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Relion® 650 series Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Document ID: 1MRK 511 346 Issued: 2015-12-09 Revision: C Product version: 1.0 © Copyright 2015 ABB. All rights reserved Copyright This document and parts thereof must not be reproduced or copied without written permission from ABB, and the contents thereof must not be imparted to a third party, nor used for any unauthorized purpose. The software and hardware described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or disclosed only in accordance with the terms of such license. This product includes software developed by the OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit (http://www.openssl.org/). This product includes cryptographic software written/developed by: Eric Young ([email protected]) and Tim Hudson ([email protected]). This product includes software provided by the jQuery Foundation (http://jquery.org/) and by the Flot project (http://www.flotcharts.org/). Trademarks ABB and Relion are registered trademarks of the ABB Group. Switchsync is a trademark of the ABB Group. All other brand or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. Warranty Please inquire about the terms of warranty from your nearest ABB representative. ABB AB Substation Automation Products SE-721 59 Västerås Sweden Telephone: +46 (0) 21 32 50 00 Facsimile: +46 (0) 21 14 69 18 http://www.abb.com/substationautomation Disclaimer The data, examples and diagrams in this manual are included solely for the concept or product description and are not to be deemed as a statement of guaranteed properties. All persons responsible for applying the equipment addressed in this manual must satisfy themselves that each intended application is suitable and acceptable, including that any applicable safety or other operational requirements are complied with. In particular, any risks in applications where a system failure and/or product failure would create a risk for harm to property or persons (including but not limited to personal injuries or death) shall be the sole responsibility of the person or entity applying the equipment, and those so responsible are hereby requested to ensure that all measures are taken to exclude or mitigate such risks. This document has been carefully checked by ABB but deviations cannot be completely ruled out. In case any errors are detected, the reader is kindly requested to notify the manufacturer. Other than under explicit contractual commitments, in no event shall ABB be responsible or liable for any loss or damage resulting from the use of this manual or the application of the equipment. Conformity This product complies with the directive of the Council of the European Communities on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC Directive 2004/108/EC) and concerning electrical equipment for use within specified voltage limits (Low-voltage directive 2006/95/EC). This conformity is the result of tests conducted by ABB in accordance with the product standard EN 60255-26 for the EMC directive, and with the product standards EN 60255-1 and EN 60255-27 for the low voltage directive. The product is designed in accordance with the international standards of the IEC 60255 series. Safety information Dangerous voltages can occur on the connectors, even though the auxiliary voltage has been disconnected. Non-observance can result in death, personal injury or substantial property damage. Only a competent electrician is allowed to carry out the electrical installation. National and local electrical safety regulations must always be followed. The frame of the IED has to be carefully earthed. Whenever changes are made in the IED, measures should be taken to avoid inadvertent closing or opening of circuit breaker. The IED contains components which are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. ESD precautions shall always be observed prior to touching components. Table of contents Table of contents Section 1 Introduction.......................................................................9 This manual........................................................................................ 9 Intended audience.............................................................................. 9 Product documentation.......................................................................9 Product documentation set............................................................9 Related documents................................................................ 10 Document revision history........................................................... 10 Symbols and conventions.................................................................10 Symbols.......................................................................................10 Document conventions................................................................ 11 Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview.......................................13 Introduction.......................................................................................13 Hardware overview...........................................................................13 Application overview.........................................................................14 Application examples...................................................................14 User interfaces................................................................................. 15 Communication.................................................................................15 PCM600 tool.....................................................................................16 Connectivity packages.................................................................17 Environmental aspects..................................................................... 17 Sustainable development............................................................ 17 Disposing of the IED....................................................................18 Section 3 Application......................................................................19 Introduction.......................................................................................19 Switching targets.............................................................................. 19 Target definitions ........................................................................ 20 Target selection: predefined and user-defined strategies........... 20 Circuit breaker properties............................................................ 21 Optimization of accuracy.................................................................. 22 Parameter compensation............................................................ 22 Adaptive correction......................................................................23 Overall optimization..................................................................... 24 Load applications..............................................................................26 Capacitor bank............................................................................ 27 Reference signals...................................................................27 Energization........................................................................... 27 De-energization...................................................................... 28 Shunt reactor............................................................................... 30 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 1 Table of contents Reference signals...................................................................30 Energization........................................................................... 30 De-energization...................................................................... 31 Power transformer....................................................................... 33 Reference signals...................................................................33 Controlled switching strategies...............................................34 Transmission line and power cable............................................. 37 Reference signals...................................................................37 Energization........................................................................... 38 De-energization...................................................................... 39 System configuration................................................................... 40 Circuit breaker monitoring................................................................ 41 Electrical operations monitoring.................................................. 43 Detection of circuit breaker electrical operation..................... 44 Calculation of interrupter wear............................................... 45 Mechanical operations monitoring...............................................46 Section 4 Installation...................................................................... 49 Unpacking, inspecting and storing....................................................49 Removing transport packaging....................................................49 Inspecting the product................................................................. 49 Identifying the product............................................................ 49 Checking delivery items......................................................... 49 Inspecting the IED.................................................................. 49 Returning an IED damaged in transit..................................... 50 Storing......................................................................................... 50 Checking environmental conditions and mounting space................ 50 Rack mounting the IED.....................................................................50 Arranging ventilation.........................................................................52 Section 5 Hardware interfaces....................................................... 53 Connectors....................................................................................... 53 Physical connections........................................................................ 53 Connecting protective earthing....................................................53 Connecting wires ........................................................................ 54 Connecting to screw-compression type terminals..................55 Inputs................................................................................................55 Measuring inputs......................................................................... 55 Auxiliary supply voltage input...................................................... 56 Binary inputs................................................................................56 Outputs............................................................................................. 58 Outputs for circuit breaker control............................................... 58 Outputs for signalling...................................................................59 IRF...............................................................................................59 2 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Table of contents Communication interfaces................................................................ 60 Ethernet RJ-45 front connection..................................................60 Station communication rear connection ..................................... 61 EIA-485 serial rear connection.................................................... 61 Process bus rear connection ...................................................... 62 Recommended industrial Ethernet switches .............................. 62 Connection diagrams........................................................................62 Section 6 Setting up a project........................................................ 65 PCM600 projects.............................................................................. 65 Installing Connectivity packages...................................................... 65 Installing IED Connectivity package from DVD........................... 65 Installing IED Connectivity package from Update Manager........ 66 Project managing in PCM600...........................................................67 Building a plant structure.................................................................. 68 IEC 61850 naming conventions to identify an IED...................... 69 Inserting an IED................................................................................71 Inserting a configured IED........................................................... 72 Inserting an IED from the template library................................... 73 Setting an IED's IP address in the project................................... 75 Setting up communication between PCM600 and the IED...............76 Setting technical key.........................................................................82 Section 7 Application engineering.................................................. 87 Engineering process overview .........................................................87 Using Switchsync Setting Tool......................................................... 87 General functions........................................................................ 87 Starting Switchsync Setting Tool from PCM600..........................88 Navigating between steps........................................................... 90 Setting parameters overview....................................................... 91 Saving parameters partially......................................................... 93 Saving parameters...................................................................... 94 Writing parameters to the IED.......................................................... 96 Modification of the default pre-configuration.....................................99 Precautions..................................................................................99 General information to work with PCM600................................ 100 Working with the Application Configuration tool........................ 101 Adding application worksheets in the configuration............. 101 Adding a function to the application..................................... 104 Function blocks.................................................................... 106 Signals and signal management.......................................... 109 Adding user-defined names................................................. 109 Function block execution parameters...................................110 Connections and variables................................................... 112 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 3 Table of contents Single-phase reference signal..............................................112 Validation..............................................................................113 Working with the Parameter Setting tool................................... 115 Local HMI engineering...............................................................115 Local HMI engineering process............................................115 LEDs and function keys........................................................116 Single-line diagram engineering...........................................121 Modification of event and waveform record signals...................133 Modification of alarm signals..................................................... 137 Modification of operation log input.............................................139 Modification of binary inputs and outputs ................................. 140 Adding binary inputs and outputs to Application Configuration........................................................................ 141 Generic IEC61850 function block configuration ....................... 142 Connection of GOOSE close and open commands.................. 143 Connection of compensation signals via analog GOOSE......... 143 Writing the configuration to the IED................................................145 Section 8 Local HMI..................................................................... 149 Local HMI elements........................................................................149 Display.......................................................................................150 LEDs..........................................................................................152 Keypad...................................................................................... 153 Local HMI functionality.............................................................. 154 Status and alarm indication.................................................. 154 Parameter management ......................................................155 Front port communication.....................................................155 Logging on......................................................................................156 Logging off......................................................................................159 Navigating in the menu...................................................................160 Menu structure...........................................................................160 Scrolling the display...................................................................160 Changing the default view......................................................... 161 Identifying the device......................................................................162 Changing the local HMI language.................................................. 162 Browsing setting values..................................................................162 Editing values................................................................................. 163 Editing numerical values............................................................163 Editing string values.................................................................. 165 Editing enumerated values........................................................ 165 Changing time settings in LHMI.................................................166 Saving settings............................................................................... 166 Clearing and acknowledging.......................................................... 167 Using the local HMI help.................................................................167 4 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Table of contents Section 9 Web HMI...................................................................... 169 Logging in....................................................................................... 169 Logging out.....................................................................................171 Menu structure................................................................................172 Warning and error messages......................................................... 172 Accessing device information......................................................... 173 Selecting a list view........................................................................ 174 Navigating between pages............................................................. 175 Operation records...........................................................................176 Viewing and downloading operation records.............................177 Waveform records.......................................................................... 178 Viewing and managing list of waveform records....................... 178 Waveform viewer.......................................................................180 Viewing and managing waveform record graphs...................... 181 Alarms............................................................................................ 182 Viewing and acknowledging alarms.......................................... 183 Events and internal events............................................................. 183 Viewing trend graphs......................................................................184 Changing the range of data points in equidistant view.............. 185 Changing the range of data points in time view.........................186 Generating reports..........................................................................189 IED menu........................................................................................190 Section 10 Commissioning.............................................................193 Commissioning checklist................................................................ 193 Checking IED operation..................................................................193 Checking CT circuits.......................................................................194 Checking VT circuits.......................................................................194 Checking binary input and output circuits.......................................195 Binary input circuits................................................................... 195 Binary output circuits................................................................. 195 Checking optical connections......................................................... 195 Circuit breaker operating times.......................................................195 Entering operating times manually............................................ 196 Circuit breaker timing test mode................................................197 Electrical connections...........................................................197 LHMI navigation................................................................... 198 Operation..............................................................................202 Live switching................................................................................. 210 Capacitor bank.......................................................................... 211 Shunt reactor............................................................................. 211 Power transformer..................................................................... 211 Transmission line or power cable.............................................. 212 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 5 Table of contents Concluding commissioning.............................................................213 Section 11 IED operation .............................................................. 215 Start-up...........................................................................................215 Checking IED operation.............................................................215 IED start-up sequence ..............................................................215 Normal operation............................................................................ 215 Controlled switching operations......................................................216 Mode information in operation log............................................. 216 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures.................................. 219 Monitoring.......................................................................................219 Indications................................................................................. 219 Viewing the operation log via the local HMI......................... 219 Monitoring alarm data...........................................................220 Monitoring an internal IED fault ........................................... 221 Monitoring measured and calculated values............................. 221 Recorded data........................................................................... 222 Operation log........................................................................222 Waveform records................................................................ 224 Events.................................................................................. 227 Remote monitoring.................................................................... 227 Monitoring the IED remotely.................................................227 Clearing status information.............................................................228 Section 13 Troubleshooting ...........................................................231 Application diagnostics .................................................................. 231 Resetting persistent signals.......................................................240 Fault tracing....................................................................................240 Identifying hardware errors........................................................240 Identifying runtime errors...........................................................241 Identifying communication errors...............................................241 Checking communication link operation...............................241 Checking merging unit status............................................... 242 Checking time synchronization.............................................242 Running the display test............................................................ 243 Indication messages.......................................................................243 Internal faults............................................................................. 243 Warnings................................................................................... 244 Additional indications.................................................................244 Correction procedures.................................................................... 245 Changing and setting the password.......................................... 245 Identifying IED application problems......................................... 245 Inspecting the wiring.............................................................245 6 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Table of contents Section 14 System security............................................................ 249 Physical interfaces..........................................................................249 IP ports........................................................................................... 249 FTP access with SSL FTPACCS....................................................251 Encryption algorithms..................................................................... 251 Denial of service............................................................................. 251 Certificate handling.........................................................................252 IEEE1686 compliance.................................................................... 252 Section 15 User roles and user accounts.......................................255 Authorization...................................................................................255 Predefined user roles..................................................................... 256 Password policies...........................................................................258 IED User management................................................................... 259 Starting IED user management................................................. 260 General settings........................................................................ 260 User profile management.......................................................... 261 Adding new users.................................................................261 Adding users to new user roles............................................ 264 Deleting existing users......................................................... 264 Changing password..............................................................266 User role management.............................................................. 267 Adding new users to user roles............................................ 268 Deleting existing users from user roles................................ 268 Reusing user accounts.........................................................268 Writing user management settings to the IED........................... 269 Reading user management settings from the IED.....................269 Saving user management settings............................................ 269 Section 16 Requirements for external equipment.......................... 271 Circuit breaker................................................................................ 271 Current transformers...................................................................... 271 Voltage transformers...................................................................... 272 Non-conventional instrument transformers and merging units....... 272 SNTP server................................................................................... 272 Section 17 Technical data.............................................................. 273 Dimensions ....................................................................................273 Power supply.................................................................................. 273 Measuring inputs ........................................................................... 274 Binary inputs...................................................................................274 Signal outputs ................................................................................275 Power outputs ................................................................................275 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 7 Table of contents Data communication interfaces ..................................................... 276 Enclosure class ............................................................................. 278 Ingress protection........................................................................... 278 Environmental conditions and tests................................................278 Electromagnetic compatibility tests................................................ 279 Insulation tests................................................................................281 Mechanical tests.............................................................................281 Product safety ................................................................................282 EMC compliance ........................................................................... 282 Section 18 Glossary....................................................................... 283 8 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 1 Introduction 1MRK 511 346 C Section 1 Introduction 1.1 This manual The user manual provides basic instructions on how to install and use Switchsync PWC600. The manual also describes setting up a secure system, including password procedures and levels of access in the system. The manual provides instructions for engineering, mechanical and electrical installing, commissioning and operating, to cover the common use cases of the product. 1.2 Intended audience This manual addresses new users as well as not frequent users of Switchsync PWC600, providing an easy start or refresh on using the product. The manual offers quick assistance to operators and field personnel as well as engineering and commissioning personnel. 1.3 Product documentation 1.3.1 Product documentation set The user manual provides basic instructions on how to install and use Switchsync PWC600. The manual provides instructions for engineering, mechanical and electrical installing, commissioning and operating, to cover the common use cases of the product. The manual also describes setting up a secure system, including password procedures and levels of access in the system. The communication protocol manual describes a communication protocol supported by the IED. The manual concentrates on vendor-specific implementations. The technical manual contains application and functionality descriptions and lists function blocks, logic diagrams, input and output signals, setting parameters and technical data sorted per function. The manual can be used as a technical reference during the engineering phase, installation and commissioning phase, and during normal service. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 9 Section 1 Introduction 1.3.1.1 1MRK 511 346 C Related documents Documents related to Switchsync PWC600 Identity number Communication protocol manual, IEC 61850 1MRK 511 269-UEN User Manual 1MRK 511 346-UEN Technical manual 1MRK 511 275-UEN MICS 1MRK 511 297-WEN PICS 1MRG 018 800 PIXIT 1MRG 010 6581) TICS 1MRG 010 6591) 1) Switchsync PWC600 1.0 is based on ABB 650 series, version 1.3. So the PIXIT and TICS from ABB 650 series, version 1.3 are applicable for Switchsync PWC600 1.0 too. 1.3.2 Document revision history Document revision/date Product version History A/2015-02-04 1.0 First release C/2015-12-09 1.0 Content updated 1.4 Symbols and conventions 1.4.1 Symbols The caution icon indicates important information or warning related to the concept discussed in the text. It might indicate the presence of a hazard which could result in corruption of software or damage to equipment or property. The information icon alerts the reader of important facts and conditions. The tip icon indicates advice on, for example, how to design your project or how to use a certain function. Although warning hazards are related to personal injury, it is necessary to understand that under certain operational conditions, operation of damaged equipment may result in degraded process performance leading to personal injury or death. It is important that the user fully complies with all warning and cautionary notices. 10 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 1 Introduction 1MRK 511 346 C 1.4.2 Document conventions • • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Abbreviations and acronyms in this manual are spelled out in the glossary. The glossary also contains definitions of important terms. Push button navigation in the LHMI menu structure is presented by using the push button icons. and . For example, to navigate between the options, use HMI menu paths are presented in bold. For example, select Main menu/Settings. LHMI messages are shown in Courier font. For example, to save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press . Parameter names are shown in italics. For example, the function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting. 11 12 Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 2.1 Introduction Switchsync PWC600 is a point-on-wave controller for high-voltage circuit breakers. Its purpose is to delay circuit breaker operations such that current inception or current interruption occurs at a phase angle that minimizes stress on the switched load or the circuit breaker. The IED is usually installed in the control room, where all required signals are present. 2.2 Hardware overview 1 2 GUID-2D3D7A43-2A78-4159-8AB5-BA2CE19D03DD V1 EN Figure 1: Switchsync PWC600 front view 1 Enlosure 2 Local HMI A label with the IED ordering number and serial number is attached to the local HMI. