 2015) in the context of a healthcare setting, the goal of utilising communication is to ultimately build, support and maintain patient centred care, which is fundamental to the patients’ health and wellbeing. Patient centred care is defined as ‘care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions’ (Hurtado et al 2001). Adhering to this requires an elaborate set of intrapersonal and interpersonal skills, that encompass verbal and nonverbal communication, to overcome the barriers in the patient-clinician communication (PCC). These barriers can limit the conveyance of patient preferences and needs, resulting in poor health outcomes (Pérez-Stable & El-Toukhy, 2018), and or low patient satisfaction. In the clinical setting it is particularly difficult as the provider must detect and interpret patients’ feelings and motivations through their verbal and nonverbal ques in how they affirm or contradict each other and use this for diagnostic purposes (Blanch-Hartigan et al., 2018). From this it can be ascertained that without skilled communication in healthcare settings treatments could not be formulated, informed consent could not be attained, and adverse patient health outcomes would occur. Under the duress of the expectation of facilitating good health outcomes in the face of the elaborate and subjective forms of communication, its can be difficult for practitioners to build patient clinician communication that allows patient centred care. In efforts to help achieve patient centred care, healthcare practices and organisations can implement a framework of communication that provides clear guidelines on what basic standards/elements of communication need to be met, to help build, achieve, and improve the skills required to enhance PCC and patient centred care, as they are positively correlated. In The Fundamentals of Care Framework (Kitson et al 2013) these elements of communication are isolated in a way that simplifies the implementation and development of communication skills. The skills/elements are; focusing, knowing, trusting, anticipating, and evaluating. Focus is illustrated to be important in the surveillance, detection and anticipation of changes in the patients’ state, making it essential in providing good care. Know; being able to understand all the requirements and expectations of the patient to not only deliver care but also maintain a respectful relationship. Trust; demonstrate reliability in the relationship to enable trust, as it opens the avenues for patient empowerment and compliance. Anticipation; not to be confused with assumptions that override the patients position in decision making, but based on regular communication with the patient that puts them at the centre of planning for future actions. Evaluating; both the clinician and the patient should continuously be reviewing the progress of the treatment and/or interaction, providing feedback to each other how things are going, thus opening channels for negotiation that can tailor care (Kitson et al., 2013). These concepts help cut through the confusion easily elicited by the numerous modes of communication and their individual intricacies, and recentre attention on the cornerstones of what comprise good patient clinician communication. Through the implementing of these communication skills and building of a PCC, clinicians can empower their patient’s involvement in their own health (Feo et al., 2017) and thus improve patient outcomes in pain management, disease management, and recovery (Agner & Braun, 2018). Through the evidence provided, illustrating the negative effects of poor communication, in negative health outcomes, and the positive effects of good communication, it can be seen that frameworks such as the one explored can help develop communication skills and thus improve patient outcomes. References Agner, J., & Braun, K. (2018). Patient empowerment: A critique of individualism and systematic review of patient perspectives. Patient Education And Counseling, 101(12), 2054-2064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.026 Blanch-Hartigan, D., Ruben, M., Hall, J., & Schmid Mast, M. (2018). Measuring nonverbal behavior in clinical interactions: A pragmatic guide. Patient Education And Counseling, 101(12), 2209-2218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.013 M. Hurtado, E. Swift, J. Corrigan, Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century, Institute of Medicine, Committee on the National Quality Report on Health Care Delivery.(2001). https://doi.org/10.17226/10073 Feo, R., Rasmussen, P., Wiechula, R., Conroy, T., & Kitson, A. (2017). Developing effective and caring nurse-patient relationships. Nursing Standard, 31(28), 5463. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.2017.e10735 Iqbal, M., Iqbal, Q., Iqbal, S., & Ashraf, S. (2021). Hemodialysis as long term treatment: Patients satisfaction and its impact on quality of life. Pakistan Journal Of Medical Sciences, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.2747 :Kitson, A., Conroy, T., Kuluski, K., Locock, L., & Lyons, R. (2013). Reclaiming and redefining the Fundementals of Care: Nursing's response to meeting patients' basic human needs. The University of Adelaide. Lee, W., Alkureishi, M., Isaacson, J., Mayer, M., Frankel, R., & London, D. et al. (2018). 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