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 13 Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C 4 1 5 2 6 3 7 GUID-0E37AEC8-5216-40B9-8046-7D390EE9A3C3 V1 EN Figure 2: Switchsync PWC600 rear panel with hardware modules 1 PSM02/PSM03: Power supply module with options for 48...125 VDC or 110...250 VDC 2 TRM01: Instrument transformer module with 4 current and 6 voltage inputs 3 COM03 + CPU02: Communication and high performance processing module 4 and 5 Not used, slots are empty in Switchsync PWC600 6 BIO01: Binary input/output module 7 PIO01: Precision binary input/output module with event time resolution of 100 µs For more information on connections, see connectors and technical data sections. 2.3 Application overview Controlled switching, provided by Switchsync PWC600, is used for minimizing harmful electrical transients upon planned switching of loads such as capacitor banks, shunt reactors and power transformers. The method is also gaining acceptance for reenergizing of EHV transmission lines, and replacing traditional pre-insertion resistors. 2.3.1 Application examples Shunt capacitor banks Basic aim is to control closing to minimize the energizing transients (voltage transients as well as inrush currents). To improve interrupting performance, controlled opening can also be utilized. Shunt reactors Basic aim is to control de-energizing to ensure reignition-free current interruption. In addition, controlled closing also serves as a useful method for minimizing the inrush currents. 14 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C Power transformers Basic aim is to control energization to minimize inrush currents. This is enabled by controlled de-energization, to set a residual flux pattern, which is taken into account for the subsequent energization. Unloaded transmission lines and power cables Basic aim is to control closing to minimize overvoltage transients. To improve interrupting performance, controlled opening can also be utilized. 2.4 User interfaces The user can interact with Switchsync PWC600 in several ways. • • • 2.5 Local Human-Machine Interface (LHMI) on the front panel of the IED, featuring LCD screen, pushbuttons and status LEDs Web interface via Web browser Various tools in Protection and Control Manager PCM600, installed on a PC Communication The IED supports communication protocols IEC 61850-8-1, IEC 61850-9-2LE and HTTP over Ethernet. All operational information and controls are available through these protocols. However, some communication functionality, for example, horizontal communication (GOOSE) between the IEDs, is only enabled by the IEC 61850-8-1 communication protocol. Waveform (disturbance) files are accessed using IEC 61850 or the Web interface. Disturbance files are also available to any Ethernet based application in the standard COMTRADE format. The IED can send binary signals to other IEDs (so called horizontal communication) using the IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) profile. Binary GOOSE messaging can, for example, be employed for protection and interlocking-based protection schemes. The IED meets the GOOSE performance requirements for tripping applications in distribution substations, as defined by the IEC 61850 standard. Further, the IED supports the sending and receiving of analog values using GOOSE messaging. Analog GOOSE messaging enables fast transfer of analog measurement values over the station. The IED interoperates with other IEC 61850 compliant IEDs, tools and systems and simultaneously reports events to five different clients on the IEC 61850 station bus. IEC 61850-9-2LE is supported for subscribing the current and voltage signals in digital sampled value format. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 15 Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C All communication connectors, except for the front port connector, are placed on the integrated communication module. The IED is connected to Ethernet-based communication systems via the RJ-45 connector (10/100BASE-TX) or the fibre-optic multimode LC connector (100BASE-FX). The IED supports the following time synchronization methods with a timestamping resolution of 1 ms: Ethernet communication based: • SNTP (simple network time protocol) With special time synchronization wiring: • • IRIG-B PPS (pulse per second) PPS signals are used for IEC 61850-9-2LE process synchronisation with accuracy of 4 µs. 2.6 PCM600 tool Protection and Control IED Manager PCM600 offers all the necessary functionality to work throughout all stages of the IED life cycle. • • • • • Planning Engineering Commissioning Operation and disturbance handling Functional analysis When using PCM600 for writing to the IED, ensure that the LHMI or WHMI is not in a menu position where settings can be changed. Only one active transaction, from LHMI, WHMI, or PCM600, is allowed at a time. With the individual tool components, you can perform different tasks and functions. PCM600 can operate with various topologies, depending on the customer needs. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 16 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C 2.6.1 Connectivity packages A connectivity package is a software component that consists of executable code and data which enables system tools to communicate with an IED. Connectivity packages are used to create configuration structures in PCM600. A connectivity package includes all of the data which is used to describe the IED. For example it contains a list of what parameters exist, which data format is used, the units, the setting range, the access rights and visibility of the parameter. In addition it contains code which allows software packages that consume the connectivity package to properly communicate with the IED. It also allows for localization of text even when its read from the IED in a standard format such as COMTRADE. Update Manager is a tool that helps in defining the right connectivity package versions for different system products and tools. Update Manager is included with products that use connectivity packages. 2.7 Environmental aspects 2.7.1 Sustainable development Sustainability has been taken into account from the beginning of the product design including the pro-environmental manufacturing process, long life time, operation reliability and disposing of the IED. The choice of materials and the suppliers have been made according to the EU RoHS directive (2002/95/EC). This directive limits the use of hazardous substances which are the following: Table 1: Maximum concentration values by weight per homogeneous material Substance Proposed maximum concentration Lead - Pb 0.1% Mercury - Hg 0.1% Cadmium - Cd 0.01% Hexavalent Chromium Cr (VI) 0.1% Polybrominated biphenyls - PBB 0.1% Polybrominated diphenyl ethers - PBDE 0.1% Operational reliability and long life time have been assured with extensive testing during the design and manufacturing processes. Moreover, long life time is supported by maintenance and repair services as well as by the availability of spare parts. Design and manufacturing have been done under a certified environmental system. The effectiveness of the environmental system is constantly evaluated by an external Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 17 Section 2 Switchsync PWC600 overview 1MRK 511 346 C auditing body. We follow environmental rules and regulations systematically to evaluate their effect on our products and processes. 2.7.2 Disposing of the IED Definitions and regulations of hazardous materials are country-specific and change when the knowledge of materials increases. The materials used in this product are typical for electric and electronic devices. All parts used in this product are recyclable. When disposing of an IED or its parts contact a local waste handler who is authorized and specialized in disposing electronic waste. These handlers can sort the material by using dedicated sorting processes and dispose of the product according to the local requirements. Table 2: Materials of the IED parts IED Unit Parts Material Metallic plates, parts and screws Steel Plastic parts PC1), LCP2) LHMI display module Various Package Box Cardboard Attached material Manuals Paper 1) Polycarbonate 2) Liquid crystal polymer 18 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Section 3 Application 3.1 Introduction Switchsync PWC600 is a point-on-wave controller, which is used to reduce stresses imposed on the circuit breaker as well as on the switched load during energization and de-energization operations. Circuit breaker closing and opening commands that are not time critical are routed through Switchsync PWC600. The IED then issues individual commands to the circuit breaker poles depending on the load to be switched, considering its connection and design configuration. After completion of a controlled switching operation, Switchsync PWC600 compares the actual with the target switching instants. The results are used to optimize the estimated operating times of the circuit breaker in the next operation. This process is known as “adaptive correction”; it compensates for systematic changes in the circuit breaker’s operation characteristics. Deterministic changes in operating times due to internal or external parameters, such as auxiliary voltage, idle time, ambient temperature, drive energy, can also be compensated using individual compensation curves. Respective sensor signals are either connected to the IED directly, or they can be received from remote sources via IEC 61850 analog GOOSE messages. Switchsync PWC600 is also capable of calculating the expected remaining life of the circuit breaker in terms of number of operations and electrical interrupter wear (ablation of arcing contacts, erosion of nozzles). This is based on interrupted primary current and status signals of CB auxiliary contacts. On every supervised signal, Switchsync PWC600 can generate warnings and alarms when crossing assigned limits. Such conditions can be indicated visually by LEDs on the LHMI, electrically by alarm contacts on the IED, or remotely via its Ethernet communication interfaces. Each supervision alarm can be individually enabled or disabled. 3.2 Switching targets On arrival of a switching command, the IED calculates the optimal switching target phase angles with respect to the reference voltage or reference current signals. The calculations are based on the load to be switched, its connection and design configuration, and the switching duty considering operating time variations and external parameter variations. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 19 Section 3 Application 3.2.1 1MRK 511 346 C Target definitions Controlled switching targets in Switchsync PWC600 are defined with respect to reference signals. • • Primary voltage is used as reference for load energization (circuit breaker closing). Voltage measurement may be single-phase or three-phase, for phase-toground or phase-to-phase voltage. Either the primary source voltage (same as for closing operations) or the load current may be used as reference for load de-energization (circuit breaker opening). Current measurement must be taken from all three phases, and the CT secondary current should not be lower than 50 mA. Reference signals can be provided by conventional PTs/CTs, or from IEC 61850-9-2(LE) compliant NCITs. The system phase rotation (L1-L2-L3 or L1-L3L2) is also taken into account through a setting. Analog signals are sampled at a rate of 80 samples per power cycle, i.e. sampling frequency of 4000 S/s at 50 Hz or 4800 S/s at 60 Hz. With the reference signals selected, the individual switching targets are given as phase angles of the intended instants of current making or current interruption (electrical switching instants). In each phase, the target is defined relative to a positive-going zero crossing of the reference signal in that phase (0 degrees). The phase of the first circuit breaker pole to operate is called “lead phase”. For selection of the lead phase, two options are available. • • Random – the lead phase is selected randomly every time. This selection will statistically equalize electrical stress on the three CB poles. Fixed phase (L1) – phase L1 is always switched first. In the other two phases, the reference zero crossing is selected as the one following the reference zero in the lead phase. Since target phase angles can assume only positive values, the switching instants of the other two poles occur no earlier than in the lead phase. For load de-energization, the circuit breaker is controlled to separate its contacts some time prior to the target interruption instant. The time difference between target instants of contact separation and current interruption is called target arcing time. In most applications, this target arcing time is defined by a window of minimum and maximum arcing times. 3.2.2 Target selection: predefined and user-defined strategies For common controlled switching applications, the optimal switching targets are predefined in the IED software (application function SSCPOW). These should give good results in most use cases. The user just needs to specify the type of load, its electrical connections (vector group) and possibly few other design or application 20 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C parameters. The application function chooses the respective controlled switching strategies from its built-in database, which is also displayed in Switchsync Setting Tool during the process. A user-defined controlled switching strategy can be applied for special targeting requirements. This is preferably done in Switchsync Setting tool of PCM600. Here, the user needs to enter the following information. 1. 2. Lead phase – either random or fixed (L1). Making targets (Close operations) or mechanical contact separation targets (Open operations). For the lead phase, the user-defined target is specified in electrical degrees relative to a positive-going zero crossing of the respective reference signal. For the other two phases, the targets are specified in electrical degrees relative to the target instant in the lead phase. (Note the different definition from predefined strategies.) Only positive values can be entered for switching targets, hence the target instants in the phases to follow cannot precede the target instants in the lead phase. The predefined switching strategies are optimized for single-pole operated (SPO) circuit breakers, which are considered best suitable for controlled switching. However, it is possible to perform controlled switching for three-pole-operated (TPO) circuit breakers with ganged operation or mechanical staggering. For this purpose, controlled switching targets can be assigned with best possible or compromise targets through a user-defined strategy. Targeting-related data stored in operation records always refer to a positive-going zero crossing of the reference signal in the same phase, regardless whether a predefined or a user-defined strategy has been chosen. 3.2.3 Circuit breaker properties Knowledge of key parameters of the circuit breaker is essential for successful controlled switching. These key parameters are usually separate for Close and Open operations. • • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Mechanical behavior under nominal conditions (timing, accuracy) Dielectric properties (RDDS, re-ignition free windows) Impact of external influences, such as DC control voltage or temperature, on operating times (compensation curves) Permitted limits on deviation from default values etc. 21 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Some of these parameters are defined by the circuit breaker design; these can be provided in advance. Others are specific to each pole and are ideally obtained on site during (or prior to) commissioning. Switchsync Setting Tool (SST) provides easy access to all relevant parameters. The installation package of the Switchsync PWC600 Connectivity Package also includes a library of ABB circuit breaker models, containing design-related parameters. In case the actual circuit breaker model is not included, the user may define a new “custom” circuit breaker type by modifying data from the library, or create a new circuit breaker type altogether. For acquisition of pole-specific parameters prior to live switching, Switchsync PWC600 provides a “CB timing test mode”. With the main contacts connected to dedicated inputs, offline switching operations are controlled and evaluated by the IED. The properties thus learned are used in regular operations. 3.3 Optimization of accuracy The operating times (switching times) of the circuit breaker may change with certain parameters, such as time (age), temperature, idle time since the last operation and DC control voltage. To optimize the controlled switching performance in such changes, Switchsync PWC600 provides two features, parameter compensation and adaptive correction. Based on these features, the release instants of the circuit breaker are adjusted for optimal targeting during controlled switching operations. 3.3.1 Parameter compensation The Switchsync PWC600 IED has the facility to compensate for the influences of external and internal parameters, namely, DC control voltage, idle time, temperature, drive pressure, spring charge, and additional user-defined parameters. It uses individual parameter compensation curves consisting of parametric variation vs. required operating time correction. Separate curves are provided for Close and Open operations. The individual compensation values are added up to yield a single compensation value for each CB pole. The library of ABB circuit breakers includes compensation curves for each CB type. During engineering in Switchsync Setting Tool, the user only needs to specify which sensors are connected to the IED. Accordingly, the compensation functions are activated. It is possible to enable, disable or modify individual compensation curves manually. Respective sensor signals are either connected to the IED directly, or can be received from external acquisition devices (such as ABB RIO600) via IEC 61850 analog GOOSE messages. 22 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 3: Compensation facilities in pre-configuration Parameter Sensor Qty. Inputs to IED DC control voltage Voltage sensor 1 DC supply on PSM module Idle time Internal calculation based on status of current signal, load voltage signal, and/or CB auxiliary contacts 3 CT or VT inputs on TRM module, current or voltage samples via IEC 61850-9-2, or binary inputs on PIO module Stored energy in CB drive Set of 1 or 2 binary level contacts 1 or 3 Binary inputs on BIO module Temperature Temperature sensor (e.g. Pt100) connected to external acquisition device 1 or 3 Analog GOOSE Drive pressure Pressure sensor connected to external acquisition device 1 or 3 Analog GOOSE Additional quantity 1 (user-specified) Sensor for quantity 1, connected to external acquisition device 1 or 3 Analog GOOSE Additional quantity 2 (user-specified) Sensor for quantity 2, connected to external acquisition device 1 or 3 Analog GOOSE Compensation values are continuously updated. Thus, the actual compensation value is available at the time when a controlled switching operation is executed. Furthermore, the sensor signals are checked against supervision thresholds, and an alarm can be raised on crossing a limit. 3.3.2 Adaptive correction After completion of a controlled switching operation, Switchsync PWC600 acquires the instants when the switching actually took place. For this purpose, it analyzes the primary analog signals (load current, load voltage) and the timing of binary signals from auxiliary contacts in the CB drive, as available. The actual switching instants are compared with the target instants. A fraction (Beta factor) of the difference is used as correction value, to update the estimated CB operating time for the next controlled switching operation. This process is known as “adaptive correction”; its purpose is to compensate systematic changes in the circuit breaker’s operation characteristics over time. For controlled closing on reactive or capacitive loads, it is recommended to use load current as feedback signal for adaptive correction of the making instants. For controlled energization of transformers and transmission lines/power cables, it is recommended to use load voltage (if available). Mechanical status indication from auxiliary contacts may be used in addition to correct mechanical closing times adaptively, or as the only feedback signal in case no suitable primary voltage and Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 23 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C current signals are available. This presumes sufficient accuracy/consistency of the auxiliary contacts. Separate beta factors are defined for electrical and mechanical adaptation, their values are assigned in the pre-configuration. For load de-energization, current interruption in most cases occurs at a natural current zero. Thus, the actual instant of contact separation cannot be deduced from the primary voltage and current signals. However, Switchsync PWC600 checks the voltage and current signals for signs of re-ignitions/re-strikes. If such is detected then an alarm is raised and the intended arcing time is automatically extended by 1 ms (not configurable), up to a limit of default 3 ms. This is interpreted as adaptive correction of controlled opening operations. Extension of the target arcing time can never exceed the maximum arcing time defined for the specific switching case. The internal values for adaptive correction and operation logs are periodically written to non-volatile memory to be preserved against power loss. To maximize the life of the memory elements, the write interval has been defined as 1 hour; this cannot be changed by the user. Therefore, to prevent loss of data, the IED should not be powered off within 1 hour of the last switching operation. 3.3.3 Overall optimization For Close operations, the target instant TtC of mechanical contact touch in each phase is internally calculated as follows. TtC = T0 + T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 where T0 = ideal making target T1 = offset from ideal target, to cater for dielectric and mechanical scatter T2 = total combined correction value from parameter compensations T3 = total combined correction value for electrical and/or mechanical adaptation T4 = expected pre-arcing time (time between current inception and mechanical contact touch) As an example, the ideal switching target of voltage zero across breaker contacts is slightly advanced to achieve best possible performance considering dielectric and mechanical scatter. T1 and T4 during controlled closing operation at voltage peak target are demonstrated in Figure 3. 24 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-E4E3069B-823C-4726-81EF-9B3649482E0F V1 EN Figure 3: Switching target definition for controlled closing operation (source voltage reference) For controlled opening operations, the target instant TtO of mechanical contact separation is calculated in a similar manner. TtO = T0 – T3 – T4 where T0 = ideal interrupting target T3 = adaptive correction value for arcing time due to re-strike or re-ignition detection T4 = target arcing time (time between mechanical contact separation and current interruption) Parameter T4 is shown in Figure 4, which depicts current interruption at reference voltage peak. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 25 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-B20044E3-0841-45A0-8140-522E955366F1 V1 EN Figure 4: 3.4 Switching target definition for controlled opening operation (source voltage reference) Load applications Switchsync PWC600 was designed for point-on-wave switching (also known as controlled switching) of capacitor banks, reactors, transformers, transmission lines, and power cables. For these load types, predefined switching strategies are implemented. Other load types can be accommodated either by selecting a similar predefined load type, or by specifying a user-defined controlled switching strategy. For capacitor banks, controlled energization is used to limit charging inrush current. Controlled de-energization can be used for ensuring re-strike free operation of the circuit breaker. For shunt reactors, controlled de-energization has been widely used for ensuring reignition free operation of the circuit breaker. In addition, controlled energization can help in reducing asymmetry of charging currents in individual phases and thereby minimize mal-operations of protection relays. For transformers, controlled switching is used to minimize inrush currents during noload energization. Switchsync PWC600 achieves this by controlled de-energization (to set a residual flux pattern in the core) followed by controlled energization (optimized on the set residual flux pattern). For transmission lines and power cables, controlled energization is used to minimize the switching overvoltage on the line. Controlled de-energization can be used for ensuring re-strike free operation of the circuit breaker. Details on each application type, including predefined controlled switching strategies, are given in the following subsections. For better understanding, all switching targets 26 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C are given with reference to their positive going zero crossing of individual phase voltage or currents. These considerations always assume • • • • Solidly grounded source of the power system Phase rotation L1-L2-L3 Idealized circuit breaker (i.e. high RDDS and RRDS, no scatter) Single-pole operated circuit breaker Different configurations of the power system are taken into account automatically, as are the properties of the “real” circuit breaker. If the source/system is ungrounded then the controlled switching strategies for an ungrounded load are applied. For three-pole operated/mechanically staggered breakers, a user-defined strategy shall be defined, considering construction philosophy and connection configuration of the load and the circuit breaker. 3.4.1 Capacitor bank 3.4.1.1 Reference signals For controlled switching, the following analog signals should be connected to the Switchsync PWC600 IED, and configured in SST. Table 4: Reference signals for controlled switching of capacitor banks Purpose 3.4.1.2 Recommended signals Alternate signals Controlled closing reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) - Controlled opening reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) Load current (3 phases) Adaptive correction, re-strike detection Load current (3 phases) Load voltage (3 phases, phaseto-ground) Energization Energization of a capacitor bank may cause high inrush currents, which in turn may lead to voltage dips and transient overvoltages. These can be minimized by closing the circuit breaker at instantaneous voltage zero across each breaker pole. As the capacitor bank can be assumed discharged, the optimal energization instants are derived directly from the source voltage signals. Table 5 shows the predefined controlled energization strategies for capacitor banks of different configurations. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 27 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 5: Controlled energization strategies for capacitor banks, assuming L1 lead phase Load configuration Lead phase selection L1 (lead phase) making target L2 making target L3 making target 120° after lead phase 240° after lead phase Yn (wye/star, grounded) Random Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase-toground voltage Y (wye/star, ungrounded) or Δ (delta) Random Positive-going zero crossing of phasephase voltage L1-L2 270° after lead phase Figure 5 demonstrates controlled energization of a grounded Y connected capacitor bank, near positive-going zero crossings of the individual phase-to-ground voltage. Here, L1 was randomly selected as lead phase. The actual targets are chosen slightly after voltage zero to statistically minimize the making voltage, given the scatter of Controlled Switching of grounded Y connected capacitor bank using SWITCHSYNC Relay ABB operating time and RDDS in the circuit breaker. Energization Current_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Vsource_L1 Electrical Target_L1 Pre-arcing_Time_L1 L1 18 deg 18 deg 18 deg Current_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Vsource_L2 Electrical_Target_L2 Pre-arcing_Time_L2 Time (ms) 70 60 Only for De-enrgization Only for De-enrgization Only for De-enrgization 50 40 30 20 Lead phase Making target, Lead phase Making target, second phase Making target, third phase Current_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Vsource_L3 Electrical_Target_L3 Pre-arcing_Time_L3 GUID-9BFA5B49-5380-4DB6-9E95-0FFD503F4D31 V2 EN Figure 5: 3.4.1.3 Target definitions during closing operation (Source voltage reference) De-energization De-energization of a capacitor bank may cause re-strikes in the circuit breaker, which may damage the interrupter. Although most modern circuit breaker types are classified as having low or very low probability of re-strike, controlled opening can further reduce the probability of re-strikes. Optimal interruption instants are defined with respect to the load current in each phase. Alternatively, they can be derived from the source voltage by adding a 90° phase shift. Mechanical contact separation must precede interruption by several milliseconds, to ensure that the instantaneous dielectric strength will always exceed the TRV. This arcing time is chosen as long as possible, usually between a quarter and half a power cycle, taking into account the properties of the circuit breaker. 28 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 6 shows the predefined controlled de-energization strategies for capacitor banks of different configurations. Table 6: Controlled de-energization strategies for capacitor banks, assuming L1 lead phase Load configuration Lead phase selection L1 (lead phase) interrupting target L2 interrupting target L3 interrupting target Yn (wye/star, grounded) Random Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase current 120° after lead phase 240° after lead phase Y (wye/star, ungrounded) or Δ (delta) Random Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase current 90° after lead phase 90° after lead phase Target arcing times depend on the power frequency. The limit values listed in Table 7 apply to all three poles. By default, the arithmetic mean of minimum and maximum arcing times is used. Table 7: Target arcing times for de-energization of capacitor banks System frequency Minimum arcing time Maximum arcing time 50 Hz 4.5 ms 6.5 ms 60 Hz 3.6 ms 5.6 ms Figure 6 demonstrates controlled de-energization of a grounded Y connected capacitor bank at positive-going zero crossings of the individual phase current (which Controlled Switching of grounded Y connected capacitor bank using SWITCHSYNC Relay ABB coincide with voltage peaks). Here, L1 was randomly selected as lead phase. De-energization Current_L1 Vtrv_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Arcing_Time_L1 Vsource_L1 Current_L2 Vtrv_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Arcing_Time_L2 Vsource_L2 Remenance Flux R Remenance Flux Y Remenance Flux B Time (ms) ## PU ## PU ## PU 60 50 L1 0 deg 0 deg 0 deg 40 30 20 10 Lead phase Interrupting target, Lead phase Interrupting target, second phase Interrupting target, third phase Current_L3 Vtrv_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Arcing_Time_L3 Vsource_L3 GUID-A721BEA2-60BE-41C8-A24D-196A84571FCF V2 EN Figure 6: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Target definitions during opening operation (load current references) 29 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C 3.4.2 Shunt reactor 3.4.2.1 Reference signals For controlled switching, the following analog signals should be connected to the Switchsync PWC600 IED, and configured in Switchsync Setting Tool. Table 8: Reference signals for controlled switching of shunt reactors Purpose 3.4.2.2 Recommended signals Alternate signals Controlled closing reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) - Controlled opening reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) Load current (3 phases) Adaptive correction, re-ignition detection Load current (3 phases) Load voltage (3 phases, phaseto-ground) Energization Energization of a shunt reactor may lead to fully asymmetric phase currents, which may impose excessive electromagnetic stress on the reactor windings, and cause maloperation of protection relays. This is avoided by energizing each phase in such a manner as to ensure symmetric reactor currents in each phase. Table 9 lists the predefined controlled switching strategies for energization of 3-phase shunt reactors with a single-pole operated circuit breaker, assuming L1 was chosen as lead phase in all cases. Table 9: Winding connections Yn (wye/star, grounded) Y (wye/star, ungrounded) or Δ (delta) Y (wye/star) with neutral grounding reactor Controlled energization strategies for shunt reactors, assuming L1 lead phase Core design L1 (lead phase) L2 making making target target L3 making target Random Positive peak of lead phaseto-ground voltage 120° after lead phase 240° after lead phase 3-limb Fixed (L1) Positive peak of L1 phaseto-ground voltage 112° after L1 phase 85° after L1 phase Bank Random Positive peak of phase-phase voltage L1-L2 90° after lead phase 3-limb Fixed (L1) Positive peak of phase-phase voltage L1-L2 90° after L1 phase Bank Random Positive peak of lead phaseto-ground voltage ΦC after lead phase 240° after lead phase Fixed (L1) Positive peak of L1 phaseto-ground voltage ΦC after L1 phase 240° after L1 phase Bank 4/5-limb 4/5-limb 4/5-limb 3-limb 30 Lead phase selection Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C ΦC is calculated from the ratio K, which is defined as neutral reactance divided by phase reactance. For high values of K (K ≥ 2), the reactor is considered ungrounded and the respective controlled energization strategy is applied. The actual value of ΦC and the selected strategy are displayed in Switchsync Setting Tool after entering all relevant data. Figure 7 demonstrates controlled energization of a grounded Y-connected reactor bank at positive peaks of the individual phase-to-ground voltage signals. Here, L1 was Switching of grounded Y connected reactor bank using SWITCHSYNC Relay Controlled randomly selected as lead phase. Energization Current_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Vsource_L1 Electrical_Target_L1 Pre-arcing_Time_L1 Only for De-enrgization Only for De-enrgization Only for De-enrgization Current_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Vsource_L2 Electrical_Target_L2 Pre-arcing_Time_L2 R Y B 35 L1 90 deg 90 deg 90 deg 25 5 15 Lead phase Making target, Lead phase Making target, second phase Making target, third phase Time (ms) Current_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Vsource_L3 Electrical_Target_L3 Pre-arcing_Time_L3 GUID-6CFC7AAF-6F91-4EA1-8683-2733C4FFCD38 V2 EN Figure 7: Target definitions during closing operation (source voltage reference) For reactors with 3-limb core (magnetically coupled poles), and with load voltage selected as feedback signal for making instant detection, adaptive correction of closing times is disabled for the last pole to close. The reason is that the voltage across that breaker pole is close to zero as soon as the second pole closes and hence exact determination of the current making instant is not possible. 3.4.2.3 De-energization During de-energization of a reactor, the TRV rises very quickly, which results in a high probability of re-ignition. The same can be minimized by creating sufficient dielectric strength across breaker contacts at the time of current interruption. This is achieved by controlling the instant of mechanical contact separation to ensure arcing times within the re-ignition free window of the circuit breaker (which is determined during type testing) or, where such does not exist, at a point to minimize the impact of re-ignitions. In selecting the target instants in each phase, the construction Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 31 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C philosophies of the core (3-limb, 4/5-limb, or single-phase bank) as well as the winding configuration are taken into account. Table 10 lists the predefined controlled switching strategies for de-energization of 3phase shunt reactors with a single-pole operated circuit breaker, assuming L1 was chosen as lead phase in all cases. Table 10: Winding connections Yn (wye/star, grounded) Y (wye/star, ungrounded) or Δ (delta) Controlled de-energization strategies for shunt reactors, assuming L1 lead phase Core design Lead phase selection L3 interrupting target Random Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase current 120° after lead phase 60° after lead phase 3-limb Fixed (L1) Positive-going zero crossing of L1 phase current 120° after L1 phase 60° after L1 phase Bank Fixed (L1) Positive-going zero crossing of L1 phase current 90° after L1 phase 90° after L1 phase Fixed (L1) Positive-going zero crossing of L1 phase current 120° after L1 phase ΦO after L1 phase Bank 4/5-limb 4/5-limb 3-limb Y (wye/star) with neutral grounding reactor L1 (lead phase) L2 interrupting target interrupting target Bank 4/5-limb 3-limb ΦO is calculated from the ratio K, which is defined as neutral reactance divided by phase reactance. For high values of K (K≥2), the reactor is considered ungrounded and the respective controlled de-energization strategy is applied. The actual value of ΦO and the selected strategy are displayed in Switchsync Setting Tool after entering all relevant data. Target arcing times depend on several factors, as shown in Table 11. They are based on Tamin and Tamax, which are the minimum and maximum arcing times for re-ignition free interruption. These limit values are taken from circuit breaker data obtained during type tests. Table 11: Target arcing times for de-energization of shunt reactors, assuming L1 lead phase Winding connections 32 L1 (lead phase) L2 L3 Yn (wye/star, grounded) (Tamin + Tamax) / 2 (Tamin + Tamax) / 2 (Tamin + Tamax) / 2 Y (wye/star, ungrounded) or Δ (delta) (1.5·Tamin + Tamax) / 2 (0.87·Tamin + Tamax) / 2 (0.87·Tamin + Tamax) / 2 Y (wye/star) with neutral grounding reactor ((1+K/4)·Tamin + Tamax) / 2 (Tamin + Tamax) / 2 ((1+K/4)·Tamin + Tamax) / 2 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Figure 8 demonstrates controlled de-energization of an Yn connected reactor bank at positive-going zero crossings of the individual phase current (which coincide with grounded Y connected reactor bank using SWITCHSYNC Relay Controlled voltage peaks). Switching Here, L1ofwas randomly selected as lead phase. De-energization Current_L1 Vtrv_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Arcing_Time_L1 Vsource_L1 Current_L2 Vtrv_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Arcing_Time_L2 Vsource_L2 Time (ms) 60 50 L1 0 deg 0 deg 0 deg 40 30 20 Lead phase Interrupting target, Lead phase Interrupting target, second phase Interrupting target, third phase Current_L3 Vtrv_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Arcing_Time_L3 Vsource_L3 GUID-7E2C1278-17F2-41C3-A617-54CCC0DDE560 V2 EN Figure 8: Target definitions during opening operation (load current reference) For reactors with 3-limb core (magnetically coupled phases), and with load voltage selected as reference signal for re-ignition detection, adaptive correction of opening times is not done for the first phase to open. The reason is that the voltage across that breaker pole is still close to zero after opening and hence exact determination of the current interruption instant is not possible. 3.4.3 Power transformer 3.4.3.1 Reference signals For controlled switching, the following analog signals should be connected to the Switchsync PWC600 IED, and configured in Switchsync Setting Tool. Table 12: Reference signals for controlled switching of power transformers Purpose Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Recommended signals Alternate signals Controlled closing reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) - Controlled opening reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) None (load current not to be used) Adaptive correction, re-ignition detection Mechanical status indication from auxiliary contacts Load voltage (3 phases, phaseto-ground) 33 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Auxiliary contacts should meet certain accuracy requirements on operating times. 3.4.3.2 Controlled switching strategies During energization of power transformers, high levels of inrush currents are observed. To mitigate the inrush it is required that the resultant fluxes generated in individual windings of the transformer should have lowest asymmetry so that the core would not go in saturation. This minimizes the inrush current to near no-load current. Achieving symmetrical flux on energization requires consideration of residual fluxes in the core, winding configurations (vector group), and design philosophies (3 limb, 4/5 limb or single-phase bank) of the transformer. The switching strategy in this case targets at energization of individual poles on the reference voltage waveform in such a way that the resultant dynamic fluxes will be symmetric. The required knowledge of residual fluxes is obtained by controlled opening as a support for the subsequent controlled closing. The purpose of controlled opening is to set a repeatable pattern of residual fluxes. The controlled opening strategy is to target contact parting just prior to final current zero, which will minimize current chopping and thereby the residual fluxes. The subsequent closing for individual poles is targeted in such a way that the resultant flux will have minimum level of asymmetry. The predefined switching targets in absence of residual fluxes for different transformer configurations are given in Table 13. Table 13: Winding 2 or 3 is Δ (delta) Core design Interrupting targets L1 (lead phase) L2 L3 L1 (lead phase) L2 L3 Yn (wye/star, grounded) No Bank Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 120° after L1 phase 60° after L1 phase Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 120° after L1 phase 240° after L1 phase Yn (wye/star, grounded) Yes Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 120° after L1 phase 60° after L1 phase Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 112° after L1 phase 85° after L1 phase Yn (wye/star, grounded) Either 3-limb Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 120° after L1 phase 60° after L1 phase Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 112° after L1 phase 85° after L1 phase Y (wye/star, ungrounded) Either Any Positive peak of L1 phasetoground voltage 90° after L1 phase 90° after L1 phase Positive peak of phase-phase voltage L1-L2 Winding 1 Δ (delta) 34 Controlled energization and de-energization strategies for power transformers 4/5-limb Bank 4/5-limb Making targets 90° after L1 phase Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C For a transformer with Yn primary winding and coupled phases, the ideal making targets for L2 and L3 are 90 degrees after L1. The "odd" values of 112 and 85 degrees were implemented to ensure inverse phase sequence even with non-ideal circuit breakers. Controlled switching strategies for power transformers always use fixed phase sequence with L1 as lead phase, for both opening and closing. Winding 1 represents the winding that is switched by the circuit breaker controlled by PWC600. The target arcing time value for transformer de-energization is taken from circuit breaker type data, identical in all three poles. Figure 9 demonstrates the ideal making targets in absence of residual flux, for controlled energization of an Yn connected transformer having at least one Δ connected winding, from the Yn connected side. The lead phase for fixed-sequence strategies is L1 and the targets are shown considering a single-pole operated CB. Controlled Switching of Power Transformer using SWITCHSYNC Relay Source_Flux_L1 Resultant_Flux_L1 Target_L1 Pre-arcing_L1 30 20 Residual flux L1 Residual flux L2 Residual flux L3 Source_Flux_L2 Resultant Flux_L2 Target_L2 Pre-arcing_L2 0.00 pu 0.00 pu 0.00 pu Time ms 40 L1 90 deg 60 deg 300 deg 10 Lead phase Making target, L1 Making target, L2 Making target, L3 Source_Flux_L3 Resultant_Flux_L3 Target_L3 Pre_arcing_L3 10 Current_L1 Vsource_L1 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Gap_Voltage_L1 Current_L2 Vsource_L2 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Gap_Voltage_L2 Current_L3 Vsource_L3 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Gap_Voltage_L3 GUID-6C6103A8-8A53-4319-AC8D-8C50CA92AEE0 V2 EN Figure 9: Target definitions during closing operation, no residual flux in transformer Controlled de-energization leaves a low level of residual flux in the transformer core. Therefore, the recommendation for on-site commissioning is to perform the first operation at ideal targets assuming zero residual fluxes, followed by controlled opening operation leaving low level of residual fluxes. In the next step, targets can be Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 35 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C manually adjusted based on inrush current signature and relative value of current peaks for individual phases obtained during the first energization operation. These adjustments are individual to each transformer. The result is shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Controlled Switching of Power Transformer using SWITCHSYNC Relay Source_Flux_L1 Resultant_Flux_L1 Target_L1 Pre-arcing_L1 30 20 Residual flux L1 Residual flux L2 Residual flux L3 Source_Flux_L2 Resultant Flux_L2 Target_L2 Pre-arcing_L2 0.00 pu 0.15 pu -0.15 pu Time ms 40 L1 90 deg 60 deg 300 deg 10 Lead phase Making target, L1 Making target, L2 Making target, L3 Source_Flux_L3 Resultant_Flux_L3 Target_L3 Pre_arcing_L3 10 Current_L1 Vsource_L1 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Gap_Voltage_L1 Current_L2 Vsource_L2 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Gap_Voltage_L2 Current_L3 Vsource_L3 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Gap_Voltage_L3 GUID-19E903BA-1030-4596-9655-9F03E58DE073 V2 EN Figure 10: 36 Closing on default targets in presence of residual fluxes Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Controlled Switching of Power Transformer using SWITCHSYNC Relay Source_Flux_L1 Resultant_Flux_L1 Target_L1 Pre-arcing_L1 30 20 Residual flux L1 Residual flux L2 Residual flux L3 Source_Flux_L2 Resultant Flux_L2 Target_L2 Pre-arcing_L2 0.00 pu 0.15 pu -0.15 pu Time ms 40 L1 90 deg 67 deg 307 deg 10 Lead phase Making target, L1 Making target, L2 Making target, L3 Source_Flux_L3 Resultant_Flux_L3 Target_L3 Pre_arcing_L3 10 Current_L1 Vsource_L1 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Gap_Voltage_L1 Current_L2 Vsource_L2 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Gap_Voltage_L2 Current_L3 Vsource_L3 Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Gap_Voltage_L3 GUID-AAEDD383-F61C-4993-A153-863A80116F39 V2 EN Figure 11: Closing on corrected targets in presence of residual fluxes For transformers with a 3-limb core or with a secondary or tertiary delta winding (magnetically coupled phases), and with load voltage selected as feedback signal for detection of making instants and reignitions, adaptive correction of closing times is disabled for the last pole to close. The reason is that the voltage across that breaker pole is close to zero as soon as the second pole closes and hence exact determination of the current making instant is not possible. Similarly for controlled opening, adaptive correction of opening times is not done for the first pole to open. 3.4.4 Transmission line and power cable 3.4.4.1 Reference signals For controlled switching, the following analog signals should be connected to the Switchsync PWC600 IED, and configured in Switchsync Setting Tool. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 37 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 14: Reference signals for controlled switching of transmission lines and power cables Purpose 3.4.4.2 Recommended signals Alternate signals Controlled closing reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) - Controlled opening reference Source voltage (1 or 3 phases) Load current (3 phases); only if line charging current 1) primary is ≥10% of “nominal load current” entered in SST 2) secondary is minimum 50 mA. Adaptive correction, re-strike detection Load current (3 phases); preferred for long lines and cables that draw higher charging currents Load voltage (3 phases, phaseto-ground); preferred for short lines and cables where the charging current may be too low for reliable detection Energization During energization of long EHV/UHV transmission lines, switching overvoltages are generated, in particular at the far end of the line. Controlled switching, along with transmission line surge arresters (SA) connected at both ends of the line, can be used to reduce the level of switching overvoltages below the switching impulse withstand level (SIWL) of the line. In this case, the energization targets are aimed just after positive-going zero crossings of the source side voltages in each phase, see Table 15. However, it is advised to perform a system study on each case to ensure proper coordination of the controlled switching system with the ratings of the surge arrestors, so that overvoltages can be brought below SIL with sufficient margin. The targets are the same for any configuration (uncompensated or shunt compensated) of transmission lines and do not require load side voltage measurement. The same energization strategy is applied to power cables, in order to minimize the switching overvoltage. Table 15: Controlled energization strategies for transmission lines and power cables, assuming L1 lead phase Load configuration Lead phase selection Any Random L1 (lead phase) making target Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase-toground voltage L2 making target L3 making target 120° after lead phase 240° after lead phase Figure 12 demonstrates energization of an uncompensated transmission line in discharged condition with above mentioned switching targets, adjusted to the properties of the actual circuit breaker. Here, L1 was randomly selected as lead phase. 38 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Controlled Switching of uncompensated transmission line using SWITCHSYNC Relay Energization Vgap_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Pre-arcing_Time_L1 Electrical_Target_L1 Vline_L1 Vgap_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Pre-arcing_Time_L2 Electrical_Target_L2 Vline_L2 0.2 PU 0.0 PU 0.0 PU Remenance Flux R Remenance Flux Y Remenance Flux B Time (ms) 55 deg Trapped Charge R deg Trapped Charge Y deg Trapped Charge B 45 L1 18 18 18 35 25 Lead phase Making target, Lead phase Making target, second phase Making target, third phase Vgap_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Pre-arcing_Time_L3 Electrical_Target_L3 Vline_L3 GUID-7304E619-6536-486B-A88D-5F6EE604D0E3 V2 EN Figure 12: Controlled energization of discharged uncompensated line (source voltage reference) Moreover, the same controlled energization strategy can be employed during reenergization. However, trapped charges are not taken into account. Thus, the switching overvoltage will likely be higher than during energization of a discharged line or cable, but lower than worst-case uncontrolled reclosing. 3.4.4.3 De-energization De-energization of an unloaded transmission line or power cable may cause re-strikes in the circuit breaker, which may damage the interrupter. Although most modern circuit breaker types are classified as having low or very low probability of re-strike, controlled opening can further reduce the probability of re-strikes. Optimal interruption instants are defined with respect to the load current in each phase. Alternatively, they can be derived from the source voltage by adding a 90° phase shift. Table 16 shows the predefined controlled de-energization strategies for transmission lines and power cables. Table 16: Controlled de-energization strategies for transmission lines and power cables, assuming L1 lead phase Load configuration Lead phase selection Any Random L1 (lead phase) interrupting target Positive-going zero crossing of lead phase current L2 interrupting target 120° after lead phase L3 interrupting target 240° after lead phase Target arcing times depend on the power frequency. The limit values listed in Table 17 apply to all three phases. By default, the arithmetic mean of minimum and maximum arcing times is used. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 39 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 17: Target arcing times for de-energization of transmission lines and power cables System frequency Minimum arcing time Maximum arcing time 50 Hz 4.5 ms 6.5 ms 60 Hz 3.6 ms 5.6 ms An example for controlled de-energization of an uncompensated transmission line is Controlled Switching of uncompensated transmission line using SWITCHSYNC Relay shown in Figure 13. Here, L1 was randomly selected as lead phase. De-energization Current_L1 Vgap_L1 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L1 Arcing_Time_L1 Vsource_L1 Current_L2 Vgap_L2 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L2 Arcing_Time_L2 Vsource_L2 Time (ms) Remenance Flux R Remenance Flux Y Remenance Flux B 50 40 L1 0 deg 0 deg 0 deg 30 20 10 Lead phase Interrupting target, Lead phase Interrupting target, second phase Interrupting target, third phase Current_L3 Vgap_L3 Contact_Gap_Dielectric_Strength_L3 Arcing_Time_L3 Vsource_L3 GUID-38524DED-19AF-45A3-AB14-4AF635777A1E V2 EN Figure 13: 3.4.5 Controlled de-energization of uncompensated transmission line (load current reference) System configuration Mitigation of switching surges highly depends on the state of the surrounding system when a controlled switching operation is executed. In some substation configurations, the same circuit breaker can be used to switch different loads. For example, in a 1½ breakers diameter, the tie breaker (middle breaker) sees a different piece of equipment connected to each terminal. If both loads are to be switched under point-on-wave control, the controlled switching scheme requires two Switchsync PWC600 IEDs plus a suitable selection scheme (to determine which IED controls the switching operation under what circumstances). For a transfer bus coupler bay, the controlled switching scheme may require multiple Switchsync PWC600 IEDs. The number of IEDs shall be carefully assessed, based on equipment connected to various bays of the substation. It can be further optimized by arranging same type of equipment to be switched with a single IED. However, the mitigation effect may be achieved only partially in this case. For circuit breakers with pre-insertion resistors (PIR), controlled switching is recommended only in de-energization operations as energization transients are 40 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Opening Instant L1 25.000 Opening Instant L2 31.667 Opening Instant L3 38.333 ## PU ## PU ## PU Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C mitigated by the PIR. Therefore, it is recommended to wire and configure the Switchsync PWC600 IED to only control CB opening operations in this case. 3.5 Circuit breaker monitoring All signals acquired by the Switchsync PWC600 IED are primarily used for execution and optimization of controlled switching operations. In addition, the same signals can be used for monitoring and supervision of the circuit breaker’s switching performance and its aging (due to number of operations or interrupter wear). On receiving a switching command, the available compensation signals are evaluated for compensation values. After issuing a switching command, the IED monitors the input signals for status changes. The sequence of these events is evaluated to determine actual operating times and further conditions such as re-ignitions/restrikes. All these data are recorded in the operation log. The very first operation records (default: 20) are stored as “fingerprint records” in a separate buffer for later reference. Table 18 summarizes the use of external signals (if available). Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 41 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 18: Circuit breaker monitoring features Signals Current through CB Controlled switching optimization Monitoring and supervision • • Adaptive correction of electrical switching times Idle time compensation of mechanical switching times • • • • • • • • • Load voltage • • Adaptive correction of electrical switching times Idle time compensation of mechanical switching times • • • • • • • • Auxiliary contacts status • • Adaptive correction of mechanical switching times Idle time compensation of mechanical switching times • Electrical switching target errors Electrical making time/ interrupting time Re-ignition/re-strike Interrupter wear (contact ablation, nozzle erosion) Circuit breaker status (open, closed) Idle time (time since last CB operation) Externally initiated switching operation Operation count Count of successful controlled switching operations Electrical switching target errors Electrical making time/ interrupting time Re-ignition/re-strike Circuit breaker status (open, closed) Idle time (time since last CB operation) Externally initiated switching operation Operation count Count of successful controlled switching operations • Mechanical switching target errors Mechanical closing time/ opening time Initial delay time, moving time Contact velocity Idle time Externally initiated switching operation Operation count • • • • • DC control voltage • Voltage compensation of mechanical switching times • Limit supervision Temperature • Temperature compensation of mechanical switching times • Limit supervision Table continues on next page 42 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Signals Controlled switching optimization Monitoring and supervision Drive pressure • Pressure compensation of mechanical switching times • Limit supervision Spring charge • Spring charge compensation of mechanical switching times • Limit supervision Additional quantity (user defined) • Additional compensation of mechanical switching times • Limit supervision For estimating interrupter wear, it is recommended to use protection class CT cores. Various supervision alarms have been defined to indicate if the associated parameter crosses the limit. Each alarm can have two stages: warning and alarm, for which user can define the limits, and which can be individually enabled or disabled. 3.5.1 Electrical operations monitoring Following every controlled switching operation, certain parameters are extracted from recorded voltage and current signals. They are summarized in Table 19. Close and Open commands refer to the control signals given to the circuit breaker drive. Table 19: Monitored electrical parameters Parameter Definition Remarks Circuit breaker status Current through CB, or load voltage, is above threshold For loads of type power transformer, transmission line, or power cable, the nominal load current needs to be set to the expected charging current under no-load conditions. Current making angle Detected instant of current inception, relative to positivegoing reference signal zero crossing Relevant for CB closing operations only. Electrical operating time (making time, interrupting time) Closing (current making): Time from Close command to current inception Obtained from CB current or load voltage signals Opening (current interruption): Time from Open command to final current interruption Arcing time Time from estimated instant of mechanical separation of arcing contacts to final current interruption Relevant only for CB opening operations. Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 43 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Parameter 3.5.1.1 Definition Electrical target error Difference between actual (measured) electrical operating time and target electrical operating time Re-ignition/re-strike Re-occurrence of CB current (or load voltage) detected after the expected current interruption instant Interrupter wear Combined figure of contact erosion, nozzle ablation, and so on, based on interrupted primary current Remarks Every detected re-ignition/restrike increases a counter and increases the target arcing time (up to a set limit). Detection of circuit breaker electrical operation Switchsync PWC600 attempts to detect electrical operation of the circuit breaker (current making or current interruption) from the primary current or load voltage signals. The strategies employed vary by the set load type. • • For capacitor bank and shunt reactor type loads, it can be assumed that load current is generally above dead-band value when energized. Hence, a straightforward level detection is applied, assuming the CB closed whenever the RMS current exceeds the fixed threshold. Alternately when load voltage is used, the presence of voltage is detected. Power transformers exhibit very low magnetizing currents when energized. These currents are usually too low for reliable electrical operation detection. Electrical status detection is therefore based on load voltage only, if available. Electrical and magnetic coupling between phases can mislead the status detection algorithm. Hence, it is recommended to connect auxiliary contacts to the IED to allow mechanical status detection especially when load voltage is not used to detect the electrical operations. • For transmission lines and cables, the charging current depends on the length and other parameters. Therefore, Switchsync PWC600 specially analyzes the first ten controlled switching operations, to determine whether the charging current is above dead-band value. If yes, the same level detection as for a capacitor bank is applied. If not, then electrical operations monitoring is not performed and timing values are shown as zero. In this case, it is recommended to use load voltage as reference signal for electrical operation detection. During the first ten controlled switching operations, the operation mode (in operation log) is displayed as “N/A”. 44 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C • For user-defined loads, the algorithm determines whether the load type is fixed (for example, Capacitor bank and Reactor) during the first ten switching operations. If yes then electrical status is also evaluated based on load current. If not then load voltage must be used, or electrical status detection is not possible. • In case of electrical or magnetic coupling of the phases in the load, with load voltage being used for electrical operation detection, special filtering algorithms are employed to detect the current making and current interruption instants in each phase. In case of a weak source, switching operations may cause voltage interference between phases for loads that are not solidly grounded. Therefore it is recommended to use current as feedback signal. For most load types (excluding transmission line or cable or power transformer), electrical status detection (conducting or isolating) is also performed based on load current. If load voltage is set as reference signal, electrical status detection is always performed based on these signals. The results can be used for displaying CB status or for idle time compensation. 3.5.1.2 Calculation of interrupter wear In new condition, a circuit breaker is rated for a certain number of mechanical operations, that is, interrupting no or very low currents. It is also rated for a certain (low) number of operations interrupting maximum fault current. Between these extremes, the interrupted current in every Open operation causes some erosion of the contacts and ablation of the nozzles, until the CB loses its ability to reliably switch off currents. This interrupter wear characteristic is often given in form of a curve. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 45 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Number of switching operations 10000 1000 100 10 0 IntTh1 10 20 30 40 50 interrupted current (kA) 60 70 IntTh2 GUID-3DCD06E6-F638-4749-BF54-34B54D94B140 V1 EN Figure 14: Example of interrupter wear characteristic of a circuit breaker rated for 10000 mechanical operations (interrupting currents up to 3500 A) or 20 interruptions of 63 kA fault current Switchsync PWC600 calculates interrupter wear as the equivalent number of mechanical operations that the circuit breaker has lost after interrupting a specific current. The algorithm for calculation of interrupter wear is explained in the Technical Manual. It is recommended to contact ABB for obtaining the optimal coefficients for interrupter wear of any circuit breaker type that is not included in the CB library of SST. 3.5.2 Mechanical operations monitoring Following every switching operation, certain parameters are calculated from recorded instants of auxiliary contacts' changeover. They are summarized in Table 20, assuming both contact types (NO/52a and NC/52b) are connected to the Switchsync PWC600 IED. Close and Open commands refer to the control signals given to the circuit breaker drive. 46 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C Table 20: Monitored mechanical parameters Parameter Definition Remarks Initial delay time Closing: TNC = Time from Close command to opening of NC (52b) contact Opening: TNO = Time from Open command to opening of NO (52a) contact Can be calculated only if respective auxiliary contact signals are available. Moving time TNONC Closing: TNO – TNC = Time from opening of NC (52b) to closing of NO (52a) contact Opening: TNC – TNO = Time from opening of NO (52a) to closing of NC (52b) contact Can be calculated only if both auxiliary contact signals are available. Linear contact velocity vNONC (dNO – dNC)/TNONC = Nominal distance between NC (52b) and NO (52a) contacts divided by moving time Not necessarily identical to true velocity obtained from travel sensor signal. Can be calculated only if both auxiliary contact signals are available. Mechanical operating time (closing time, opening time) Closing: Tmain = Time from Close command to estimated point of contact touch Opening: Tmain = Time from Open command to estimated point of contact separation Linear estimation, based on contact velocity (vNONC). Mechanical target error Difference between actual (measured) mechanical operating time and target mechanical operating time Unstable operating times Fluctuation between several consecutive operating times higher than threshold Indication of unstable operating times must be cleared manually. Figure 15 shows a typical circuit breaker Close operation, to demonstrate the mechanical monitoring parameters. The main portion of the linear travel curve (gray) is approximated by a straight line (black) connecting the changeover points of NC (52b) and NO (52a) auxiliary contacts. The vertical axis marks the time when the closing command is given to the CB drive (t=0). Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 47 Section 3 Application 1MRK 511 346 C dNC dNO travel time TNC (Tmain) TNO GUID-54A36C70-49D1-40A3-AE26-A8C7A5B44E9E V1 EN Figure 15: 48 Definition of mechanical monitoring parameters for a CB Close operation. Definition for Open operations is equivalent. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 4 Installation 1MRK 511 346 C Section 4 Installation 4.1 Unpacking, inspecting and storing 4.1.1 Removing transport packaging IEDs require careful handling. 1. 2. Examine the delivered products to ensure that they have not been damaged during the transport. Remove the transport packing carefully without force. The cardboard packaging material is 100% recyclable. 4.1.2 Inspecting the product 4.1.2.1 Identifying the product 1. 2. 4.1.2.2 Locate the IED's order number from the label attached to the IED's case. Compare the IED's order number with the ordering information to verify that the received product is correct. Checking delivery items Check that all items are included in the delivery in accordance with the delivery documents. 4.1.2.3 Inspecting the IED IEDs require careful handling before installation on site. • Check the IED to see if any damage occurred during transportation. If the IED has been damaged during transportation, make a claim against the transport contractor, and notify the local ABB representative. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 49 Section 4 Installation 4.1.2.4 1MRK 511 346 C Returning an IED damaged in transit If damage has occurred during transport, appropriate actions must be taken against the latest carrier. Please inform the nearest ABB office or representative. Notify ABB immediately if there are any discrepancies in relation to the delivery documents. 4.1.3 Storing If the IED is stored before installation, it must be done in the original transport packaging in a dry and dust free place. Observe the environmental requirements stated in the technical data section. 4.2 Checking environmental conditions and mounting space The mechanical and electrical environmental conditions at the installation site must be within the limits described in the technical data. • • • 4.3 Rack mounting the IED 1. 50 Avoid installation in dusty, damp places. Avoid places susceptible to rapid temperature variations, powerful vibrations and shocks, surge voltages of high amplitude and fast rise time, strong induced magnetic fields or similar extreme conditions. Check that sufficient space is available. Sufficient space is needed at the front and rear of the IED to allow access to wires and optical fibres and to enable maintenance and future modifications. Attach the mounting brackets to both ends of the IED using the screws enclosed with the rack mounting kit. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 4 Installation 1MRK 511 346 C 1 1 2 2 D0E523T201305141600 V1 EN Figure 16: Mounting the brackets 1 Mounting brackets 2 Screws 2. 3. 4. Tighten the screws using a Torx T25 screwdriver. Mount the IED with the rack mounting panels to the 19" rack. Tighten the screws. E A D B C D0E526T201305141600 V2 EN Figure 17: Rack mounted 3U IED A 57.2 mm (2.25 inches) B 224 mm (8.82 inches) + 12 mm (0.47 inches) with ring-lug connector C 25.5 mm (1 inch) D 482 mm (19 inches) E Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 132 mm (5.20 inches), 3U 51 Section 4 Installation 4.4 1MRK 511 346 C Arranging ventilation Ventholes are located at the bottom and on the back plate of the IED. Reserve sufficient space around the IED to ensure adequate ventilation. • • • 52 Reserve at least 2U below and above the unit. Reserve for rack mount approximately 10 cm behind the unit, measured from the surface of the cover. Ensure sufficient space for the wiring and the installation of cable ducts. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C 5.1 Connectors X9 X10 X1 X2 X3 X324 X329 X102 X8 X321 X326 X319 X101 X0 X420 Hardware interfaces X317 Section 5 GUID-79B91E2D-81CF-4D4C-9DD3-708CC2BA7204 V2 EN Figure 18: Rear panel connectors Table 21: Interfaces used in the default pre-configuration of the Switchsync PWC600 IED Connector Description X0 Connection for Detached HMI (Not used in Switchsync PWC600) X1 Station bus: IEC61850-8-1, Web interface X2 Redundant station bus, optional X3 Process bus, sampled values from IEC 61850-9-2LE compliant merging units X8 EIA-485 and IRIG-B serial connection X9 Legacy optical serial communication (Not used in Switchsync PWC600) X10 Optical 1PPS signal input for time synchronisation X101, X102 Conventional CT and VT inputs X317, X326 Signalling outputs X319 IRF (Internal failure output) X321 Open and close command outputs X324 Circuit breaker auxiliary switch position inputs X329 Close/Open command and CB drive energy status inputs X420 Auxliary supply voltage input 5.2 Physical connections 5.2.1 Connecting protective earthing Connect the IED to earth using a 16.0 mm2 flat copper cable. Use an earth lead of maximum 1500 mm. Notice that extra length is required for door mounting. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 53 Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C 1. Loosen the nut from the protective earth pin to connect a separate earth protection lead. D0E13861T201305151403 V1 EN Figure 19: The protective ground pin is located to the left of connector X101 on the 3U full 19” case Each IED must have its own earth lead connected to the earth circuit connector. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5.2.2 Connect the earth lead to the earth bar. Thread the copper cable on the protective earth pin. Tighten the nut on the protective earth pin. Support the earth lead so that it cannot break or weaken. Observe the situations for mechanical, chemical or electrochemical conditions. Connecting wires 1. 2. 3. 4. Connect each signal connector terminal with one 0.5...2.5 mm2 wire or with two 0.5...1.0 mm2 wires. Connect each compression type (X101 and X102) terminal for CTs/VTs with one 0.5...6.0 mm2 wire or with two of maximum 2.5 mm2 wires. Connect each terminal on the communication module for IRIG-B with one 0.2 - 1.0 mm2 wire. Connect each terminal on the communication module for EIA-485 with one 0.2 - 1.0 mm2 wire. See the sections for product-specific terminal assignments in the preconfiguration. 54 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C 5.2.2.1 Connecting to screw-compression type terminals Terminal blocks of screw-compression type are used for electrical connections. 1. 2. Open the screw terminal before inserting a wire into it for the first time. To open the screw terminal, turn the fixing screw anti-clockwise until the terminal hole is wide open (the inside of the terminal hole is surrounded by metal). Insert the wire and turn the fixing screw clockwise until the wire is firmly fixed. 5.3 Inputs 5.3.1 Measuring inputs Each terminal for CTs/VTs is dimensioned for one 0.5...6.0 mm2 wire or for two wires of maximum 2.5 mm2. Table 22: Connector Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Conventional CT and VT inputs Pin Signal X101 1 L1 I N X101 2 L1 I L X101 3 L2 I N X101 4 L2 I L X101 5 L3 I N X101 6 L3 I L X101 7 - X101 8 - X101 9 L1 V1 N X101 10 L1 V1 L X102 1 L2 V1 N X102 2 L2 V1 L X102 3 L3 V1 N X102 4 L3 V1 L X102 5 L1 V2 N X102 6 L1 V2 L X102 7 L2 V2 N X102 8 L2 V2 L X102 9 L3 V2 N X102 10 L3 V2 L Description Software signal L1 phase current TRM_2.CH1(I) L2 phase current TRM_2.CH2(I) L3 phase current TRM_2.CH3(I) Not used TRM_2.CH4(I) Source voltage L1 / L1-L2 / only available single phase TRM_2.CH5(U) Source voltage L2 / L2-L3 TRM_2.CH6(U) Source voltage L3 / L3-L1 TRM_2.CH7(U) Load voltage L1 (optional) TRM_2.CH8(U) Load voltage L2 (optional) TRM_2.CH9(U) Load voltage L3 (optional) TRM_2.CH10(U) 55 Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C A single-phase reference VT shall always be connected to terminals X101:9-10, regardless which system phase(s) it measures. If it does not measure L1 then the application configuration should be adjusted for proper recording and display of the signals. The CT connector features an automatic short-circuit mechanism for the current terminals. Therefore, detaching the connector from the unit will not open the secondary circuit of the CT, which otherwise could cause dangerously high voltages. To avoid mismatch between CT and VT connections the connectors are mechanically encoded and cannot be inserted in the wrong location. 5.3.2 Auxiliary supply voltage input The auxiliary voltage of the IED is connected to terminals X420-1 and X420-2/3. The terminals used depend on the power supply. The permitted auxiliary voltage range of the IED is marked on the identification sticker on the IED's enclosure. Table 23: Auxliary supply voltage input Connector Pin Signal Description X420 1 UB- IED supply voltage (battery voltage) X420 2 UB+ Me IED supply voltage (battery voltage) for 48…125V DC variant X420 3 UB+ Hi IED supply voltage (battery voltage) for 110… 250V DC variant Software signal PSM_102.BATTAMPL Connect the power supply only to connector X420. Since connectors X420 and X319 are the same size, make sure not to accidentally connect the power supply to connector X319. 5.3.3 Binary inputs Each connector terminal is connected with one 0.5...2.5 mm2 wire or with two 0.5...1.0 mm2 wires. 56 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C Table 24: Connector Circuit breaker auxiliary switch position inputs Pin Signal Description Software signal X324 1 L1 NO/52a - UB- PIO_3.PBI4 X324 2 L1 NO/52a + L1 auxiliary contact NO (52a), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 3 L2 NO/52a - UB- X324 4 L2 NO/52a + L2 auxiliary contact NO (52a), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 5 L3 NO/52a - UB- X324 6 L3 NO/52a + L3 auxiliary contact NO (52a), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 7 L1 NC/52b - UB- X324 8 L1 NC/52b + L1 auxiliary contact NC (52b), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 9 L2 NC/52b - UB- X324 10 L2 NC/52b + L2 auxiliary contact NC (52b), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 11 L3 NC/52b - UB- X324 12 L3 NC/52b + L3 auxiliary contact NC (52b), the other pole of which is connected to UB+ X324 13 L1 prim - UB- X324 14 L1 prim + L1 primary contact (make available on terminal; only used during commissioning) X324 15 L2 prim - UB- X324 16 L2 prim + L2 primary contact (make available on terminal; only used during commissioning) X324 17 L3 prim - UB- X324 18 L3 prim + L3 primary contact (make available on terminal; only used during commissioning) PIO_3.PBI5 PIO_3.PBI6 PIO_3.PBI7 PIO_3.PBI8 PIO_3.PBI9 PIO_3.PBI10 PIO_3.PBI11 PIO_3.PBI12 For full timing accuracy, a resistor for discharging the cable capacitance should be permanently connected in parallel to each precision binary input. Resistance value and power rating depend on the length of the wires between IED and the circuit breaker, and the nominal battery voltage. Table 25 lists some suggested values. Table 25: Cable length Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Recommended shunt resistor ratings for precision binary inputs 110…127 V supply 220…250 V supply Up to 30 m 100 kΩ, 0.5 W 100 kΩ, 2 W Up to 150 m 33 kΩ, 2 W 33 kΩ, 5 W Up to 300 m 15 kΩ, 3 W 15 kΩ, 15 W Above 300 m 4.7 kΩ, 10 W 4.7 kΩ, 30 W 57 Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C Table 26: Connector Inputs for close/open commands and CB drive energy level Pin Signal X329 1 Close in - X329 2 Close in + X329 4 Open in - X329 5 Open in + X329 8 X329 Description Software signal Close command input from bay control BIO_4.BI1 Open command input from bay control BIO_4.BI2 L1 Spr - L1 spring charge level (common terminal) * 9 L1 Spr OCObk + L1 spring charge level: OCO blocked BIO_4.BI4 X329 10 L1 Spr CObk + L1 spring charge level: CO blocked BIO_4.BI5 X329 12 L2 Spr - L2 spring charge level (common terminal) * X329 13 L2 Spr OCObk + L2 spring charge level: OCO blocked BIO_4.BI6 X329 14 L2 Spr CObk + L2 spring charge level: CO blocked BIO_4.BI7 X329 16 L3 Spr - L3 spring charge level (common terminal) * X329 17 L3 Spr OCObk + L3 spring charge level: OCO blocked BIO_4.BI8 X329 18 L3 Spr CObk + L3 spring charge level: CO blocked BIO_4.BI9 X321 13 LED Rst - Reset latched status LEDs PIO_3.PBI1 X321 14 LED Rst + Reset latched status LEDs * No separate software designation, as this is the common terminal for the next two signals. 5.4 Outputs 5.4.1 Outputs for circuit breaker control Each connector terminal is connected with one 0.5...2.5 mm2 wire or with two 0.5...1.0 mm2 wires. Table 27: Connector Open and close command outputs Pin Signal X321 1 L1 Close - X321 2 L1 Close + X321 3 L2 Close - X321 4 L2 Close + X321 5 L3 Close - X321 6 L3 Close + X321 7 L1 Open - X321 8 L1 Open + Description Software signal Controlled close command output L1 PIO_3.PBO1 Controlled close command output L2 PIO_3.PBO2 Controlled close command output L3 PIO_3.PBO3 Controlled open command output L1 PIO_3.PBO4 Table continues on next page 58 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C Connector 5.4.2 Pin Signal X321 9 L2 Open - X321 10 L2 Open + X321 11 L3 Open - X321 12 L3 Open + Description Software signal Controlled open command output L2 PIO_3.PBO5 Controlled open command output L3 PIO_3.PBO6 Outputs for signalling Signal output contacts are used for signalling alarms and warning conditions. Each signal connector terminal is connected with one 0.5...2.5 mm2 wire or with two 0.5...1.0 mm2 wires. Table 28: Connector 5.4.3 Signalling outputs Pin X317 13 X317 14 X317 15 X317 16 X317 17 X317 18 X326 7 X326 8 X326 9 X326 10 X326 11 X326 12 X326 Signal Description Software signal Al Discr NO Alarm: Breaker testing discrepancy trip PSM_102.BO7_SO Al 9-2 NO Warning: Loss of 9-2 data or synchronization PSM_102.BO8_SO Al SigPr NO Alarm: Error in signal processing PSM_102.BO9_SO Wa Reig NO Warning: Re-Strike / re-ignition detected BIO_4.BO4_SO Wa Accur NO Warning: Reduced accuracy of last controlled switching operations BIO_4.BO5_SO Wa LComp NO Warning: Loss of compensation signal BIO_4.BO6_SO 13 Wa Thresh NO Threshold supervision warning BIO_4.BO7_SO X326 14 Al Thresh NO Threshold supervision alarm BIO_4.BO8_SO X326 15 Thresh Com Threshold supervision (common) - X326 16 Wa Uncont NC 17 Wa Uncont NO Warning: Controlled switching not possible BIO_4.BO9_SO X326 X326 18 Wa Uncont Com IRF The IRF contact functions as a change-over output contact for the self-supervision system of the IED. Under normal operating conditions, the IED is energized and one of the two contacts is closed. When a fault is detected by the self-supervision system or the auxiliary voltage is disconnected, the closed contact drops off and the other contact closes. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 59 Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C Each signal connector terminal is connected with one 0.5...2.5 mm2 wire or with two 0.5...1.0 mm2 wires. Table 29: Connector 5.5 Internal failure output Pin Signals Description X319 1 IRF NO Closed: no IRF, and Ub connected X319 2 IRF NC Closed: IRF, or Ub disconnected X319 3 IRF Com IRF, common Communication interfaces The IED's LHMI is provided with an RJ-45 connector. This interface is intended for configuration and setting purposes. Station bus and process bus communication runs on the communication module via the optical interfaces (LC Ethernet connectors) on the rear panel. If both are used, the process bus shall run as a separate network from the station bus to prevent interference of control data with the sampled values stream. Rear communication via the X8/EIA-485/IRIG-B connector uses a communication module with the galvanic EIA-485 serial connection. The HMI connector X0 and the serial interface X9 are not used in Switchsync PWC600. 5.5.1 Ethernet RJ-45 front connection The IED's LHMI is provided with an RJ-45 connector designed for point-to-point use. This interface is intended for configuration and setting purposes. The interface on the PC has to be configured in a way that it obtains the IP address automatically if the DHCP server is enabled in LHMI. The DHCP server inside the IED can be activated for the front interface only. Usually this port is used only for temporary connection, thus no permanent wiring is required. Events, setting values and all input data such as operation records and waveform records can be read via the front communication port. Only one of the possible clients can be used for parametrization at a time. • • • PCM600 LHMI WHMI The default IP address of the IED through this port is 10.1.150.3. 60 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C The front port supports TCP/IP protocol. A standard Ethernet CAT 5 crossover cable with RJ-45 connector is used with the front port. 5.5.2 Station communication rear connection The default IP address of the IED through the rear Ethernet port is 192.168.1.10. The physical connector is X1/LAN1 A. The communication speed is 100 Mbps for the 100BASE-FX LC interface. For redundant communication, X1/LAN1 A and X2/LAN1 B can be used. Table 30: Station bus Connector Pin Signals Description X1 All LAN1 A Station bus X2 All LAN1 B Redundant station bus, optional For specification of the optical fibers to be used, see the corresponding technical data table. 5.5.3 EIA-485 serial rear connection The communication module follows the EIA-485 standard and is intended to be used in multi-point communication. Table 31: Connector Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual EIA-485 and IRIG-B connections Pin Signals Description X8 1 RS485_GNDC RS485 ground through capacitance X8 2 RS485_RXTERM Termination for RS485 receiver X8 3 RS485_RX + RS485 receiver X8 4 RS485_TXTERM Termination for RS485 transmitter X8 5 RS485_SIGGND Signal ground for RS485 X8 6 IRIG-B - Time synchronization input X8 7 IRIG-B_GNDC IRIG-B ground through capacitance X8 8 RS485_GND RS485 ground X8 9 RS485_RX - RS485 receiver X8 10 RS485_TX + RS485 transmitter X8 11 RS485_TX - RS485 transmitter X8 12 RS485_SIGGND Signal ground for RS485 X8 13 IRIG-B + Time synchronization input X8 14 IRIG-B_GND IRIG-B ground 61 Section 5 Hardware interfaces 1MRK 511 346 C EIA-485 communication is not enabled in this product. 5.5.4 Process bus rear connection Switchsync PWC600 can receive digital sampled values (voltage and/or current) via IEC 61850-9-2(LE) on its X3/LAN2 A interface. Up to four logical merging units can be connected, which are distinguished by their sampled values ID (svID). The specifications of X3 are identical to X1 and X2. Hardware synchronization of the sampled values is achieved by a 1PPS signal received on optical input X10. Time synchronization via SNTP or IRIG-B cannot be used for this purpose. If the 9-2 process values to Switchsync PWC600 originate from two or more separate physical merging units, they should be synchronized to the same master. Otherwise, occasional communication interruptions may occur. Table 32: Connector X3 Table 33: Connector X10 Process bus Pin Signals All 9-2LE Description Process bus: sampled values from one or more merging units compliant to IEC 61850-9-2 LE Optical 1PPS signal Pin Signals Rx 1PPS Description Optical 1PPS signal from time synchronization master For specification of the optical fibers to be used, see the corresponding technical data table. 5.5.5 Recommended industrial Ethernet switches ABB recommends ABB industrial Ethernet switches. 5.6 Connection diagrams The connection diagrams are delivered on the IED Connectivity package DVD as part of the product delivery. They can be accessed through the IED's context menu (item Documentation), or directly on the DVD. 62 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 1MRK 511 346 C Section 5 Hardware interfaces The latest versions of the connection diagrams can be downloaded from http://new.abb.com/high-voltage/monitoring/switchsync. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 63 64 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C Section 6 Setting up a project 6.1 PCM600 projects A typical project in PCM600 contains a plant structure including one or several IED objects, where each IED object contains the engineering data created or modified using the different PCM600 tools. Several projects can be created and managed by PCM600, but only one project can be active at a time. Use the Run as administrator option while opening PCM600. Selection is available on right click of PCM600 icon. Switchsync PWC600 requires PCM600 Ver.2.5 or higher. 6.2 Installing Connectivity packages A Connectivity package contains the complete description of the IED data signals, parameters and protocol addresses for a certain IED type and version. Several types of IEDs can be managed in one PCM600 project, thus the corresponding Connectivity package has to be installed on the PC. Connectivity Packages and Connectivity Package Updates are managed in Update Manager. PCM600 must be installed before the connectivity packages can be installed. 6.2.1 Installing IED Connectivity package from DVD The Connectivity package is available on the DVD that is distributed with the IED. 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Close PCM600 before running the IED connectivity package installation. Select and run setup.exe. It is recommended to run the .exe as ‘Run as administrator’. 65 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-0780D726-2EC9-4C00-906A-572003095984 V2 EN Figure 20: 3. 4. 5. 6.2.2 Installing Switchsync™ PWC600 Connectivity Package Select the connectivity package and modules to install by marking the corresponding check boxes. Press Install to start installation of the selected packages. Press Next to confirm the selection. The user will be guided through the installation of various packages. Installing IED Connectivity package from Update Manager Update Manager has been installed together with, but is a separate program from, PCM600. It gives access to the latest updates of software and documentation for ABB Relion products. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 66 Close PCM600 before running Update Manager. Start Update Manager by double-clicking on the desktop icon, or from the corresponding Start menu item. If queried whether Update Manager should be started with Administrator rights, click Run As Administrator. Confirm the User Account Control question by clicking Yes, to allow Update Manager to make changes to the computer. After start-up, Update Manager automatically checks for available software updates. This is indicated by a status message with animated icon in the bottom left corner of the main window. Wait until the message “Update completed” is displayed there. In the left frame, click Get Connectivity Packages. The right frame brings up a list of available products. In the right frame, check the checkbox for “PWC600 Series”. This will include all product related software and documentation in the installation. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C 8. If desired, click on the + icon for expanding the tree node, to individually select or deselect individual software modules. 9. Click Download and Install to start the installation. 10. Read and accept the license agreement and click OK. 11. Installation progress is indicated by text with animated icon in the bottom left corner of the main window. Wait until the message “Completed” is displayed there. 12. After completing the installation, you may exit Update Manager by clicking Close. 6.3 Project managing in PCM600 Different project management task are possible in PCM600. • • • • • • • • Opening existing projects Importing projects Creating new projects Exporting projects Deleting projects Renaming projects Copying and pasting projects Migrating projects from one product version to another It is possible to open projects created in previous versions of PCM600 to the current version, but the opposite is not possible. Extensions of the exported project file is *.pcmp and those files are only used for exporting and importing the projects between different instances of PCM600. Creating a new project 1. 2. 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Select File and Open/Manage Project to see the projects that are currently available in the PCMDataBases. Open Projects on my computer. Click the New Project icon. To create new project, currently open projects and object tools must be closed. The New Project window opens, see Figure 21. 67 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C D0E951T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 21: 4. 6.4 PCM600: Create a new project window Name the project and include a description (optional) and click Create. PCM600 sets up a new project that is listed under Projects on my computer. Building a plant structure The plant structure is used to identify each IED in its location within the substation organization. It is a structural image of the substation and the bays within the substation. The organization structure for the IEDs may differ from the structure of the primary equipment in the substation. In PCM600 it is possible to set up a hierarchical structure of five levels for the IED identification. Build up the plant structure according to the project requirements. PCM600 offers several levels to build the hierarchical order down to the IEDs in a bay. Five levels are available. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 68 Project = Project name Substation = Name of the substation Voltage Level = identifies to which grid type or part in the substation the IED belongs to Bay = Bay within the voltage level IED = selection of the IED, which is used in the bay. Several IEDs are possible within a bay, for example one bay controller, one point-on-wave controller and two protection IEDs. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C D0E845T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 22: PCM600: Set up a plant structure Once a plant structure is built each level in the structure should be renamed by the names/identifications used in the grid. Use the right mouse button to build the plant structure by selecting the elements from the context menu. Rename the level after insertion, using the Rename option or the Object Properties. Figure 22 shows the start of a project with one IED placed but not yet individually renamed. The plant structure can be built to correspond to the complete grid including the needed IEDs. Build a plant structure in one of the alternative ways. • • • 6.4.1 Right-click the plant structure and select New and Create from Template. Right-click in the plant structure and select New/General and select one of the elements IED Group or Substation. Click View in the menu bar and select Object Types. Select the needed elements and drag and drop them into the plant structure. Close the window if it does not close automatically. IEC 61850 naming conventions to identify an IED This section is only applicable when the IEC 61850 standard is used for station bus communication. According to IEC 61850-6 clause 8.4, the SCL model allows two kinds of project designation in the object properties. • • A technical key is used on engineering drawings and for signal identifications. The technical key is used within SCL for referencing other objects. Observe that name is a relative identification within a hierarchy of objects. A user oriented textual designation is contained in attribute desc. Attributes are not allowed to contain carriage return, line feed or tab characters. The semantics of desc shall also be relative within an object hierarchy. PCM600 takes care of these two possibilities. The two possible signal designations are available per object in the object properties for all hierarchical levels beginning with the station as the highest level. The IED’s object property Caption is copied to the desc attribute in the SCL file, the technical key to the name attribute. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 69 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C The technical key is automatically generated based on the rules and type specifications of IEC 81346 and the extended definitions done for substations by a technical committee. The technical key is shown in the Object Properties under SCL Technical Key and Technical Key. • • • • The station level is predefined by "AA1", where 1 is the index. The voltage level is predefined by "J1", where 1 is the index. The bay level is predefined by "Q01", where 01 is the index. The IED is predefined by "A1", where 1 is the index. The predefined full path name of the technical key for the first IED would be AA1J1Q01A1. For all practical engineering purposes (both towards the IED and towards the 61850 engineering process), the user should keep the default SCL technical key. It is however possible, due to for example company naming policies, to rename the SCL technical key for the station level, voltage level, bay level and IED level using the Object properties window as shown in Figure 23. • • • • The station level has been renamed as "DMSTAT" The voltage level has been renamed as "C1" The bay level has been renamed as "Q1" The IED has been renamed as "SB1" The renamed full path name of the technical key for the IED would be DMSTATC1Q1SB1. 70 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C IEC08000374.vsd D0E875T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 23: 6.5 PCM600: IEC 61850 object designation concept Inserting an IED The context menu or the Object Types view shows the available IEDs possible to insert, on the bay level in the plant structure, according to the installed connectivity package. On the bay level in the plant structure it is possible to: • Insert an IED in Offline mode or in Online mode: • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Online mode: When the IED is already connected to PCM600 and the communication is established, PCM600 can read the configuration directly from the physical IED. This is useful when an order specific IED is used. The order configuration is written to the IED at the factory and can be accessed by PCM600. The housing type, the used overlay version for local HMI and the IO boards included in the IED will be read from the IED directly. Offline mode: When the physical IED is not available or not connected to PCM600 the engineering steps are done without any synchronization with 71 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C the IED. The offline configuration in PCM600 can be synchronized with the physical IED at a later state by connecting the IED to PCM600. • • Import a template IED available in the template library as a *.pcmt file. Import a configured IED available as a *.pcmi file. Since the SST tool in PCM600 has a dependency on the preconfiguration, import a configured IED, that is, *.pcmi file. The pcmi file is supplied on the DVD distributed with the IED. 6.5.1 Inserting a configured IED Configured IEDs in PCM600 are available as *.pcmi files and include all information that is related to the IED object in PCM600. The configured IEDs are bound to a specific hardware configuration. Configured IEDs are available on the Connpack DVD as .pcmi files in the folder named Configurations. 1. Right-click the bay and select Import to select the IED configuration file (*.pcmi). IEC09000644-1-en.vsd D0E1127T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 24: 2. 3. 4. 5. 72 Import an IED from the context menu Import the *.pcmi file from the bay level in the plant structure. Click OK to insert the new IED object in the plant structure. Modify the configuration according to the needed application. Write the configuration to the IED. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C 6.5.2 Inserting an IED from the template library A template is a complete description of an IED including the full configuration as well as the parameter values of the tool components. ABB provides default templates through Update Manager. Furthermore, an IED in the plant structure can be exported as a template (*.pcmt). The user can build up a template library with all the exported IED templates. It is possible to insert an IED from the template library to create a new IED in the plant structure. Change the IP address, the name and the technical key that corresponds to the physical IED after a template IED has been imported. A template IED can only be inserted when the bay is selected in the plant structure. 1. 2. Right-click the Bay in the plant structure. Select New and Create from Template to open the Create New Object from Template window. GUID-1A34A545-3F93-4F87-8FBA-A4C4EB84E27A V2 EN Figure 25: 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Creating new object from template Under Available Object Types, open the Transmission IEDs object tree and select PWC600. 73 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C 4. Under Available Templates for 'PWC600', select the appropriate IED from the list of available IEDs. The available default templates shown in the list depend on the Pre Configuration selection in Settings of Update Manager. 5. Click the icon in the right column of the list of available templates to open Template Properties. Verify the template information, and click Close to close the window. D0E1092T201305141505 V3 EN Figure 26: 6. PCM600: IED Template Properties Click Delete Template to delete the template, click Import Template to import a template from the selection window or click Create to insert the selected IED to the bay. It is possible to insert more than one IED from the Create New Object from Template window. The selection window remains open until the user clicks Close. 74 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C 6.5.3 Setting an IED's IP address in the project The IED object in PCM600 must have the same IP address and subnetwork mask as the front or rear port on the physical IED to which the PC is connected. The IP address of the physical IEDs front and rear port cannot be set from PCM600 but only from LHMI. Set the IP address via the IP address property of the IED in the Object Properties window. 1. 2. Select the IED to enter the IP address. Right-click the IED and select the port that shall be used for communication with the IED. GUID-5C035EF2-6C3D-46A1-A77D-B994B07AA0D7 V1 EN Figure 27: 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Selecting communication port Open the Object Properties window. 75 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1391T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 28: 4. Setting IP address via IED Object Properties window Place the cursor in the IP address field and enter the IP address. The IP address of each IED in the PCM600 project has to be unique for the communication to the IED to work. 6.6 Setting up communication between PCM600 and the IED The communication between the IED and PCM600 is independent of the communication protocol used within the substation or to the NCC. The communication media is always Ethernet and the used protocol is TCP/IP. Each IED has an RJ-45 Ethernet interface connector on the front. The front Ethernet connector can be used for communication with PCM600. When an Ethernet-based station protocol is used, PCM600 communication can use the same Ethernet port and IP address. To connect PCM600 to the IED, two basic variants must be considered. • • 76 Direct point-to-point link between PCM600 and the IED front port. Indirect link via a station LAN or from remote via a network. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C The physical connection and the IP address must be configured in both cases to enable communication. The communication procedures are the same in both cases. 1. 2. 3. 4. If needed, set the IP address for the IEDs. Set up the PC or workstation for a direct link (point-to-point), or Connect the PC or workstation to the LAN/WAN network. Configure the IED IP addresses in the PCM600 project for each IED to match the IP addresses of the physical IEDs. Setting up IP addresses The IP address and the corresponding mask must be set via the LHMI for each available Ethernet interface in the IED. Each Ethernet interface has a default factory IP address when the IED is delivered. This is not given when an additional Ethernet interface is installed or an interface is replaced. • The default IP address for the IED front port is 10.1.150.3 and the corresponding subnetwork mask is 255.255.255.0, which can be set via the local HMI path Main menu/Configuration/Communication/TCP-IP configuration/ETHFRNT:1. Setting up the PC or workstation for point-to-point access to IEDs front port A special cable is needed to connect two physical Ethernet interfaces together without a hub, router, bridge or switch in between. The Tx and Rx signal wires must be crossed in the cable to connect Tx with Rx on the other side and vice versa. These cables are known as cross over cables. The maximum length is 2 m. The connector type is RJ-45. IED RJ-45 PCM600 Tx Tx Rx Rx IEC09000096-2-en.vsd D0E1094T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 29: Point-to-point link between IED and PCM600 using a cross-over Ethernet cable The following description is an example valid for standard PCs using Microsoft Windows operating system. The example is taken from a Laptop with one Ethernet interface. Administrator rights are required to change the PC communication setup. Some PCs have the feature to automatically detect that Tx Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 77 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C signals from the IED are received on the Tx pin on the PC. In this case, a straight (standard) Ethernet cable can be used. When a PC is connected to the IED and the setting DHCPServer is set to On via the local HMI path Main menu/Configuration/Communication/TCP-IP configuration/ETHFRNT:1/DHCPServer, the IED's embedded DHCP server for the front port assigns an IP address for the PC. The PC must be configured to obtain its IP address automatically as described in the following procedure. 1. 2. Select Search programs and files in the Windows Start menu. Type View network connections and click on the View network connections icon. IEC13000058-1-en.vsd D0E1352T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 30: 3. 78 Click View network connections Right-click on Local Area Connection and select Properties. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C IEC13000059-1-en.vsd D0E1355T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 31: 4. Right-click Local Area Connection and select Properties Select the TCP/IPv4 protocol from the list of configured components using this connection and click Properties. IEC13000060-1-en.vsd D0E1358T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 32: 5. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Select the TCP/IPv4 protocol and open Properties Select Obtain an IP address automatically if the parameter DHCPServer is set to On in the IED. 79 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C IEC13000061-1-en.vsd D0E1361T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 33: 6. 80 Select: Obtain an IP address automatically Select Use the following IP address and define IP address and Subnet mask if the front port is used and if the IP address is not set to be obtained automatically by the IED, see Figure 34. The IP address must be different from the IP address chosen for the IED. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C IEC13000062-1-en.vsd D0E1364T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 34: 7. Select: Use the following IP address Close all open windows by clicking OK and start PCM600. Setting up the PC to access the IED via a network This task depends on the used LAN/WAN network. The PC and IED must belong to the same subnetwork for this set-up to work. Security warning Communication with the IED installs the server certificate. If the User Account Control setting is set to high, Windows sends a notification indicating the change. A popup window appears containing a security warning message. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 81 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-74BB5228-520F-4031-A753-1F84E9DFF9F7 V1 EN Figure 35: Security warning Select Yes to install the certificate. When selected, the security warning message does not appear for the next communication with the IED. Change in the IED technical key or IP address of the IED results in the installation of a new server certificate. Notification of certificate installation can be permanently disabled by changing User Account Control settings in Windows Control Panel to "Never notify". However, this is not recommended as it reduces system security. 6.7 Setting technical key Both a physical IED and an IED object in PCM600 have a technical key. The purpose of the technical key is unique identification of an IED, for example, to prevent download of a configuration to wrong IED. The technical key in the IED and PCM600 82 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C must be the same, otherwise it is not possible to download a configuration. Each IED in a PCM600 project must have a unique technical key. It is therefor not possible to set the same technical key for several IEDs in the same PCM600 project. The technical key property in PCM600 corresponds to the IED name attribute in SCL files. Avoid changing the IED name attribute outside PCM600, because data in PCM600 might be lost when importing SCL files. The IED technical key and the PCM600 technical key must be the same for successful communication between the IED and PCM600. When using PCM600 for writing to the IED, it is important that the LHMI or WHMI is not in a menu position where settings can be modified. Only one active transaction, from LHMI, WHMI, or PCM600, is allowed at any one time. When writing a configuration to the IED, PCM600 checks for matching technical keys in the PCM600 IED object and in the physical IED. For communication between the IED and PCM600 the technical key must be the same. Users have the option to read the technical key from the IED and update it to PCM600 or write the PCM600 technical key to the IED. The user can also define an own technical key. The error message displayed due to mismatch between PCM600 and IED technical key is shown in Figure 36. IEC09000378-1-en.vsd D0E1460T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 36: Error message due to mismatch between PCM600 and IED technical key Be sure that the IED object in PCM600 has the same IP address as the physical IED, which is intended to be connected through the technical key concept. The technical key for an IED object in PCM600 can also be changed in the Object properties window. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 83 Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C 1. 2. Select the IED in Plant Structure. Right-click and select Set Technical Key, see Figure 37. D0E1496T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 37: 3. PCM600: Set technical key menu at IED level A dialog box opens to inform about the technical key concept. Click OK in the dialog box. The technical key is read from the IED and the technical key editor window opens, see Figure 38. IEC09000380-1-en.vsd D0E1466T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 38: PCM600: Technical key editor Using Technical Key Editor certain selections are possible. • • • 84 Use the existing technical key in the IED Use the existing technical key defined for the IED object in PCM600 or Set a user defined technical key, which changes the technical key for both the physical IED and IED object in PCM600. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 6 Setting up a project 1MRK 511 346 C Do not use a technical key with more than 13 characters. 4. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Click OK to confirm the selection. It is not possible to set a user defined name or select Technical key in IED if the value is the same as already given to another IED object in the PCM600 project. A dialog box opens if this is the case. 85 86 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Section 7 Application engineering Switchsync PWC600 comes with a default pre-configuration that covers most controlled switching applications. All necessary adjustments to the actual installation are done by settings. These settings can be entered and modified by a dedicated PCM600 tool, Switchsync Setting Tool. If necessary, the application configuration can be viewed and modified using other tools in PCM600. 7.1 Engineering process overview This process applies to a Switchsync PWC600 IED object, which has been created and set up in PCM600. 1. 2. Enter or modify settings in Switchsync Setting Tool (offline) Write settings to the IED in Parameter Setting tool (online) 7.2 Using Switchsync Setting Tool 7.2.1 General functions Switchsync Setting Tool, SST, works with a pre-configuration of Switchsync PWC600 product. Switchsync PWC600 is delivered with a default configuration loaded. However, in most cases, the configuration settings and parameters do not match the actual application. SST guides the user through the selection of network parameters, type and properties of circuit breaker, switched load, etc. The aim is to consolidate all the relevant settings for clarity and ensure that no important settings are overlooked. Completed or partial configurations can be loaded or saved to/from file, duplicated and modified for use in another IED. The wizard guides the user through each setting. The setting depends on the type of application, model of Switchsync PWC600, breaker data. It also depends on choices during previous steps. If the information required is not available at the moment, save the partial configuration and exit the wizard. Continue and finish the setup process later. The wizard completes the final step by saving the configuration. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 87 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C SST is an offline tool. The parameters are stored in the data server of PCM600 after saving the complete configuration. Parameters can be written to IED using Parameter Setting Tool or Common Write tool. The application setup wizard stores all the user inputs together with the resulting data. The fields are pre-populated with the previously entered data, when running the wizard for the same IED again. 7.2.2 Starting Switchsync Setting Tool from PCM600 1. In Plant Structure, right-click PWC600 and select Switchsync Setting Tool. All other tools in PCM600 must be closed before invoking Switchsync Setting Tool. 88 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-7DA47A93-E102-4DFF-BC8C-C1701E4CEF44 V2 EN Figure 39: 2. In the Switchsync Setting Tool dialog box, select the appropriate option. • • 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Starting SST from the plant structure in PCM600 Select Start new session to start the tool with new settings for a newly inserted IED, or with the existing settings that had previously been entered through Switchsync Setting Tool. Select Continue with partially saved settings to run the tool with saved settings. Click OK. 89 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-B4DEBE95-E22C-4406-91D0-48DC76F6A4F3 V2 EN Figure 40: 7.2.3 Switchsync Setting Tool starting options Navigating between steps 1. Click Next or Back to navigate between the steps. It is also possible to navigate between the steps by selecting the milestones on the left pane. It navigates to the first page of the milestone. GUID-358BF810-ED82-4F67-B24E-46518387460A V2 EN Figure 41: 90 Navigating between steps Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C All the milestones are not displayed initially. Each milestone appears when the first step related to that milestone is entered. 7.2.4 Setting parameters overview The Switchsync PWC600 application is configured by setting the parameters categorized under various milestones. Configure PWC600 Settings Power System System Time Breaker Control Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker Type Data Breaker Data [New/Display/Edit] [Apply] General Mechanical Electrical Save Monitoring Compensation Interrupter wear Controlled Switching Application Reference Signals Adaptive Correction Compensation Alarms Enabling Time Synchronization CB Operating Times Finish GUID-17154EC9-CEC3-458D-B26A-0B6F563FC8C7 V3 EN Figure 42: Workflow Switchsync Setting Tool guides the user through each setting. On selecting a setting, an explanatory tip appears at the bottom of the page. The same text appears as a tool tip when moving the mouse pointer over the setting. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 91 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-89787998-8440-427D-8C69-D6519EB5A193 V2 EN Figure 43: Setting parameters with tooltips The setting depends on the type of application, model of Switchsync PWC600 and breaker data. It can also depend on the choices entered in earlier steps. All references to a circuit breaker pole actually designate the system phase to which that pole is connected, e.g. CB pole "L1" refers to the pole connected to system phase L1. Switchsync Setting Tool supports certain parameter types. • • • • Numerical parameter type String parameter type Date/Time parameter type MultiChoice parameter type When entering numerical data, only use a dot (.) for decimal point. Switchsync Setting Tool checks that the entered value is valid and within the setting range. A red border with exclamation is marked around the setting control to indicate error. Move the cursor to the exclamation mark to display the message. The message describes the error and correct format for the parameter. 92 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-7FA8100C-E4AC-4444-B44D-A65828490E2A V2 EN Figure 44: Validation of entered values On any data validation error or missing data, navigation between the steps with Next and Milestone is disabled. 7.2.5 Saving parameters partially It is possible to exit Switchsync Setting Tool (for example, to request additional information which is not available at the moment) before completing all steps, and save the partial configuration. 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Click X or Cancel to exit the Switchsync Setting Tool. In the confirmation dialog, click Yes. 93 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-8A1CF2E5-7DA0-486E-9BEA-A0EC409C42DA V2 EN Figure 45: Saving the configuration partially Switchsync Setting Tool can be started by selecting Continue with previously saved settings from the step where it was left earlier. 7.2.6 Saving parameters 1. 94 On the final screen of Switchsync Setting Tool, click Finish to save the changed parameters to the database. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-E167AEFF-6DAE-4DCD-8DB8-27CF2ED77D43 V3 EN Figure 46: Saving parameters Saving parameters also copies the names of Substation, Bay, and IED from the plant structure to the TERMINALID function. GUID-CD2E7675-2C9F-4EAA-BE3B-A698C8F0EDF1 V1 EN Figure 47: Automatic copying of object identifiers to the TERMINALID function Switchsync Setting Tool is an offline tool. After completing the steps, the Finish operation stores the parameters in the PCM600 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 95 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C database. The parameters must be written to the physical IED with Parameter Setting tool or Common write. User-defined circuit breaker types are stored only on the local PC. If these data should be reused on another PC, they need to be transferred manually. 7.3 Writing parameters to the IED Settings and parameters entered or modified through SST are stored locally in the PCM600 database. Writing them to the IED requires online connection to the IED. 1. 96 In Plant Structure, right-click the Switchsync PWC600 object and select Parameter Setting. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-39977FFC-58BE-4CF2-8510-2304F83A157C V1 EN Figure 48: 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Opening the Parameter Setting tool Click View/Parameter layer/Advanced parameters or the corresponding button in the toolbar to enable advanced parameters. 97 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-E404133C-E0C8-4B0B-A5A8-7011B18C0E33 V1 EN Figure 49: 3. Enabling advanced parameters Click IED/Write parameters to IED or the corresponding button in the toolbar to initiate writing parameters to the IED. GUID-505FFF10-DFE0-41EB-A271-399AF9A3D411 V1 EN Figure 50: 4. Writing parameters to the IED In the Write parameters to Switchsync PWC600 dialog box, select All parameters and click OK. GUID-EDB6BBB0-F0CE-4316-BC45-95772258E5A1 V1 EN Figure 51: Selecting all parameters Progress of the writing operation is displayed by a progress bar. 98 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-AAA7459D-0816-4C7A-A7D2-1F53BCD4CAC0 V1 EN Figure 52: Progress bar While writing the parameters to its non-volatile memory, the IED replaces the bay name by an animated icon in the bottom right corner of the IED. GUID-63269CBC-B684-400D-A62B-672E764C3823 V1 EN Figure 53: LHMI icon When the bay name is displayed again, then the updated parameters are in use by the application. No restart of the IED is required. If Read back was enabled in the Write parameters to Switchsync PWC600 dialog box, the Parameter Setting tool automatically reads back all the parameters from the IED after completion of the write operation, displaying a similar progress bar. 5. After writing the parameters to the IED, wait until the animated Write icon on the screen has disappeared and the Ready LED is steadily on before doing any further operation on the IED. 7.4 Modification of the default pre-configuration 7.4.1 Precautions Switchsync PWC600 is delivered with a default pre-configuration that has been proven to work for different applications. In most cases, changes to this configuration should not be necessary. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 99 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Modifying the pre-configuration may cause loss of functionality, in particular with respect to Switchsync Setting Tool. However, if changes are wanted, the given information must be observed. Proper functioning of Switchsync PWC600 and associated tools requires specific interaction between certain function blocks. To ensure integrity of these essential connections, some of the pages in Application Configuration are locked. Do not make any modifications to the locked pages in Application Configuration without approval from ABB. Switchsync PWC600 configuration in PCM600 Graphical Display Editor (GDE) has three pages by default. These pages are specifically designed for CB Test mode user interface and do not appear in the usual location (Control/Single line diagram) of the LHMI menu. The three default GDE pages must not be changed, removed or rearranged. GUID-3558C61B-6F04-483E-AF42-8B8E2BC8AA1F V1 EN Figure 54: Default display pages in GDE If additional display pages are wanted, they must be added after the Avg closing times page, that is, to the right of the Avg closing times tab. All pages added in this manner are shown in the Control/Single line diagram menu of the LHMI. 7.4.2 General information to work with PCM600 PCM600 supports online help feature which can be accessed using the Help menu in PCM600. Internet connection is not required to access this help. All the tools used for configuring the Switchsync PWC600 application are available in the shortcut menu of the IED or its subordinate tree nodes (child nodes). The tools list is opened by rightclicking the IED or any other tree node. The number of tools listed varies by the tree node. 100 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-86332C5A-6B76-497E-B160-787F07930334 V1 EN Figure 55: Tools list The following sections contain specific information required for modifying the default pre-configuration. 7.4.3 Working with the Application Configuration tool The Application Configuration tool is a graphical engineering tool for configuring the software application running in an IED. The application can be distributed over several worksheets, each of which includes one or more pages. The symbol at the top left corner of an application worksheet implies that the page is locked and cannot be modified. • 7.4.3.1 Right-click the IED and click Application Configuration to open the Application Configuration tool. Adding application worksheets in the configuration Additional functionality, not included in the default configuration, should be defined on a separate application worksheet. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 101 Section 7 Application engineering 1. 2. 1MRK 511 346 C Activate the application worksheet after which a new worksheet is to be inserted by clicking the respective tab. On the main menu, select Insert/MainApplication or click the Insert MainApplication button. GUID-2EEAE5D8-F4AB-431D-9A98-37F551E18404 V1 EN Figure 56: 3. 102 Adding an application worksheet Change the name of the new worksheet in Object Properties. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-B6DE81BF-3A24-4A7F-A011-3F7BD46D76B4 V1 EN Figure 57: Naming the application worksheet The application page added appears as a subordinate tree node under IED\Application Configuration. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 103 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-97DE7288-8431-44F7-9FC5-4616057C2BB0 V1 EN Figure 58: 7.4.3.2 Adding a function to the application 1. 104 IED tree structure Click the Object Types button to display the list of functions. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-4102E4C2-F9B6-4838-AF56-FAD2B7936E82 V1 EN Figure 59: 2. Enabling the function list (Object Types) view Different function categories are listed under Object Types. Select the desired function and drag the function to the worksheet. GUID-084BAAD5-826F-4A33-8CAF-EE3A6F347CFD V1 EN Figure 60: Adding the function to application worksheet User-defined names can be added to the function blocks. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 105 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-62EC1A21-B8F0-43A3-9109-C0E0A9765286 V1 EN Figure 61: 7.4.3.3 Adding user defined name for the function blocks Function blocks Function blocks are the main elements of an application configuration. They are designed for a various number of functions and organized in type groups. The different function block types are shown in the Object Types view. Figure 62 presents an overview of the main parts that are relevant for function blocks. • Set user-defined names for function blocks and signals marked with blue text. Signals with a user-defined name created in Application Configuration become visible in Parameter Setting only after the IED configuration has been written to the IED and read back from PCM600. 106 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Characters other than a...z, A...Z, 0...9 and _ are not allowed in user-defined names of signals and function blocks, since they might not display properly in the LHMI. The space character should also be avoided. • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Lock function blocks. Set visibility for execution order, cycle time and instance number. Manage signals, for example hide, show and rearrange. Invert Boolean inputs and Boolean outputs. 107 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C D0E955T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 62: ACT: Function block overview (example from REC650) 1 Connection(s) 2 User defined function block name 3 Function block, selected (red) 4 Mandatory signal (indicated by a red triangle if not connected) 5 Function block name 6 Function block, locked (red) 7 ANSI symbol 8 Inverted output 9 Hardware, binary output channel 10 Hardware, analog input channel 11 User defined signal name 12 Hardware, binary input channel 13 Execution order 14 Cycle time 15 Instance number 16 Inverted input 17 Signal description note Mandatory signals must be connected. 108 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Function blocks with disconnected outputs are not executing and hence may show improper values on the outputs. 7.4.3.4 Signals and signal management Every function block has a set of input and output signals. A function block can contain more signals than needed in that application part. A signal that is not used in a particular application can be hidden in the function block view in Application Configuration. It is not necessary to connect all inputs and outputs at a function block. If not connected, the signals always have a default value. The default value can be seen when moving the pointer over the signal. Signals are located on both sides of the middle position up and down. When there is space left, move some signals up or down for a better visibility and connection routing. Boolean input and output signals may need to be inverted to fulfill the logic. Application Configuration supports adding the inversion logic to a binary signal. The input signal on glue logic function blocks can only be inverted if a glue logic function block with a lower execution order in the same cycle time is available. Correspondingly, the output signal can only be inverted if a glue logic function block with a higher execution order in the same cycle time is available. Up to two input signals and two output signals can be inverted for glue logic blocks in the same cycle time. Even though current is injected to the IED and the IED is connected to PCM600 in online mode, the signal value of TRM and Merging Unit channels in Application Configuration is probably shown as zero. All signals which are not mandatory, have a default value that is used when not connected. 7.4.3.5 Adding user-defined names Some function blocks in the IED support assigning names to generic signals, for example, the input signals of LED, event and disturbance handling block (BxRBDR and AxRADR) and alarm handling function block (MONEVG). 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Right-click the function block and select Manage signals to add names to these signals. Enter the name in the User Defined Name column for the corresponding signal. 109 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C The maximum number of characters supported for user-defined signal names is 13. GUID-59C33E22-A351-400A-8979-A3910F2EA489 V1 EN Figure 63: Adding user-defined names for LHMI visualization For some functions, the parameter list view also displays the userdefined names assigned to the inputs. To show the changes to the userdefined names in the parameter list view, the application configuration must be written to the IED and then read back from PCM600. 7.4.3.6 Function block execution parameters Three function block execution parameters have influence on the runtime execution of the function block within the application configuration. • • • Execution order Cycle time Instance number Each time a new function block is selected these parameters have to be selected. In fixed mode user selects parameters from the drop down lists in ACT. In automatic mode best suitable instance is selected automatically. Depending on the function block type not all three parameters are selectable. The cycle time may be predefined to one value. The instance number is a counter for the total possible number of function blocks of that type used within an application configuration. The Execution Order and Instance Number are a combination that is predefined within a product. It is possible to select a pair out of the list. Figure 64 shows an example how the drop down list could look like. 110 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C D0E958T201305141505 V2 EN Figure 64: ACT: function block organization parameters In Switchsync PWC600, the Cycle Time is fixed at 5 ms. A function block that is placed after another function block in the execution flow must have a higher execution order to ensure execution in the proper sequence, see Figure 65. GUID-4731FDA5-91EF-4C9D-9387-88FFBEA930F0 V1 EN Figure 65: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Execution order 111 Section 7 Application engineering 7.4.3.7 1MRK 511 346 C Connections and variables A connection is the link or "wire" between function block outputs and inputs. Connections can be created by dragging a line between two signals or by linking two signals using variables. It is possible to search and replace variable names in Application Configuration. The signals used in the pre-configuration already have variable names assigned. If signals that are part of a locked worksheet need to be modified, the worksheet first needs to be unlocked. An existing connection is removed by clicking the line and then pressing Delete. Connection validation A connection is only useful and possible between two signals of the same data type. Attempting to connect two incompatible signals generates an error message. IEC08000304.vsd D0E1086T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 66: 7.4.3.8 Warning message by signal mismatch for a connection Single-phase reference signal If the reference signal for controlled switching is obtained from a single-phase VT, that VT output must be connected to the L1 source voltage input (see section on Hardware interfaces). If the measured voltage is not L1 then the connections to the waveform recorder ("disturbance recorder") shall be adjusted accordingly. See Figure 67 for an example where the single-phase VT is located in system phase L2. The actual input signal is represented by the variable SOURCE_VOLT[1]_AI1. 112 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-42330D1B-FD0A-4928-AC8F-FD559D5C705E V1 EN Figure 67: 7.4.3.9 Re-connecting the waveform recorder for a single-phase VT measuring L2 voltage Validation Validation checks the application configuration on errors about the rules and restrictions defined for doing a MainApplication on three levels. • • • During creating the logic while doing a connection or placing a function block. On demand by starting the validation. When writing the application configuration into the IED. Validation when creating the application configuration Validation is made when creating the application configuration, for example: • • A connection between two input signals or two output signals is not possible. A connection between two different data types is not possible, for example a binary output to an analog input. Validation on demand To check the validity of an application configuration, click the 'Validate Configuration' icon in the toolbar. ACT will check the application configuration for formal correctness. Found problems are qualified in: • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Warnings, marked by a yellow warning icon 113 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C • • • Example: A variable connected to an output signal that is not connected. Example: If the user connects output from higher execution order function to inputs of lower execution order function. Errors, marked by a red circle with a cross • Example: A mandatory input signal that is not connected. Warnings will not prevent writing to the IED. Errors have to be corrected before writing the application configuration to the IED. An application configuration can be saved and ACT can be closed with open errors, but not written to the IED, see Figure 68. These problems are listed in the Output View under the Tab Application Configuration. A double-click in the error or warning row will navigate to the MainApplication>Page>Area where the problems are identified. D0E1469T201305141505 V2 EN Figure 68: Validation on demand Manual validation of the Switchsync PWC600 pre-configuration may list some warnings. These can be ignored. Validation when writing to the IED When writing the application configuration to the IED an automatic validation is performed. The validation is the same as the manually demanded validation. Errors will abort the writing. 114 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C 7.4.4 Working with the Parameter Setting tool For a standard application, parameters are configured using Switchsync Setting Tool (SST). In some cases, the parameters which are not handled from SST need to be modified when the default pre-configuration is modified. These parameters are modified using the Parameter Setting tool. 1. 2. 3. 7.4.5 Right-click the IED and click Parameter Setting to open the Parameter Setting tool. to display the advanced and basic parameters, and click to Click display the parameters of all the child nodes under the selected main node. While modifying the default configuration, it is recommended to select these options. Click the IED and the sub-tree nodes to display the parameters of a function or a group of functions. Local HMI engineering LEDs are assigned to signals or groups of signals in the default pre-configuration. The pre-configuration also includes a configured function key and a sample single-line diagram (SLD) for display on the screen. LEDs, function keys, and SLD can be modified following the process described in this section. 7.4.5.1 Local HMI engineering process The engineering process of the LHMI involves several steps. Figure 69 presents the pre-engineering step, the main steps in the engineering process and the required sequences. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 115 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Local HMI ACT / SMT Select and configure HMI function blocks SAVE PST Set function keys and LEDs SAVE GDE / ACT Create the single line diagram SAVE END IEC09000622_1_en.vsd D0E1478T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 69: 7.4.5.2 LEDs and function keys • Application Configuration tool with possible assistance of Signal Matrix tool • • • • • • • To use the function keys and LEDs on the LHMI, the corresponding special function blocks must be inserted for these operation element groups. The function blocks for the LEDs are organized as a single function block per LED but indexed to the group identification, for example GRP1_LED3 (indication LED 3 in virtual LED group 1). The function blocks for LHMI are visible by default for the Parameter Setting tool. Use the Application Configuration tool to connect the signals from application functions to LED function blocks. Parameter Setting tool • 116 LHMI: Engineering process flowchart The operation mode of the function keys and the LEDs is defined in the Parameter Setting tool. The presented text labels on the LCD for LHMI keys and LEDs. Graphical Display Editor with assistance of Application Configuration tool, for example Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C • • • Making the single line diagram of the primary process part. Making the dynamic links for the apparatus. Making the dynamic links for measurements. Application Configuration tool and local HMI function blocks A set of special function blocks is available for all the operation element groups on LHMI. See the technical manual for more information about function blocks. LHMI function blocks that are available in the Application Configuration tool: • • • • • FNKEYMD1 to FNKEYMD5 LEDGEN GRP1_LED1 to GRP1_LED15 GRP2_LED1 to GRP2_LED15 GRP3_LED1 to GRP3_LED15 The function blocks for the LEDs are organized in function blocks per LED. Figure 70 describes the basic LHMI and the operation element groups. These are the 15 LEDs and their text elements on the LCD [A]. The other group is the five function keys with their LEDs and the corresponding text elements on the LCD [B]. B A D0E1694T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 70: Local HMI: Placement of local HMI operation elements Function block LEDGEN • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Handles an external acknowledge signal as source to acknowledge the LEDs. Generates an additional pulse for general purposes whenever the LEDs are acknowledged by the operator. Generates a pulse whenever a new LED signal occurs. It may be used to trigger an acoustical alarm. Handles the timer tReset and tMax for the LED operation mode 'LatchedReset-S'. 117 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C The LEDGEN function block is a part of the pre-configuration. The reset input is connected to a combination of signals including function key 1, external binary input or next switching command. This can be modified according to the requirements. GUID-BFB87428-937C-4FBB-8DCF-851A6CDA4606 V2 EN Figure 71: LEDGEN default configuration Function blocks GRP1_LED1 to GRP3_LED15 • • • • • • • The 15 LEDs on the right side of the LCD can indicate in total 45 alarms, warnings or other signals to the operator. They are organized in three groups 1 to 3. LEDs in Group 1, except LED 10, are used in the pre-configuration for specific functions. LEDs in Groups 2 and 3 are not used. Each signal group belongs to one function block. Each LED illuminates in one of the three colors: RED, YELLOW or GREEN. The organization of flashing, acknowledgment and group selection is done directly between the function blocks and the basic LHMI keys, the 'Multifunction' key to toggle between the three groups or the 'Clear' key to acknowledge or reset the LEDs. Only the programming of the signals is needed for the LEDs. The operation mode of the LEDs is defined in the Parameter Setting tool. The input signals support naming of signals. The name added to these signals is visible in the LHMI menu Tests/Function status/Monitoring/HMI/LEDs/All indication LEDs. 118 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-6E3A530D-26F0-4EA6-8D5F-E693E0913241 V1 EN Figure 72: LED connection in Application Configuration for function block signals The text added to the Label settings appears adjacent to the LED according to the active signals connected to the LED input. When no signals are active, text assigned to the LabelOff setting is displayed. In default pre-configuration, no text is assigned to the LabelOff settings. The LEDs have a number of different operation modes, which are explained in the Technical Manual. Function block FNKEYMD1 to 5 • • • • • • • • Every function key has an own FNKEYMD function block. The five function keys on the left side of the LCD [B] can be used to process demands. The function block handles the signal for the LED included in the key as input signals. The LED signal of the key is independent of the key function and must be programed to process demands. The function block handles the operators command when the key is pressed as output signal. The functions are activated whenever a key is pressed the first time. The corresponding text elements, which are configured using the Label setting, for the five keys appear on the left side of the LCD. No execution of the function is done. So the first push is used to activate the presentation only. The next key push is handled as activate function and the output signal of the function block is set. The operation mode of the function key is defined in the Parameter Setting tool (pulse, toggle). Function key 1 is already a part of the pre-configuration. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 119 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Parameter Setting tool and function block configuration The operation mode of the function keys and the LEDs must be defined per key and LED in the Parameter Setting tool. The function key can operate a pulsed or toggle signal or as a menu short cut. • Pulsed signal • • • • Toggle signal • • • Each push forces a pulse of a configured time. The pulse time can be set in the Parameter Setting tool. The default pulse time is 200 ms. Each push changes the state of the signal: OFF-ON-OFF-ON-OFF... The default position after power up or reset is OFF. Menu shortcut • When pressing a key configured for that purpose, the function key panel is hidden and LHMI opens directly in the configured menu. GUID-85BB0617-459A-44E3-B0EA-1115B3D60F27 V1 EN Figure 73: 120 Opening parameter view of the function key function block Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1487T201305141505 V2 EN Figure 74: 7.4.5.3 LHMI: function key operation mode Single-line diagram engineering Concept description to present and generate diagrams in graphical display editor Additional concept information to use GDE, see Figure 75: • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Different GDE windows HMI display grid layouts Drawing lines (doing a Link) 121 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C HMI display window pages Symbol library window Regard the squence of pages IED HMI display window IEC08000123.vsd D0E1399T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 75: GDE: Screen image with active GDE Procedure 1. 2. 3. Start GDE to open a presentation of the tool. GDE has a fixed symbol library window on the left side of the display. The presentation is empty when no page exists for the IED. The Switchsync PWC600 pre-configuration includes three pages titled Operation, Avg opening times, and Avg closing times. These pages are used for CB timing test mode and must not be changed. Display window and sequence order It is important to link correctly between the HMI display page and the corresponding bay that is presented as a single line diagram on this HMI page. Rules to handle HMI pages: 122 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C • • • • • Several single line diagrams can be created for one bay. The IED supports one bay. The sequence order of the HMI pages in the Graphical Display Editor starts from left to right. Measurements and the single line diagram can be shown on the page in any possible order and placement. All symbol objects, for example apparatus, text and measurement, on the HMI page must be linked to the correct function block in the application configuration in order to present the correct process values. Symbol library The symbol library window contains some panes that include drawing symbols or elements to create a single line diagram, measurements and texts on a page. Click on the name bar of the selected element to open the pane. The library shows the symbols either in ANSI standard or in IEC standard. The standard is selected by the drop down list box located on top of the display window. Switchsync PWC600 does not support ANSI symbols. Only IEC symbols are displayed on the LHMI. Select the different panes and their symbols to become familiar with the available symbols. Measurements (Measurands) are presented in one format that explains itself when selected. Select the format and drop it in the drawing area. Use the object properties to make adaptations. Special symbols for dynamic text In the text pane the symbol library contains a set of special symbols to present text that depends on the status of variables. A set of three symbols is valid to present a double point information. The corresponding function block in ACT is VSGGIO. • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Dynamic Text or Indication Button is used when a position shall be monitored on single line diagram, Figure 76 Select Button is used when a function shall be controlled from a single line diagram. 123 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1397T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 76: GDE: Dynamic Text symbols The standard (IEC or ANSI) for the symbols and the selection of the font size for the text elements can be changed using the two selector boxes on top of the page window. HMI display grid layout and text font selection The grid in the page changes from symbol presentation to text presentation when a text object is selected and vice versa. The text can be presented in two different font sizes: • • UniCode characters (6 x 12 pixel) UniCode characters (13 x 14 pixel) The total size of the presented white area (page) represents the visible part of the local HMI display without header and foot-line. The visible display for a single line diagram is organized in a grid of 13 x 8 (columns x rows). Each symbol presented by 24 x 24 pixels included by the drag and drop method must be dropped in a grid box. The apparatus object name can be placed in all four directions around the symbol. The name is part of the apparatus object. Handling text The grid switches when text is selected in a grid of 45 x 15 (columns x rows). One grid box is the placeholder for one character. A text element must be placed in the position of the grid. The signal name can changed either by double click or via the property window. Unit and scaling of the signal can only be changed via the property window. 124 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Select and toggle Show Texts using the IED Fonts to get a view how it will look like later on the real HMI display. Drawing lines The line width has to fit to the line width used for the symbols. The standard size is 2. Choose the line width in a selection box placed in the upper area above the page. A line that is not connected to a symbol may be done in any line width in the range 1...5. Lines can be drawn only between connection points. For the procedure to draw lines when the apparatus symbols are placed, see Figure 77. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Place the apparatus or transformer symbols by drag and drop in a grid box. Place connection symbols by drag and drop in a grid box. Center the mouse pointer over a connection point, indicated by two circles, to start drawing a line. Click and hold the mouse button and move the mouse pointer. Center the mouse pointer over the destination connection point and release the mouse button to finish drawing the line. Draw all line elements that are necessary. IEC05000598-2-en.vsd D0E1379T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 77: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual GDE: Drawing a line 125 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Supported single-line diagram symbols Table 34: Category Supported symbols IEC Symbol name Symbol type Connections Junction 1 Connections Busbar junction 2 Connections Earth 10 Connections Feeder end 21 Measuring transformers Current transformer 5 Measuring transformers Voltage transf. 2 windings 6 Measurands Measurand 11 Others Capacitor 7 Others Surge arrestor 8 Others Generator 9 Others Reactor 14 Others Motor 15 Others Coil 18 Power transformers Transformer 2 winding 16 Power transformers Transformer 3 winding 17 Power transformers Autotransformer 23 IEC Symbol definitions ANSI Y32.2/ IEEE 315 Symbol definitions Function block type CBLEARN CMMXU CMSQI CNTGGIO CVMMXN GFGDE MVGGIO VMMXU VMSQI VNMMXU Table continues on next page 126 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Category Switchgear IEC Symbol definitions ANSI Y32.2/ IEEE 315 Symbol definitions Function block type IEC Symbol name Symbol type Isolator indication only, 00 = Middle position 25 DPGGIO GFGDE 26 DPGGIO GFGDE 33 DPGGIO GFGDE 35 DPGGIO GFGDE Isolator indication only, 01 = Open Isolator indication only, 10 = Closed Isolator indication only, 11 = Undefined Switchgear Breaker indication only, 00 = Middle position Breaker indication only, 01 = Open Breaker indication only, 10 = Closed Breaker indication only, 11 = Undefined Switchgear Isolator2 indication only, 00 = Middle position Isolator2 indication only, 01 = Open Isolator2 indication only, 10 = Closed Isolator2 indication only, 11 = Undefined Switchgear Breaker2 indication only, 00 = Middle position Breaker2 indication only, 01 = Open Breaker2 indication only, 10 = Closed Breaker2 indication only, 11 = Undefined Texts Static text 0 Texts Dynamic text 29 VSGGIO Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 127 Section 7 Application engineering Category Texts 1MRK 511 346 C IEC Symbol name Symbol type Select button, 00 = Middle position IEC Symbol definitions ANSI Y32.2/ IEEE 315 Symbol definitions Function block type 30 VSGGIO 31 VSGGIO Select button, 01 = Open Select button, 10 = Closed Select button, 11 = Undefined Texts Indication button, 00 = Middle position Indication button, 01 = Open Indication button, 10 = Closed Indication button, 11 = Undefined Others Resistor 39 Others Star point 40 Others Field winding 41 Single-line diagram pre-configured signals Table 35: SLD pre-configured signals Signal identification Description Category of symbol: Measurand Category of signal: Voltage and current CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL1 Current in L1 phase CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL2 Current in L2 phase CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL3 Current in L3 phase CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL1ANGL Phase angle of current in L1 phase CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL2ANGL Phase angle of current in L2 phase CB_CURR;CMMXU:1.IL3ANGL Phase angle of current in L3 phase SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL1 Source voltage of L1 phase SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL2 Source voltage of L2 phase SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL3 Source voltage of L3 phase Table continues on next page 128 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Signal identification Description SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL1ANGL Phase angle of source voltage of L1 phase SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL2ANGL Phase angle of source voltage of L2 phase SOURCE_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL3ANGL Phase angle of source voltage of L3 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL1 Load voltage of L1 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL2 Load voltage of L2 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL3 Load voltage of L3 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL1ANGL Phase angle of load voltage of L1 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL2ANGL Phase angle of load voltage of L2 phase LOAD_VOLT;VNMMXU:1.UL3ANGL Phase angle of load voltage of L3 phase Category of signal: Compensation SPGCH_BN_L1;GFGDE:1.OUTRL Stored energy level of circuit breaker drive in L1 phase, in % SPGCH_BN_L2;GFGDE:2.OUTRL Stored energy level of circuit breaker drive in L2 phase, in % SPGCH_BN_L3;GFGDE:3.OUTRL Stored energy level of circuit breaker drive in L3 phase, in % DRVPRESS_L1;GFGDE:4.OUTRL Pressure of driving mechanism in L1 phase DRVPRESS_L2;GFGDE:5.OUTRL Pressure of driving mechanism in L2 phase DRVPRESS_L3;GFGDE:6.OUTRL Pressure of driving mechanism in L3 phase TEMP_L1;GFGDE:7.OUTRL Temperature in L1 phase TEMP_L2;GFGDE:8.OUTRL Temperature of L2 phase TEMP_L3;GFGDE:9.OUTRL Temperature of L3 phase ADDLQTY1_L1;GFGDE:13.OUTRL Additional quantity1 for compensation of L1 phase ADDLQTY1_L2;GFGDE:14.OUTRL Additional quantity1 for compensation of L2 phase ADDLQTY1_L3;GFGDE:15.OUTRL Additional quantity1 for compensation of L3 phase ADDLQTY2_L1;GFGDE:16.OUTRL Additional quantity2 for compensation of L1 phase ADDLQTY2_L2;GFGDE:17.OUTRL Additional quantity2 for compensation of L2 phase ADDLQTY2_L3;GFGDE:18.OUTRL Additional quantity2 for compensation of L3 phase Category of signal: General OPER_CNT_L1;GFGDE:10.OUTINTRL Count of mechanical close-open (CO) operation cycles of L1 phase OPER_CNT_L2;GFGDE:11.OUTINTRL Count of mechanical close-open (CO) operation cycles of L2 phase OPER_CNT_L3;GFGDE:12.OUTINTRL Count of mechanical close-open (CO) operation cycles of L3 phase ABL_PERCNT_L1;GFGDE:25.OUTRL Contact wear in L1 phase, in % of alarm threshold ABL_PERCNT_L2;GFGDE:26.OUTRL Contact wear in L2 phase, in % of alarm threshold ABL_PERCNT_L3;GFGDE:27.OUTRL Contact wear in L3 phase, in % of alarm threshold Category of symbol: Switchgear Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual CB_POS_L1;GFGDE:28.OUTPOS Circuit breaker position of L1 phase CB_POS_L2;GFGDE:29.OUTPOS Circuit breaker position of L2 phase CB_POS_L3;GFGDE:30.OUTPOS Circuit breaker position of L3 phase 129 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Signals that are not listed in Table 35 are also displayed while assigning the signals to the symbols. Ignore these signals, as they do not carry any information to display, when the IED is in service. For assigning any other analog signals, either GFGDE or MVGGIO function block can be used. The measurand supports display of only analog signals. GUID-462C4B93-447C-40F9-8D3C-694569D1EE2E V1 EN Figure 78: MVGGIO and GFGDE connection in Application Configuration Phase angles are shown as radians in the single line diagram (GDE measurand) symbols but in degrees in other views on the LHMI. An integer signal can be converted using the GFGDE function and assigned to a measurand symbol. In this case, the Digits after decimal point property should be set to “0”. GFGDE function block Operation parameter should be set to “On”. GUID-064D3BF8-884E-4959-B3FE-7BB15A980F3D V1 EN Figure 79: DPGGIO connection in Application Configuration For MVGGIO and DPGGIO function blocks to work, IEC 61850-8-1 Operation should be set to “On”. Furthermore, in every GFGDE function block, BASIN must be connected to BASOUT as shown in Figure 78. 130 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Bay configuration engineering A page with a single-line diagram and measurements contains active living objects. The object values are updated by the IED periodically (measurement) or in case of an event. Once the symbols are placed on the HMI page they must be linked to the corresponding function block in the application configuration, which protects or controls the object that the symbol on the HMI page represents. Creating a complete HMI display page 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Make a sketch of the single line diagram. Place the apparatus, transformer and other symbols that are needed for the single line diagram into the raster boxes. Add connection points where needed. Link the apparatus symbols with line elements. Adjust the text symbols while writing to north, east, south or west using the Object Property window. Place measurements when needed. Edit the name, unit and number of decimals of the measurements. Select each object that has a dynamic link and create the link to the corresponding process object, see Figure 80. Check to select the correct function block. Function blocks of the same type can have different instance numbers. Validate that all links are done. Save the complete picture. Repeat the steps for all pages when more than one is needed. Write the display configuration to IED from the Graphical Display Editor tool. IEC09000666-1-en.vsd D0E1493T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 80: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual GDE: Establish a dynamic object link 131 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Linking process objects To describe a process object within an IED, it needs to be established in the application configuration, configured when given with its parameters by Parameter Setting and linked to be displayed in the HMI. Three tools are involved for the described steps. • • • Application Configuration to program the application function block for apparatus and/or measurements. Parameter Setting to adapt the settings and/or configuration parameter of the application function block. Graphical Display Editor to establish the link for updating the selected data attribute in the HMI of the application function block. See Table 35 for the pre-configured GDE signals. Follow the given procedure to link process objects. 1. Right-click the apparatus symbol and select Select Input Signal. A list of engineered switch control application function blocks opens. D0E1394T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 81: 2. 3. 4. GDE: Input signal selection Select the switch control application function block that corresponds to the selected apparatus. Right-click the measurement symbol and select Select Input Signal. A list of the engineered measurement application function blocks opens. Select the measurement application function block that corresponds to the selected symbol. The order number in the selection window of the process objects corresponds to the number given in the Parameter Setting tree and to the application function block in Application Configuration. 132 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Only those apparatus and measurements are shown that are configured in the application configuration. GUID-A6F7E58D-EDF1-4A8A-840F-56FB2B41F01D V1 EN Figure 82: GDE: Object properties windows for text insertion The single line diagram screen can display different values, with the help of the dynamic text fields. These values are displayed by default in SI units, for example, active power is displayed in W. Modify Scale Factor in the object properties (see Figure 83) to display values in more readable units (for example MW). Be sure to write the proper unit under the Unit Text field. As the function delivers angles in radians, use a scale factor of 180/π = 57.3 to display the angle in degrees IEC10000174.vsd D0E1676T201305141505 V1 EN Figure 83: 7.4.6 GDE: Object properties window for unit change Modification of event and waveform record signals In total, 96 signals can be configured for creating binary events, which can be accessed either from LHMI, WHMI or the PCM600 Event Viewer tool. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 133 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C The function blocks used for event configuration are B1RBDR, B2RBDR, B3RBDR, B4RBDR, B5RBDR, and B6RBDR. Each of these function blocks allows the configuration of 16 binary signals. GUID-B413D6B1-DAD2-4A4E-8DB7-D87DE6878798 V1 EN Figure 84: Function block for Event configuration Current and voltage signals appearing in the waveform record can be configured using A1RADR, A2RADR and A3RADR function blocks. Only A1RADR is used in the default configuration. Other analog signals can be configured using A4RADR. Each of these function blocks allows the configuration of ten signals. 134 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-CF2D50DD-EFD1-4923-8410-D972A6D82FB5 V1 EN Figure 85: Function block for current and voltage signal configuration The signals configured in the function blocks, BxRBDR and AxRADR, appear in the waveform record. If logical function blocks, for example, OR or AND, are used in the configuration to create a combination signal for event generation, it is recommended to select the function with an execution order lower than the BxRBDR and higher than the function blocks that generate the original event signals. The user-defined name assigned to each input signal in the function block, for example, MULodVolTstMd for INPUT96 in Figure 84, is the event label which appears in the LHMI, WHMI and PCM600 Event Viewer tool. User-defined name assigned to the input in the AxRADR function block appears as the signal name in the waveform record. The input signals connected to BxRBDR can be configured to trigger a waveform (TrigDR = “On”), to switch on the Start or Trip LED on the LHMI (SetLED selection) and to assign the signal to be a part of snapshot event associated with a waveform record (IndicationMa). Additionally, the triggering of the event can be configured for “0” to “1” or “1” to “0” transition of the connected input signal (TrigLevel). Figure 86 and Figure 87 show the view in the Parameter Setting tool for the 81st input of the B6RBDR function and the step to display the parameter list. All parameters related to this input are suffixed with the number 81. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 135 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-7B98E918-9CF7-4C1B-81F7-A9A329D022BF V1 EN Figure 86: Opening parameter view of the event recorder function block GUID-C6F896E4-9DA4-4B6A-B7A2-FEF80B081D5E V1 EN Figure 87: Event recorder function block parameters See Figure 88 and Figure 89 to enable (Operation = “On”) and disable (Operation = “Off”) the waveform recording of the connected channels to the input of AxRADR function. 136 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-A3A26243-809B-4BDA-8772-BAE766BF3457 V1 EN Figure 88: Opening parameter view of current and voltage signal recorder function block GUID-061E5F4A-30B0-48AF-8551-ECFEE0E593D2 V1 EN Figure 89: 7.4.7 Current and voltage signal recorder function block parameters Modification of alarm signals Total 64 signals can be connected for alarm generation. Alarms can only be viewed in the WHMI. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 137 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-7F24EDB1-EDAE-4E72-BFFF-81FE9B771DD7 V1 EN Figure 90: Function block for alarm generation The name given to each input signal in the function block (for example, EopnTrErWrn for INPUT12) is the label of the alarm which appears in the WHMI. The icon for the alarm signals appearing in the WHMI can be configured using the parameter shown in Figure 92. 138 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-CA491BE6-005F-4494-9FC9-6EC7C3D5CA8A V2 EN Figure 91: Opening parameter view of the alarm function block GUID-4EAA601C-F290-4879-8AB9-E7C637A143E0 V2 EN Figure 92: Alarm function block parameters Figure 92 shows the step to open the parameters list. The supported selections are Alarm, Warning and Sensor error. 7.4.8 Modification of operation log input The default pre-configuration has all the possible signals connected for storing data into the operation log. This functionality does not support enabling or disabling the storing using a parameter in the function block. It needs to be manually removed. If the signals are not supported in the site-specific configuration (for example, temperature is not available as an input from field), the operation log always shows value zero. For storing a three-phase value (for example, temperature for phase L1, L2 and L3), the signals from each phase must be connected to the corresponding function blocks Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 139 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C numbered 1, 2 and 3. If the temperature input is not available, it is recommended to disconnect the input signals connected to these function blocks, in this example the signal connected to INPUT4 of all three function blocks. GUID-13A5EBAA-AD05-462D-B721-7874623620DE V1 EN Figure 93: Operation log connection The product supports configuration of two additional analog signals for compensation. These analog signal values can be stored in the operation log. INPUT7 and INPUT8 of the function block are used for this purpose. It is recommended to assign a meaningful name to these input signals according to the field input signals connected. The number of characters supported for the user-defined signal names is 13. 7.4.9 Modification of binary inputs and outputs Most binary inputs on PIO and BIO modules are required for various pre-configured IED functions. If certain functions are not used in a specific installation, the respective inputs can be used for other purposes. For example, if no level indication signals are available for the CB drive’s energy storage, BI4…BI9 on BIO_4 can be used for other purposes; or correspondingly PBI1 on PIO_3, if not used for resetting the LEDs. The IED includes two spare binary inputs, which are not used in the pre-configuration. The binary outputs on the PIO modules are reserved for controlling circuit breaker operations. Some binary outputs on the BIO and PSM modules are pre-configured for signaling. The BIO and PSM modules further include three and six binary outputs respectively designed for operating circuit breakers or other switches that are not used in the pre-configuration. They can be connected for signaling purposes if required, even though these contacts have higher current carrying capacity. 140 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C Spare binary inputs and outputs are available in the pre-configuration in the BIN_IN and BIN_OP worksheets of Application Configuration in PCM600. 7.4.9.1 Adding binary inputs and outputs to Application Configuration 1. 2. Click Hardware I/O under Object Types to open the input and output list. Drag Binary Input or Binary Output to the Application Configuration window. GUID-19F59EE1-5690-48F8-9EE5-87E961DC2A70 V1 EN Figure 94: 3. Dragging a binary input to Application Configuration On the Hardware Module list, select the module. GUID-FE09019A-5128-4535-9019-29D5B5604265 V1 EN Figure 95: 4. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Selecting the hardware modules On the Hardware Channel list, select one of the channels PBI1...PBI12. 141 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-B776C48F-2E14-473A-A6CF-1B1A8DF714C2 V1 EN Figure 96: 5. Selecting the hardware channels Type the name in the User Defined Name box. GUID-10F9B260-126E-4294-8199-5DDCBC02A1B4 V1 EN Figure 97: Entering a user-defined name While adding a binary input, the Hardware Channel list includes the already configured channels. Conversely, while adding a binary output, only channels that are not yet configured appear in the list. 7.4.10 Generic IEC61850 function block configuration The default pre-configuration contains standard logical node types SSXCBR, SSCPOW, ACBMSCBR, CMMXU and VNMMXU. The data objects available on these logical nodes are listed in the MICS (Model Information Conformity Statement) document and in the IEC 61850 communication protocol manual. For transmitting 142 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C other binary signals, either SPGGIO (single signals) or SP16GGIO (up to 16 signals) can be used. MVGGIO function block is used for the analog signals. 7.4.11 Connection of GOOSE close and open commands If Close and Open commands are given through GOOSE messages from another IED, for example a bay controller, the commands need to be connected to the GOOSESPRCV function from the Goose Receive tab of the Signal Matrix tool. GUID-A7DD18EE-CCD3-4607-9EB1-F0631CB6415D V1 EN Figure 98: Opening Goose Receive tab of Signal Matrix Two instances of GOOSESPRCV with user-defined names GOOSE_CLOSE and GOOSE_OPEN are provided for close and open commands respectively. GUID-BD1903C6-A88C-4562-9DDA-2FD3E40A58C9 V1 EN Figure 99: 7.4.12 Connecting commands in Signal Matrix Connection of compensation signals via analog GOOSE In this version of Switchsync PWC600, analog compensation signals from external sensors can be connected only through analog GOOSE. Figure 100 shows a possible product configuration using ABB RIO600 as an example. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 143 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-EE13E74C-0AB2-4B3B-80BC-284FE7CF6031 V1 EN Figure 100: Acquiring analog values via GOOSE communication using ABB RIO600 Some knowledge of IEC 61850 engineering is required for performing this configuration. The function block GOOSEMVRCV, available under the category Station communication of Object Types, supports subscribing to analog data over GOOSE. One GOOSEMVRCV function block allows subscribing to one analog value. These functions are available on the COMPENSATION worksheet in Application Configuration. Figure 101 shows the output and input connection of this function block. 144 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-347360F1-558E-4411-BB35-81A493490BCE V1 EN Figure 101: 7.5 Subscribing to analog GOOSE values in Signal Matrix tool Writing the configuration to the IED The entire IED configuration must be written to the IED in any of the listed cases. • • • • • 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual The IED is blank, meaning no configuration has been written to it. A new IED object has been created in PCM600. The application configuration has been modified in ACT or SMT, possibly in PST, SST, or GDE as well. (Changes made in PST or GDE can be written to the IED directly from these tools.) The communication configuration has been modified in IEC 61850 Configuration tool (or in an external tool such as IET600). The configuration has been migrated to another version. Ensure that Ethernet connection is established and that the technical key has been set to identical values both in the IED and in PCM600. Right click the IED object and select Write to IED. 145 Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-CAA578B9-38F0-4B9B-AB77-968CF0D1A5CD V1 EN Figure 102: 3. 146 Initiating common write to IED Click Yes in the Read/Write window. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 7 Application engineering 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-1F8F539B-CFC1-43A0-8EE3-A16DECD97B26 V1 EN Figure 103: 4. 5. 6. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Confirming common write to IED If applicable, select Yes in the Update Communication window to update the communication configuration part in the IED. Wait until the progress indication indicates success. After writing to the IED, wait until the animated Write icon on the screen has disappeared and the Ready LED is steadily on before doing any further operation on the IED. 147 148 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C Section 8 Local HMI At delivery, logging on is not required and the user has full access until users and passwords are created with PCM600 and written into the IED. Commands, changing parameter values and resetting indications, for example, are actions requiring password when the password protection is activated. Reading information on the LHMI is always allowed without password. Utility security policies and practical consideration should always be taken on the feasibility of using passwords. In emergency situations, the use of passwords could delay urgent actions. On the other hand when security issues must be met, the two factors must be seriously considered. Do not switch off the auxiliary power supply to the IED before changes, for example, setting parameter or local/remote control state changes are saved. A mechanism for limiting the number of writings per time period is included in the IED to prevent the flash memory to be worn out due to too many writings. As a consequence it may take up to an hour to save changes. If the auxiliary power is interrupted before a change is saved, that change is lost. 8.1 Local HMI elements D0E1319T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 104: Local human-machine interface The LHMI of the IED contains the following elements: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 149 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C • • • • Display (LCD) Buttons LED indicators Communication port for PCM600 or WHMI The LHMI is used for setting, monitoring and controlling. 8.1.1 Display The LHMI includes a graphical monochrome display with a resolution of 320 x 240 pixels. The character size can vary. The amount of characters and rows fitting the view depends on the character size and the view that is shown. The display view is divided into four basic areas. IEC13000063-1-en.vsd D0E1348T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 105: Display layout 1 Path 2 Content 3 Status 4 Scroll bar (appears when needed) 150 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C • • • • The path shows the current location in the menu structure. If the path is too long to be shown, it is truncated from the beginning, and the truncation is indicated with three dots. The content area shows the menu content. The status area shows the current IED time, the user that is currently logged in and the object identification string which is settable via the LHMI or with PCM600. If text, pictures or other items do not fit in the display, a vertical scroll bar appears on the right. The text in content area is truncated from the beginning if it does not fit in the display horizontally. Truncation is indicated with three dots. D0E1333T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 106: Truncated path The number following the function name, for example ETHFRNT:1, indicates the instance number. The display is updated either cyclically or based on changes in the source data such as parameters or events. The function key panel shows on request what actions are possible with the function keys. Each function key has a LED indication that can be used as a feedback signal for the function key control action. The LED is connected to the required signal with PCM600. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 151 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1308T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 107: Function key panel The alarm LED panel shows on request the alarm text labels for the alarm LEDs. Three alarm LED pages are available. D0E1200T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 108: Alarm LED panel The function key and alarm LED panels are not visible at the same time. Each panel is shown by pressing one of the function keys or the Multipage button. Pressing the ESC button clears the panel from the display. Both the panels have dynamic width that depends on the label string length that the panel contains. 8.1.2 LEDs The LHMI includes three status LEDs above the display: Ready, Start and Trip. In Switchsync PWC600, only the Ready and Start LEDs are used. There are 15 programmable alarm LEDs on the front of the LHMI. Each LED can indicate three states with the colors: green, yellow and red. The alarm texts related to each three-color LED are divided into three pages and can be browsed with the Multipage button. 152 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C There are 3 separate pages of LEDs available. The 15 physical three-color LEDs in one LED group can indicate 45 different signals. Altogether, 135 signals can be indicated since there are three LED groups. The LEDs can be configured with PCM600 and the operation mode can be selected with the LHMI or PCM600. The functions and operation modes of the LEDs on page 1 are defined in the default pre-configuration. 8.1.3 Keypad The LHMI keypad contains push-buttons which are used to navigate in different views or menus. The push-buttons are also used to acknowledge alarms, reset indications or provide help. The keypad also contains programmable push-buttons (function keys) that can be configured either as menu shortcut or control buttons. The first function key is assigned in the default pre-configuration for resetting the alarm LEDs. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 153 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C 23 18 1 19 2 20 3 21 4 17 5 22 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 D0E1311T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 109: LHMI keypad (IEC variant) with object control, navigation and command push-buttons and RJ-45 communication port 1...5 Function key 6 Close 7 Open 8 Escape 9 Left 10 Down 11 Up 12 Right 13 User Log on 14 Enter 15 Remote/Local 16 Uplink LED 17 Ethernet communication port (RJ-45) 18 Multipage 19 Main menu 20 Clear 21 Help 22 Programmable alarm LEDs 23 Protection status LEDs 8.1.4 Local HMI functionality 8.1.4.1 Status and alarm indication Status indicators The status indicator LEDs are Ready and Start. 154 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C Since there are no protection functions available in Switchsync PWC600, Start and Trip LEDs are not used for application related signalling. Table 36: Ready LED (green) LED state Description Off Auxiliary supply voltage is disconnected. On Normal operation Flashing IED starting up, or internal fault Table 37: Start LED (yellow) LED state Description Off Normal operation. Flashing The IED is in test mode and functions are blocked. • The indication disappears when the IED is no longer in test mode and blocking is removed. Alarm indicators The 15 programmable three-color LEDs are used for alarm and status indication. Individual alarm/status signals are connected to the LED function blocks of Alarm Group 1 in the pre-configuration. 8.1.4.2 Parameter management The LHMI can be used to access the IED parameters. Three types of parameters can be read and written. • • • Numerical values String values Enumerated values Numerical values are presented either in integer or in decimal format with minimum and maximum values. Character strings can be edited character by character. Enumerated values have a predefined set of selectable values. 8.1.4.3 Front port communication The RJ-45 port in the LHMI enables Ethernet communication with a PC. • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual The green uplink LED on the left is lit when the cable is successfully connected to the port. 155 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1198T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 110: RJ-45 communication port and green indicator LED 1 RJ-45 connector 2 Green indicator LED When a computer is connected to the IED front port with a crossed-over cable, the IED's DHCP server for the front interface assigns an IP address to the computer if DHCPServer = On. The default IP address for the front port is 10.1.150.3. Do not connect the IED front port to a LAN. Connect only a single local PC with PCM600 to the front port. 8.2 Logging on When IED users have been defined in PCM600, a user must log on to perform any action. 1. 2. 156 to activate the logon procedure. Press The logon is also activated when attempting a password-protected operation. Select the user name by scrolling with and . Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1094T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 111: 3. Selecting the user name Enter the password when prompted and select OK. • • Activate the character to be entered with Enter the character with and . and . Upper and lower case letters are also found by scrolling the 255 characters with and . D0E1091T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 112: Entering the password Passwords are case sensitive. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 157 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C Only characters A - Z, a - z and 0 - 9 shall be used in user names. User names are not case sensitive. For passwords see the Password policies in PCM600. 4. Press to confirm the logon or to cancel the procedure. If the logon fails, a message is displayed on the display. D0E1299T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 113: Error message indicating an incorrect password The logon dialog appears if the attempted operation requires another level of user rights. Once a user is created and written into the IED, logon is possible with the password assigned in the tool. If there is no user created, an attempt to log on causes the display to show a corresponding message. 158 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1305T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 114: 8.3 No user defined Logging off The user is automatically logged off after the display timeout. The IED returns to a state where only reading is enabled. Manual logoff is also possible. 1. 2. . Press To confirm logoff, select Yes and press . D0E1302T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 115: • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Logging off To cancel logoff, press or select No and press . 159 Section 8 Local HMI 8.4 1MRK 511 346 C Navigating in the menu Navigate the menus and change the display views on the screen with the keypad. • • • • • • 8.4.1 To move to the Main menu or default view, press . To move up or down in a menu, press or . . To move down one level in the menu tree, press To move up one level in the menu tree, press . To enter setting mode, press . . To leave setting mode without saving, press Menu structure The Main menu contains main groups which are divided further into more detailed submenus. • • • • • • • • • • • • 8.4.2 Control Operation records Fingerprint records Events Measurements Disturbance records Settings Configuration Diagnostics Tests Clear Languages Scrolling the display If a menu contains more rows than the display can show at a time, a scroll bar is displayed on the right. 160 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C IEC13000064-1-en.vsd D0E986T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 116: • • • To scroll the view upwards, press . To scroll the view downwards, press . To jump from the last row to the first row, press • 8.4.3 Scroll bar on the right Press again. to jump from the first row to the last row. Changing the default view The default view of the display is Main menu unless set otherwise. 1. 2. 3. Select Main menu/Configuration/HMI/Screen/SCREEN:1, select the parameter DefaultScreen and press . Change the default view with or . Press to confirm the selection. The default pre-configuration includes a graphical display page named "Home". The text elements on the page need to be manually modified in Graphical Display Editor for the specific application. Other pre-defined pages are reserved for circuit breaker timing test mode. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 161 Section 8 Local HMI 8.5 1MRK 511 346 C Identifying the device The IED information includes detailed information about the device, such as revision and serial number. 1. 2. Select Main menu/Diagnostics/IED Status/Product identifiers. Browse the information with and . D0E983T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 117: 8.6 IED information Changing the local HMI language Only one language (English) is supported for this Switchsync PWC600 release. It is not possible to change the LHMI language. 8.7 Browsing setting values 1. 2. . Select Main menu/Settings/IED Settings and press Press to select Yes and to view the setting group values. • Press or to select No and to exit. Only setting group 1 is supported in this release of Switchsync PWC600. 162 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E997T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 118: 3. Selecting a setting group To browse the settings, scroll the list with . To move back to the list, press . and and to select a setting press D0E1336T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 119: Setting alternatives in the selected setting group The content of the list depends on the pre-configuration or on the functions configured with PCM600. 8.8 Editing values • 8.8.1 To edit values, log in with the appropriate user rights. If the user rights are not sufficient for editing values, the login dialog opens. Editing numerical values 1. Select Main menu/Settings and then a setting. The last digit of the value is active. • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual When the symbol in front of the value is ↑, the active value can only be increased. When the symbol is ↓, the active value can only be decreased. When the symbol in front of the value is ↕, the active value can either be increased or decreased. 163 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1097T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 120: 2. Last digit is active and it can be increased or decreased to increase or to decrease the value of an active digit. Press One press increases or decreases the value by a certain step. For integer values, the change is 1, 10, 100 or 1000 (...) depending on the active digit. For decimal values, the change can be fractions 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 (...) depending on the active digit. For parameters with defined steps, digits smaller than the step value cannot be edited. 3. 4. or to move the cursor to another digit. Press To select the minimum or maximum value, select the arrow symbol in front of the value. • • To set the value to the maximum, press To set the value to the minimum, press . . , the previous value can be restored by pressing once, and After pressing vice versa. Another press of or sets the value to the lower or higher limit. The symbol in front of the value is ↕, when the previous value is shown. 164 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1100T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 121: 8.8.2 Restoring the previous value Editing string values 1. 2. 3. Activate the setting mode and select a setting. When editing string values, the cursor moves to the first character. Press or to change the value of an active character. One press changes the value by one step. Press or to move the cursor to another character. • • To insert characters or space, press simultaneously To delete characters, press simultaneously and and . . Switchsync PWC600 supports Unicode characters. 8.8.3 Editing enumerated values 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Activate the setting mode and select a setting. When editing an enumerated value, the selected value is shown inverted. Press or to change the value of an active enumerated value. One press changes the enumerated value by one step in the parameter specific order. 165 Section 8 Local HMI 8.8.4 1MRK 511 346 C Changing time settings in LHMI If there is a need to change the time setting in the LHMI (Main menu/Configuration/ Time/System time/SYSTEMTIME:1) the change will take affect immediately. To confirm the new setting press 8.9 . To remove the change, press . Saving settings Editable values are stored in the non-volatile flash memory. Most of the parameter changes take effect immediately after storing, but some parameter changes require application restart. Values stored in the flash memory remain in effect after reboot as well. 1. 2. 3. Press to confirm any changes. Press to move upwards in the menu tree or to enter the Main Menu. To save the changes in non-volatile memory, select Yes and press . D0E1001T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 122: • • Confirming settings To exit without saving changes, select No and press . To return to editing without saving settings, select Cancel and press . Pressing Cancel in the Save changes dialog closes only the Save changes dialog box, but the IED remains in editing mode. All the changes applied to any setting are not lost and the user can continue to change settings. To leave the change setting mode, select No or Yes in the Save changes dialog. After changing any parameter marked with !, the IED restarts automatically for the changes to take effect. 166 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C 8.10 Clearing and acknowledging The Clear button is used to reset, acknowledge or clear all messages and indications, including LEDs and latched outputs as well as registers and recordings. Press the Clear button to activate a selection menu, and select the wanted clearance or reset function. Events and alarms assigned to alarm LEDs are cleared with the Clear button as well. 1. Press . to activate the Clear menu, or select Clear in the Main menu and press D0E1103T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 123: 2. 3. 4. 8.11 The content of the Clear menu is configured with PCM600. For Switchsync PWC600, the menu contents are defined in the default pre-configuration. Select the item to be cleared with or . Press , select OK to confirm the selection or Cancel to cancel the selection, and press . Repeat steps 2 and 3 to clear other items. Using the local HMI help 1. 2. 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Clear menu Press to open the help view. or if the help text exceeds the display area. Scroll the text with To close the help, press . The help dialog is also closed when the display timeout expires. 167 Section 8 Local HMI 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1112T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 124: 168 Help menu Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C Section 9 Web HMI The Web HMI (WHMI) enables the user to access the IED via a Web browser. The recommended Web browser version is Internet Explorer 9 or higher. WHMI offers several functions. • • • • • Display operation records Display waveform records Display lists of alarms and events Display graphical trend of selected data stored in operation records View and edit settings The WHMI can be accessed locally and remotely. • • Locally by connecting the user's computer to the IED via the front communication port. Remotely over LAN/WAN through the rear Ethernet communication port. For proper display of the WHMI, Compatibility View must be switched off in the Tools menu of Internet Explorer. 9.1 Logging in 1. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Connect to the IED by typing the IP address into the browser’s address bar. A blank page with only the Login button is displayed. 169 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-12D4941A-7D5D-4EDE-B138-4D790F8763B9 V1 EN Figure 125: Initial view for logging into WHMI For security reasons, no information about the IED is shown until the user has successfully logged in. 2. If the dialog box for entering user credentials does not open automatically, click the Login button. Type the user name and password, and click OK. With no user accounts defined in the IED, type SuperUser for both user name and password. 170 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-8393D0D9-00DD-488B-9A15-6F32A423D627 V1 EN Figure 126: Entering user name and password If wrong login credentials are entered for three times, server redirects to an error page. Maximum four concurrent users are supported. Two concurrent sessions with the same user name are allowed, but inactivity timeout is reduced to 30 seconds for the oldest session (Web server setting is overridden). 9.2 Logging out • To log out, click Logout on the menu bar. GUID-F2987898-7B18-48DF-847E-D7D933131753 V1 EN Figure 127: Logout After a certain period of inactivity, the WHMI user is automatically logged out. This Web client timeout is set in the Web server. The default timeout is 15 minutes. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 171 Section 9 Web HMI 9.3 1MRK 511 346 C Menu structure GUID-1C45F60E-D950-4A45-B17E-88A125D81E44 V1 EN Figure 128: • • • • 9.4 Web HMI main menu Home Returns to the start page. Lists Contains Operation records, Waveform records (disturbance records), Events, Alarms and Internal Events. Trend Contains Close operations and Open operations. Each has several submenus containing Accuracy, CB times, CB switching, Ambient, Drive energy and Additional. Only those items that are available (enabled) in the settings of Switchsync PWC600 are visible in the Trend menu. For example, if only controlled closing is enabled, the Open operations submenu cannot be accessed. Similarly, if the circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are not connected to Switchsync PWC600, no measurements of the mechanical operation properties are available and the CB times and CB switching menu entries are disabled. Furthermore, Trend submenus are enabled only if the data from at least one controlled switching operation are available in the IED's operation log. Reports Contains Status report and Configuration report. Warning and error messages In case the connection to a server is lost, an error message is shown. 172 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-FD08B619-C635-4A6A-83A3-4E2BE9096356 V2 EN Figure 129: • • Error message when the connection to server is lost Click OK to continue using WHMI. Click Cancel to logout. When connection to the IED is re-established, it may be necessary to log in again. 9.5 Accessing device information The initial page shows information on the IED, the load type and the last switching operation. This page can also be accessed from any other page. • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Click Home in the Switchsync PWC600 menu. 173 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-EC30E042-0887-412C-9792-A92CE6FB1F7B V3 EN Figure 130: Device information (home page) If no controlled switching operation is recorded, only the first row is displayed in the Last controlled switching operation section, with no values. The values under the Last controlled switching operation section are updated every ten seconds. 9.6 Selecting a list view The list view contains Operation records, Waveform records, Events, Alarms, and Internal events. • 174 Click the Lists tab on the menu bar. A drop-down list is displayed. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-63AFE9C7-09D0-4EB1-9148-E2AB192D7AAC V2 EN Figure 131: 9.7 Lists menu Navigating between pages Most list views can display a limited number of records on a single page. If the maximum number of records is exceeded, the information is distributed over several pages. Navigate between the display pages using the control elements on the screen. GUID-34EF36C3-9C2C-409C-B735-21DB1C94101A V1 EN Figure 132: • • • • • • Page navigation controls Select the Latest check box to view the latest records. In this mode, the page is updated every five seconds. No page number is displayed in the Select page box. Click to go to the page containing the latest records. Page number 1 is displayed in the text field and the Latest check box is automatically cleared. Click to go to the adjacent page containing newer records. The page number displayed in the text field decreases and the Latest check box is automatically cleared. Click to go to the adjacent page containing older records. The page number displayed in the text field increases and the Latest check box is automatically cleared. Click to go to the page containing the oldest records. The number of the last page is displayed in the text field and the Latest check box is automatically cleared. Enter a page number in the Select page box and click Submit to go to a specific page of records. The Latest check box is automatically cleared. Navigation controls that cannot be used in a given situation are disabled (dimmed). For example, when the last page is currently displayed, and controls are inactive. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 175 Section 9 Web HMI 9.8 1MRK 511 346 C Operation records Every switching command received at the command inputs of Switchsync PWC600 triggers an operation record. Each record is stamped with the date, time and the type of operation request (Close or Open). This information is displayed in the WHMI Operation records view, in the record list on the left, and it is used to identify the individual operation records. The same list also includes the record-specific information on electrical target errors in each phase. This value is defined as the deviation of the actual (detected) instant of current making or current interruption from the target instant. Color highlighting is used in the record list to indicate controlled switching operation status. Table 38: Color highlighting of operation records Background color Explanation Normal (alternating white and light gray) Successful controlled switching operation Red Controlled switching operation where electrical target error is above the limit in one or more phases. The time stamp of an operation record is the same as the trigger time of the associated waveform record. Any operation record in the list can be selected by clicking the respective table row. The selected record is highlighted bold. At the same time, all recorded data from that operation are brought up in the right frame of the view. The top header of the right frame repeats the record identification data. In addition, it specifies the operation mode, which is an assessment of the switching operation. The operation modes are defined by the software and cannot be changed by the user. The numeric code of the operation mode is stored in the CSV file exported from Trend views. All data stored in relation to the respective switching operation are listed in tabular form below the header. Most data are stored and displayed per phase. Data not applying to a specific phase are listed in the L1 column. Certain data, in particular current making angles, are relevant only for Close operations and thus the values are always zero for Open operations. Other data such as arcing times pertain only to Open operations and are always zero for Close operations. 176 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C 9.8.1 Viewing and downloading operation records The operation records page provides access to detailed data on the past controlled switching operations. • Select Lists/Operation records on the menu bar. Alternatively, when another list is already displayed, click the Operation records tab. The initial view contains the latest Close and Open records. The left frame shows a list of operations and the right frame gives details of the latest operation. The selected row in the left frame is displayed in bold. GUID-D5DA1433-39B5-467D-8F7C-3409EB448289 V3 EN Figure 133: • • • • • Operation records for open and close To display detail data of another operation record, click the corresponding row in the left frame. To display or to hide the data for Close or Open operations, select or clear the corresponding check box. At least one of the operation type should always be checked. Navigate between the pages with the arrow buttons if the list of operation records covers more than one page. To export the data into a CSV file, click . The downloaded CSV file contains all the operation records inside the IED. To view the operation records from the very first operations controlled by this IED, click the Fingerprint records button. To prevent loss of operation data, do not power off the IED within one hour of the last update to the operation log, that is, switching operations. The same applies after clearing the operation log. This Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 177 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C time constraint was introduced to minimize the number of write cycles to internal flash memory and cannot be changed. 9.9 Waveform records Every switching command received at the command inputs of Switchsync PWC600 triggers the disturbance recorder. It records the sampled voltage and current traces as well as selected binary signals before and after the trigger event. Only those binary channels which have been 1 at any time during the recording period are included. For controlled switching, switching events are usually not triggered by a system disturbance. Thus, within the context of Switchsync PWC600, disturbance records are called waveform records in most places. By default, Switchsync PWC600 stores waveform records of the latest 100 operations, overwriting the oldest one with the latest one. The waveform records are stored in COMTRADE format, comprising three files with the same name but different extensions (.dat, .cfg and .hdr). These can be viewed online or opened and analyzed by tools such as WaveWin, which is included in the PCM600 installation package. For easy transfer between devices, all files comprising one waveform record are packed into a ZIP file. 9.9.1 Viewing and managing list of waveform records • 178 On the main menu, click Lists/Waveform records. Alternatively, when another list is already displayed, click the Waveform records tab. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-8D927441-61C5-417B-BBD9-E9AD864917CA V1 EN Figure 134: • • To view a specific waveform record online, click the corresponding View icon. The record is opened in the graphical viewer in WHMI. To save a waveform record to the local computer, click the corresponding Download icon. Depending on the settings of the Web browser, one of the alternative actions follows. • • • • • List of waveform records in WHMI The downloaded file is opened in the default program for handling ZIP files. A file selector dialog opens where the location and name of the ZIP file can be entered. The user is prompted to choose one of the above actions. To delete one or more waveform records from the IED, select the corresponding check boxes and click Delete. Click OK in the confirmation dialog. To select or deselect all records at once select the check box in the header of the list. • To manually initiate a waveform recording, click Manual trigger. Delete and Manual trigger operations are available only to users with engineer or installer privileges. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 179 Section 9 Web HMI 9.9.2 1MRK 511 346 C Waveform viewer Switchsync PWC600 provides an online viewer for displaying stored waveform records graphically in the WHMI. GUID-221BBEE6-8ABE-4C94-8D1B-19E7ECE801AA V1 EN Figure 135: Waveform viewer in WHMI The waveform viewer can be used only for online display of waveform records stored in Switchsync PWC600. It is optimized for quick assessment of controlled switching operations. For offline viewing and full-featured analysis of waveform records, the record can be downloaded to the local system and opened in a COMTRADE viewer such as WaveWin. The Info table provides essential information about the waveform record. • • • • • 180 Station and Device identify the location of the controlled circuit breaker and Switchsync PWC600, specified by the TERMINALID settings. Start time gives the time stamp of the first sample in the record. Trigger point gives the time stamp of the received switching command and is shown in the list of waveform records. All other times within the record are counted relative to this instant. Channels gives the number of signals that are included in the record. Only those binary channels which have been 1 at any time during the recording period are included, hence the actual number is usually far lower than the maximum. Sample rate specifies the number of samples per second, same for each channel. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C By default, the entire waveform record, containing all signals over the entire recording period, is displayed in the graph area. The horizontal axis displays the time in milliseconds relative to the trigger point, which is the time stamp of the waveform record. Each analog channel is auto-scaled individually. The calculated minimum and maximum values of each channel are displayed under Min … Max in the signal list. These values depend only on the recorded data and are arranged symmetrically to zero; they cannot be changed by the user. 9.9.3 Viewing and managing waveform record graphs 1. 2. Click the View icon of the requested record in the records list to open the waveform record graph. To hide one or more signals from the graph, clear the corresponding check box in the signal list and click Update. Select or deselect all channels at once by clicking the check box in the header of the signal list. 3. Use the mouse pointer to adapt the view. • • Position the mouse pointer over the plot area to control the vertical cursor. The current time value of the cursor is displayed dynamically in the Time field. When the mouse pointer approaches a signal trace on the graph, it snaps to the nearest actually recorded point, which is marked by a small circle. The corresponding row in the signal list is highlighted in yellow. For analog signals, the primary value of that point is displayed in the Value field. Click and drag the pointer within the plot area to select a horizontal range. The length of the selected range together with its limits are displayed in the Selection field. Click anywhere inside the plot area to clear the selected range. While a horizontal range is selected, moving the mouse pointer over the plot area continues to update the Time and (if applicable) Value fields. No vertical cursor is displayed. 4. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Use the available buttons and the mouse pointer to navigate horizontally in the graph. 181 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C • • • • • • • To enlarge the middle of the graph, click Zoom in. No horizontal range should be selected. To shrink the middle of the graph, click Zoom out. To enlarge the area around the mouse pointer, turn the mouse wheel up (if available). No horizontal range should be selected. To shrink the area around the mouse pointer, turn the mouse wheel down (if available). To enlarge a specific area of the graph, select a horizontal range and click Zoom in or turn the mouse wheel (if available) up. To display the full time range of the record, click Reset zoom. After zooming in, to move the displayed range along the time axis, click the Pan left or Pan right buttons. Vertical zooming is not possible in the online waveform viewer. To enlarge an analog signal vertically, hide as many other signals as possible. Alternatively, download the waveform record to the local system and open it in a COMTRADE viewer such as WaveWin. 5. To save the entire waveform record to the local computer, click Download. Depending on the settings of the Web browser, one of the alternative actions follows. • • • 6. 7. 9.10 The downloaded file opens in the default program for handling ZIP files. A file selector dialog opens for entering the location and name of the ZIP file. The user is prompted to choose one of the above actions. To open another waveform record, click the appropriate navigation arrow . To close the waveform viewer and return to the list of waveform records, click Close. Alarms Alarms are generated by abnormal conditions detected by Switchsync PWC600. Two types of alarms are defined. • • 182 Warnings report conditions that are not critical but may become critical if not attended to. Alarms report conditions that are considered critical and should be attended to at once. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-A9B36768-E3A4-4B3A-AD56-259FE576DD7A V1 EN Figure 136: List of active alarms Initially when raised, any entry in the alarms list is active. The user can acknowledge an alarm. If the original alarm condition is gone, the alarm is removed from the list of active alarms. Otherwise it is still shown although with different background color. The user name and the time stamp of acknowledging are logged for each alarm and can be viewed in the list of all alarms. No special user privileges are required to acknowledge alarms. 9.10.1 Viewing and acknowledging alarms • • • To view only active alarms, click Show active alarms. This is the default view. To view all active and acknowledged alarms, click Show all alarms. To acknowledge one or more alarms, select the corresponding check boxes and click Acknowledge. To select several adjacent alarms, drag a rectangular selection area over the respective list rows. • 9.11 To acknowledge all alarms on the page, click Acknowledge all. Events and internal events The lists of events and internal events contain time-stamped records of status changes of specific signals. Events are created by the application and can be configured in ACT. Conversely, internal events are created by the IED’s operating software and cannot be modified. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 183 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C Each entry in the list contains the time stamp of the status change (date and time), the name of the supervised signal and its final value after the status change. The list of events can extend over several display pages, whereas all internal events are displayed on a single page in WHMI. 9.12 Viewing trend graphs The trend view graphically represents the data logged in operation records for a selected set of signals. 1. Click Trend on the menu bar, select the operation type (Close or Open) and the category of trend data to view. Only those signal categories can be selected for which data exist in the operation records. If no operation records are stored in the IED, all signal categories are disabled. Updating the main menu to reflect a change in available data can take up to two minutes. 2. Click one of the available tabs to view the trend of the selected data logged in the operation records. The content of the list under each tab depends on the application configuration (settings entered in Switchsync Setting Tool). Only those signal category tabs are visible for which data exist in the operation records. When a trend page is opened for the first time, certain data are selected by default. Once the selection is changed, it is preserved for that specific login session, even if the user moves to another page. • • • • • • 3. 184 To view electrical and mechanical target errors, click the Accuracy tab. Electrical target errors are shown by default. To view mechanical operating times, initial mechanical delay times and mechanical moving times, click the CB times tab. If available, mechanical operating times are shown by default. To view primary contact velocity, current making angles and arcing times, click the CB switching tab. Current making angles are shown by default for Close operations and arcing times for Open operations. To view control voltage, idle time and temperature, click the Ambient tab. The idle time is shown by default. To view drive pressure and spring charge levels, click the Drive energy tab. To view additional compensation quantities 1 and 2 with the user-defined designations, click the Additional tab. To define the signals to be displayed in the trend graph, select the corresponding check boxes in the signal list and click Apply. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C The arcing time listed under the CB switching tab in the Trend (Close operation) page is relevant only for Open operations. Thus, the value is always zero if arcing time is selected. Similarly, the current making angle listed under the CB switching tab in the Trend (Open operation) page is relevant only for Close operations. Thus, the value is always zero if the current making angle is selected. 4. 5. To save the currently selected trend data to the local computer, click . This works on the selection parameters as entered on the screen, even if the actual graph has not been updated by clicking Apply. Click the respective option under Select view to change the view mode to time view or equidistant view. By default, trend data are shown in the equidistant view. When the mouse pointer is positioned over the plot area, it controls a vertical cursor. On approaching a signal trace on the graph, it will snap to the nearest actually recorded point (corresponding to a switching operation), which is marked by a small circle. A tool tip displays the signal name, time stamp of the operation and the primary value of that signal. Trend views are not dynamically updated with addition or deletion of the operation records. 9.12.1 Changing the range of data points in equidistant view In the equidistant view mode, data points are plotted at equal horizontal spacing, regardless of the actual time difference between them. The horizontal axis labels the record numbers. Up to 100 data points can be shown in a graph at once; this limit cannot be changed. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 185 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-56E752C8-4709-463A-A4F1-DAC849DA04A0 V1 EN Figure 137: • 9.12.2 Equidistant trend view Drag the sliders on the View records bar and click Apply to change the range of data points to plot. Changing the range of data points in time view In the time view mode, data points are plotted at variable horizontal spacing reflecting the actual time difference between them. The horizontal axis labels the time stamps of the records. This is useful for visualizing the impact of the time on the viewed quantities. 186 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-8E569FBE-0DE3-439D-89AD-AE28904F6C8D V1 EN Figure 138: • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Time view of trend Adjust Start date and End date and click Apply to change the range of data points to plot. Up to 250 data points can be shown in a graph at once; this limit cannot be changed. If a larger data range is selected, the Web interface combines adjacent data points automatically and displays their average value as a single point. This condition is flagged by a message text on the screen (Figure 139). 187 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-1FFAB421-2590-4C28-87A0-A3F62435CED4 V1 EN Figure 139: Message for too many data points selected Click the Date box to open a calendar control and select the date with the mouse pointer. Click the associated up and down buttons to adjust the Time fields. Holding the button pressed increases the change rate. If no data are recorded in the selected interval, an error message is displayed. GUID-38CE2EA1-47BF-48B4-BB12-1AC31AED3516 V1 EN Figure 140: 188 Error message for invalid time period Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C 9.13 Generating reports Reports are useful in communicating with ABB for troubleshooting an IED. 1. 2. Click Reports on the menu bar. Click Configuration report to generate a configuration report. A new window opens. GUID-0718A2C5-3360-4A80-B215-796446E68D28 V2 EN Figure 141: 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Configuration report Click Status report to generate a status report. A new window opens. 189 Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-A51E5932-1918-4EC0-B61A-654164AF02C2 V2 EN Figure 142: Status report To transfer the information from a report to another application, select the report text and copy it to the operating system's clipboard. 9.14 IED menu Clicking the IED tab opens the IED menu, which is similar in structure to the menu on the LHMI. It allows online access to many data and functions that otherwise are available only locally on the IED. 190 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 9 Web HMI 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-10A9A35F-3B19-4790-A430-79A7AD3221AD V1 EN Figure 143: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual IED menu in WHMI 191 192 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C Section 10 Commissioning 10.1 Commissioning checklist Before starting commissioning at site, ensure that the following items are available. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 10.2 Checking IED operation • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Single-line diagram including locations of connected measuring devices (CTs and PTs) within the bay or the station Specification and design configuration of the equipment to be switched Specifications of connected current and voltage transformers (ratio, accuracy class, burden) Circuit diagram showing connections of the Switchsync PWC600 IED and the controlled circuit breaker Routine test results for individual poles of the circuit breaker Equipment for primary or secondary injection of voltage and current Equipment for measuring loop resistance and earthing resistance Equipment for measuring insulation resistance If CB timing test is to be performed: cables and accessories for connecting the circuit breaker’s primary contacts to the designated binary inputs of Switchsync PWC600 Intended switching duty and setting targets with expected results PC with PCM600 installed along with the latest connectivity packages corresponding to the IEDs to be tested Project data file (.pcmp) or IED configuration files (.pcmi) containing the configured IED objects, which are the output of the application engineering process Administrator rights on the PC to set up IP addresses if necessary RJ-45 Ethernet cable (CAT 5, crossover) Product documentation Check all connections to external circuitry to ensure correct installation, before energizing the IED and carrying out the commissioning procedures. Energize the power supply of the IED to start it up. 193 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C • • • 10.3 This could be done in a number of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single IED. Set the IED's system time in Main menu/Configuration/Time, if no time synchronization source is configured. Check the self-supervision function in Main menu/Diagnostics/Internal events or Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General menu in local HMI to verify that the IED is functioning properly. Write the application configuration to the IED, as described in the Application Engineering section, if not done previously. Checking CT circuits • • • • • Ensure that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied connection diagram. Perform a primary injection test to verify the current ratio of the CT, the correct wiring up to the Switchsync PWC600 IED and correct phase sequence connection (L1-L2-L3 or L1-L3-L2). Measure CT secondary loop resistance to confirm that the current transformer secondary loop DC resistance is within specification and that there are no high resistance joints in the CT winding or wiring. Check the earthing of the individual CT secondary circuits to verify that each three-phase set of main CTs is properly connected to the station earth and only at one electrical point. Check the insulation resistance. CT and VT connectors on the IED are pre-coded, and the CT and VT connector markings are different. For more information, see the installation section. 10.4 Checking VT circuits Check that the wiring is in strict accordance with the supplied connection diagram. Correct possible errors before continuing to test the circuitry. Test the circuitry. • • • • • 194 Polarity check VT circuit voltage measurement (primary injection test) Earthing check Phase relationship Insulation resistance check Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C The polarity check verifies the integrity of circuits and the phase relationships. The check must be performed as close to the IED as possible. The primary injection test verifies the VT ratio and the wiring all the way from the primary system to the IED. Injection must be performed for each phase-to-neutral circuit and each phase-to-phase pair. In each case, voltages in all phases and neutral are measured. 10.5 Checking binary input and output circuits 10.5.1 Binary input circuits Preferably, disconnect the binary input connector from the binary input cards. Check that both input level and polarity of all connected signals are in accordance with the IED specifications. 10.5.2 Binary output circuits Preferably, disconnect the binary output connector from the binary output cards. Check that both load and polarity of all connected signals are in accordance with the IED specifications. 10.6 Checking optical connections • • Check that the Tx and Rx optical connections are correct. Check the 9-2 LE optical connection and PPS connection in case the current or voltages are from an IEC 61850 9-2 LE merging unit. An IED equipped with optical connections requires a minimum clearance of 180 mm for plastic fiber cables and 275 mm for glass fiber cables. Check the allowed minimum bending radius from the optical cable manufacturer. 10.7 Circuit breaker operating times For accurate controlled switching, Switchsync PWC600 needs to know the mechanical operating times of the controlled circuit breaker, that is, from switching command to primary contact touch/separation. By default, it takes these from the type data of the CB model selected in SST. However, if possible more accurate data of each Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 195 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C circuit breaker pole should be used. These can be entered manually, or acquired automatically by Switchsync PWC600 itself. 10.7.1 Entering operating times manually If the actual mechanical operating times of the circuit breaker are available from recent commissioning tests, they can be entered directly in the Switchsync Setting tool. 1. 2. 3. In PCM600, open the Switchsync Setting tool for the IED. Select Start new session and click OK. In the list of milestones in the left frame, click the last item Breaker Times. The entire list of milestones is displayed only when the IED has been configured previously through the Switchsync Setting tool. 4. Enter the actual mechanical closing times of each circuit breaker pole. For values that are unknown, leave the default values. GUID-E0E7696B-F74E-43EE-852D-9F7688F3902D V2 EN Figure 144: Entering actual circuit breaker operating times for close operations The fields for entering auxiliary contact times are displayed only when auxiliary contacts are connected and enabled by corresponding settings under the Reference Signals milestone. 5. 196 Click Next. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C 6. 7. 8. Enter the actual mechanical opening times of each circuit breaker pole. For values that are unknown, leave the default values. Click Finish. Write the settings to the IED, as described in the chapter on application engineering. The values entered here are applied only when in function block CBLEARN the parameter AvgSetSet is set to the default value SetOPisDefaultValues. When different operating time values have been entered for the circuit breaker, reset the CB unstable mode calculation in all three phases. • • 10.7.2 In the Clear menu of the LHMI, select Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear unstable mode/ACBMSCBR:1 and click OK to confirm the reset. Repeat this procedure for ACBMSCBR:2 and ACBMSCBR:3. Circuit breaker timing test mode Circuit breaker test mode is a user interface for the commissioning engineer, which automatically acquires the operating times of the main contacts and auxiliary contacts (optionally). It is, however, not recommended in already live substations, where electromagnetic fields may interfere with the measurements. For mechanical switching operations, Switchsync PWC600 is inserted into the circuit breaker control circuits. During each controlled operation it automatically measures the mechanical closing and opening times of each circuit breaker pole. By default, five close or open operations are performed, depending on which control signals are connected to Switchsync PWC600. After each operation, the results are presented to the operator to accept or reject them. When sufficient number of accepted results are available, they are averaged for each pole and made available internally for use in subsequent controlled switching operations. In addition to primary contacts, the timing of auxiliary contacts - preferably one at the start and one at the end of the motion - can be acquired and used for monitoring the circuit breaker operations. When the IED is installed for the first time, the operating times of the contacts follow the default set value in CBLEARN, which is the application function in the preconfiguration. These values can be modified through SST (Switchsync Setting tool) in PCM600. 10.7.2.1 Electrical connections Circuit breaker test mode utilizes the electrical connections that are already in place for a point-on-wave control of the circuit breaker. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 197 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C • • • Close and/or open command inputs (BI) Command outputs to close and/or trip coils (PBO) Optionally, inputs (PBI) from auxiliary contacts NO (52a) and/or NC (52b) L1 L2 + L3 PWC600 X324 18 17 16 15 14 13 3x RD – GUID-440975EE-544A-49D9-9A42-83C6A9EE1BDC V1 EN Figure 145: Temporary wiring for DC measurement Certain additional connections are needed for applying the circuit breaker test mode. • Each primary contact must be connected via a DC supply to PBI. These connections are only temporary. During circuit breaker test mode execution it is much like what is done during normal circuit breaker commissioning. The corresponding inputs are otherwise assumed as unused in Switchsync PWC600. RD are discharge resistors, which are defined in the binary inputs section. They can be installed permanently or temporarily. The contacts and the operation types for which timing is measured are defined by the options selected in Switchsync Setting Tool. • • 10.7.2.2 LHMI navigation 1. 2. 3. 198 Breaker Control/Controlled breaker operations Reference Signals: Further Signals/Auxiliary contacts connected Establish and verify all the electrical connections. Activate the circuit breaker test mode on Switchsync PWC600. For entering the CB test mode, select CB test mode in the Tests menu. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-3C3F5FF3-AECC-4BBC-9DE3-CC586780927B V1 EN Figure 146: CB test mode menu Switchsync PWC600 should not be in IED test mode while performing the CB test mode operation. 4. Select Enter CB test mode to monitor and accept or reject the breaker contact timings. GUID-02C759A6-8B0B-411F-875F-68A8098869E3 V1 EN Figure 147: 5. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual CB test mode submenu A confirmation dialog box is opened to enter into the CB test mode. 199 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-009C86BC-85B5-4094-922A-BD0A14D51269 V1 EN Figure 148: 6. CB test mode activation dialog With OK selected, press the Enter key. CB test mode operation page opens. LED_15 flashes continuously to confirm that Switchsync PWC600 is in circuit breaker test mode. 6 5 4 1 3 2 GUID-8508A523-93FB-4EB6-984B-EC69B7774FE4 V2 EN Figure 149: CB test mode page 1 Position of the contact 2 Measured timing of last operation 3 Symbol for warning on inaccuracy or wiring error 4 Status of the last operation: Ok = Successful Failed = Operation failed 5 Count of operation 200 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C 6 Indication to show which operation was last Reject last, Accept last, Finish, Abort are soft buttons for manual intervention. A followed by on the selected soft button is operated by pressing the Close button front panel. The CB test average opening and closing time pages are accessed using the right arrow key on the LHMI. GUID-C7CB20AC-2055-48FC-98ED-1D346F808333 V2 EN Figure 150: CB test average opening times GUID-02442740-2F91-425F-B6C9-EF0D9128609F V Figure 151: CB test average closing times When Switchsync PWC600 is configured only for open operations, the close operations are disabled which is indicated by a text disabled beside the close count in Avg closing times page. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 201 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C When Switchsync PWC600 is configured only for close operations, the open operations are disabled which is indicated by a text disabled beside the open count in Avg opening times page. To exit the CB test mode display pages (Operation, Avg closing times, Avg opening . Note that by doing this, CB test mode is still active. To re-enter the times) press CB test mode user interface repeat the steps explained in Figure 146, Figure 147 and Figure 148. 10.7.2.3 Operation Once Switchsync PWC600 is in CB test mode, open and close commands can be executed. Before giving any command check for static wiring errors, because command will not be accepted until static wiring errors are cleared. Table 39: Expected status of inputs on entering CB test mode L1 L2 L3 Main Open Open Open NO (52a) Open Open Open NC (52b) Closed Closed Closed So the breaker is in open position and there are no wiring errors. • Execute a close command externally Table 40: Expected status of inputs from breaker after close command L1 L2 L3 Main Closed Closed Closed NO (52a) Closed Closed Closed NC (52b) Open Open Open The operating times for NO, NC, Main contacts and position of contacts corresponding to the last close operation from LHMI screen are displayed as shown in Figure 152. 202 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-57F64E96-D239-495D-A9B3-4104E1AFAC8C V1 EN Figure 152: Last operation time corresponds to close command On the LHMI screen the symbol (!!) beside the operating time indicates the operating time alarm. The alarm is high because the operating time did not satisfy the tolerance limit. • • If the operating time is satisfactory, execute the next command or the Accept last command. Either of these actions updates the average close time. Execute the Accept last command from LHMI. Once this command is executed as explained in Figure 153 and Figure 154, the last operation times values are sent for averaging and these values can be accessed from the LHMI screen (Avg closing time) as shown in Figure 156 and last operation times become zero as shown in Figure 155. GUID-086BDFE1-5472-463E-B459-54802B5E2C94 V1 EN Figure 153: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Selection for Accept last soft button from LHMI using Up or Down arrows 203 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-6DC9A32F-1BDC-4712-84C3-9B426DA931D2 V1 EN Figure 154: Confirmation for Accept last GUID-0533266C-8DAA-48DA-9475-FE623D95BD35 V1 EN Figure 155: 204 Last operation time after selecting Accept last Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-71F1B6FA-E14E-44B4-ABEA-672D85E22DAE V1 EN Figure 156: • CB test average closing times Execute an open command externally Table 41: Expected status of inputs from breaker after open command L1 L2 L3 Main Open Open Open NO (52a) Open Open Open NC (52b) Closed Closed Closed The operating times for NO, NC and Main contacts corresponding to the last open operation from LHMI screen are displayed as shown in Figure 157. GUID-EB8D2583-B5CB-496C-89CD-102E2242554B V1 EN Figure 157: • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Last operation time corresponds to open command If the operating time is unsatisfactory, select Reject last. Execute reject command from LHMI. Once the Reject last command is activated as explained in Figure 158 and Figure 159, the operating times of the last operation are reset to zero and the corresponding operation count is decremented by 1 as shown in Figure 160. The 205 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C Avg switching times for the last operation will not be updated, as shown in Figure 161. GUID-E1023E9B-74FC-450F-A485-8BAF9330FE1D V1 EN Figure 158: Selection for Reject last soft button from LHMI using Up or Down Arrows GUID-51BEAD2B-6742-4A5E-B31C-767BAE0EB5B1 V1 EN Figure 159: 206 Confirmation for Reject last Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-A2C187BA-5CCB-4BA0-98AF-B63672997412 V2 EN Figure 160: Last operation times after selecting Reject last GUID-C7CB20AC-2055-48FC-98ED-1D346F808333 V2 EN Figure 161: • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual CB test average opening times Execute additional close operations and open operations, assessing each one as described above. For good statistics, it is recommended to perform at least five close/open cycles. When the number of performed operations is sufficient, select Accept last, see Figure 153, Figure 154 and Figure 155. Read out the final average operating times, as described above, and write them down for later reference. Select Finish as explained in Figure 162 and Figure 163. Once the Finish command has been given, the function deactivates circuit breaker test mode (LED_15 stops flashing). 207 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-2B3D7778-C13E-4E6B-A533-AEA61BA27739 V1 EN Figure 162: Selection for Finish button from LHMI using Up or Down arrows GUID-9B7EE391-B13F-4C98-B158-6AE76DB00B28 V1 EN Figure 163: Confirmation for Finish To prevent loss of the learned CB operating times, do not power off the IED within one hour of finishing circuit breaker timing test mode. After completing the circuit breaker timing test, before putting IED into operation, clear Adaptive correction and the information stored inside the application for the detection of Unstable CB operation from LHMI. The paths for clearing Adaptive correction Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear adaptive comp/ ACBMSCBR:1 208 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear adaptive comp/ ACBMSCBR:2 Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear adaptive comp/ ACBMSCBR:3 The paths for clearing CB unstable detection Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear unstable mode/ ACBMSCBR:1 Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear unstable mode/ ACBMSCBR:2 Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators/Clear unstable mode/ ACBMSCBR:3 To apply these learned settings, select the AvgSetSel setting option setOPisCalcAvgValues in the CBLEARN function (Main menu/Settings/IED Settings/#1/Monitoring/CBLEARN/CBLEARN:1/AvgSetSel). To go back to the set value in CBLEARN function, select the AvgSetSel setting option setOpisDefaultValues in the CBLEARN function. The required selection should preferably be made using PST of the PCM600 tool. This avoids overwriting if a change was made only in LHMI. The selected circuit breaker times can be viewed in LHMI and WHMI in the following menu: Tests/Function status/Monitoring/CBLEARN/CBLEARN:1/Outputs, as shown in Figure 164. The signal names and descriptions are shown in Table 42. GUID-FA1B171E-488A-4AA7-BD28-377FD61999FA V1 EN Figure 164: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Final operating times after Finish command 209 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C Table 42: Signal name Circuit breaker times Description OPTIMNOL1 Time from trip command to NO (52a) contact open in L1 phase OPTIMNOL2 Time from trip command to NO (52a) contact open in L2 phase OPTIMNOL3 Time from trip command to NO (52a) contact open in L3 phase OPTIMNCL1 Time from trip command to NC (52b) contact close in L1 phase OPTIMNCL2 Time from trip command to NC (52b) contact close in L2 phase OPTIMNCL3 Time from trip command to NC (52b) contact close in L3 phase OPTIMPRIL1 Time from trip command to primary contact separation in L1 phase OPTIMPRIL2 Time from trip command to primary contact separation in L2 phase OPTIMPRIL3 Time from trip command to primary contact separation in L3 phase CLTIMNOL1 Time from close command to NO (52a) contact close in L1 phase CLTIMNOL2 Time from close command to NO (52a) contact close in L2 phase CLTIMNOL3 Time from close command to NO (52a) contact close in L3 phase CLTIMNCL1 Time from close command to NC (52b) contact open in L1 phase CLTIMNCL2 Time from close command to NC (52b) contact open in L2 phase CLTIMNCL3 Time from close command to NC (52b) contact open in L3 phase CLTIMPRIL1 Time from close command to primary contact touch in L1 phase CLTIMPRIL2 Time from close command to primary contact touch in L2 phase CLTIMPRIL3 Time from close command to primary contact touch in L3 phase Make sure to remove the temporary connections from the circuit breaker's main contacts after completion of the timing test. 10.8 Live switching The suitable operating procedures to be adopted depend on the application and type of operation. During live commissioning, the success of every controlled switching operation shall be assessed based on data from operation records and waveform records. Both types of data are most easily accessed through the Web interface (WHMI). Operation records can also be viewed on the LHMI. Waveform records can be downloaded from WHMI or through PCM600 and viewed in WaveWin or a similar COMTRADE viewing tool on the PC. The following subsections give guidelines per the application type. 210 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C 10.8.1 Capacitor bank 1. 2. 3. 10.8.2 Shunt reactor 1. 2. 3. 4. 10.8.3 Perform a controlled closing operation, and confirm that low inrush peak is observed in individual phase currents. Target errors (that is, deviation of actual switching instants from target instants) shown in the operation record should not exceed one millisecond. If so configured, perform a controlled opening operation and confirm that no restrike has been detected. Again, target errors should not exceed one millisecond. Perform at least three further switching operations and validate consistency in controlled switching performance. Ensure that the reactor is de-energized by the CB controlled by Switchsync PWC600. For example, during controlled de-energization of a reactor by the tie breaker in a 1½-breakers-scheme, the main circuit breaker shall be open. If required, provide essential interlocking. If so configured, perform a controlled closing operation, and confirm that a low amount of asymmetry is observed in individual phase currents. Target errors (that is, deviation of actual switching instants from target instants) shown in the operation record should not exceed one millisecond. Perform a controlled opening operation and confirm that no re-ignition has been detected. Target errors should not exceed one millisecond. Perform at least three further switching operations and validate consistency in controlled switching performance. Power transformer 1. Prior to live switching, confirm the consistency of adaptation feedback with five no-load operations. • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual If the operating times of auxiliary contacts are consistent, showing opening and closing time variations in the specified range, enable adaptive correction of mechanical operating times (SST: Adaptive Correction milestone). Otherwise disable this feature until the inrush currents have been reduced to acceptable levels. Adaptive correction of electrical operating times shall always be enabled. 211 Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C Ensure that the breaker on the opposite end of the transformer is kept open during controlled opening or closing operation. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Perform a controlled closing operation using the preset controlled switching strategy (SST). The result of this first energization is not relevant as the residual flux in the transformer is unknown. Perform a controlled opening operation, and check that target errors shown in the operation record do not exceed one millisecond in each phase. Perform another controlled closing operation. Evaluate the inrush current peaks both in positive and negative cycles for individual phases. Target errors (that is, deviation of actual switching instants from target instants) shown in the operation record should not exceed one millisecond. If the current peak levels are within acceptable limits skip the next step. To further reduce inrush currents, apply a user-defined controlled closing strategy. Adjust the energization targets for individual phases manually, based on relative current peaks for individual phases with respect to full load current of the transformer, taking into account core design and connection configuration. Perform a controlled opening operation, followed by another controlled closing operation, and check the inrush peaks. If inrush is found to be within limits, perform further three operations to check consistency in mitigation effect. If adaptive correction of mechanical operating times has been disabled at the commencement of live switching, it should be re-enabled as soon as satisfactory controlled switching performance has been achieved. 10.8.4 Transmission line or power cable In case of transmission lines, it is advised to bypass the overvoltage protection or set it to a higher level during commissioning, until the desired overvoltage mitigation has been ascertained. Ensure that the remote end breaker is open during the live switching tests of the line from the end with Switchsync PWC600. For validating performance in discharged condition of the transmission line, ensure that the line has been de-energized for more than 60 seconds, so that any trapped charge has decayed to insignificant levels prior to energization. 1. 212 Perform a controlled closing operation, and confirm that each phase is energized near its source voltage zero. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 10 Commissioning 1MRK 511 346 C 2. 3. Target errors (that is, deviation of actual switching instants from target instants) shown in the operation record should not exceed one millisecond. If so configured, perform a controlled opening operation and confirm that no restrike has been detected. Target errors shown in the operation record should not exceed one millisecond. Perform at least three further switching operations and validate consistency in controlled switching performance. For controlled energization of lines in presence of trapped charges, the line shall be reenergized through an autoreclosing relay with the remote-end breaker open (possibility of highest level of TOV). For this, the controlled energization should be preceded by de-energization of the line. It is recommended to measure the voltage signals at both the local and the receiving end of the line, as the overvoltage is highest at the open remote end of the line due to travelling wave phenomena. 10.9 Concluding commissioning When commissioning of Switchsync PWC600 has been successfully completed, continue with the concluding actions. 1. 2. 3. 4. In PCM600, export the current project or the relevant IED objects, which contain all the latest adjusted data, to the local PC. In PCM600 Event Viewer, download the latest events and export them to an Excel file. Using the WHMI in Switchsync PWC600, export the list of operation records to a local CSV file. Using the WHMI in Switchsync PWC600, save all waveform records to local ZIP files. Make sure to store all files in a backup-protected location for later reference. 5. 6. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual If some of the commissioning operations were unsuccessful due to non-optimal settings, clear the Fingerprint records in LHMI at Clear/Clear fingerprint records/SSCPOW:1. Remove all external test equipment and cabling used during commissioning. 213 214 Section 11 IED operation 1MRK 511 346 C Section 11 IED operation 11.1 Start-up 11.1.1 Checking IED operation Check all connections to external circuitry to ensure correct installation, before energizing the IED and carrying out the commissioning procedures. Energize the power supply of the IED to start it up. This could be done in a number of ways, from energizing a whole cubicle to energizing a single IED. Set the IED's system time in Main menu/Configuration/Time, if no time synchronization source is configured. Check the self-supervision function in Main menu/Diagnostics/Internal events or Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General menu in local HMI to verify that the IED is functioning properly. 11.1.2 IED start-up sequence The following sequence is expected when the IED is energized. • • • Within a few seconds, the green Ready LED starts flashing and the ABB logo is shown on the LCD. After approximately 30 seconds, "Starting" is shown on the LCD. Within 90 seconds, the main menu is shown on the LCD and the green Ready LED shows a steady light, which indicates a successful startup. If the green Ready LED continues to flash after startup, the IED has detected an internal error. Navigate via Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General to investigate the error description. 11.2 Normal operation In a normal IED use situation, the basic operation includes monitoring and checking procedures. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 215 Section 11 IED operation 1MRK 511 346 C • • • • Monitoring measured values Checking object states Checking function setting parameters Checking events and alarms All basic operations can be performed via the LHMI, WHMI, or with PCM600. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 11.3 Controlled switching operations A controlled switching operation can be initiated by a signal on the respective binary input or via IEC 61850 GOOSE from another IED. The internal waveform recorder is used to record all controlled switching operations. In addition to the waveform record, key data of each switching operation are stored in the operation log. 11.3.1 Mode information in operation log Every switching operation is classified by the operation mode, see Table 43. • • If multiple conditions are applicable, the mode with the lowest number in the order column is declared as operation log mode. Contingency • • • • • Constant load is defined as a fixed load, such as capacitor or reactor bank, that is, at constant voltage and frequency, the load current drawn is constant. A circuit breaker is considered to be electrically closed under certain conditions. • • • 216 Circuit breaker status is faulty, intermediate or unstable. Reference signal is lost. Synchronous switching is externally blocked. For constant loads: If the current above the dead value setting is flowing through the CT For all loads: If the voltage is detected above dead voltage setting on the load VT Otherwise the circuit breaker is considered to be electrically open. A circuit breaker is considered to be mechanically closed if the normally open contact (52a) is closed and the normally closed contact (52b) is open. It is considered to be mechanically open if the normally open contact (52a) is open and the normally closed contact (52b) is closed. Mechanical status can be derived using one or two status inputs (Table 44). Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 11 IED operation 1MRK 511 346 C Table 43: Order 1 Operation log modes Numeric mode 1451 Mode text Blocked Description of conditions • • Block inputs for a particular command are high when the command is received or a contingency exists and the contingency mode has been selected to block the particular type of operation. When the synchronous switching commands are blocked by the BlkSynSw (block synchronous switching) input of SSCPOW and the contingency mode has been selected to bypass a particular command. 2 1448 RefMiss • When the command was received, there was no proper reference signal available. (Reference for close operation is always voltage and for open operations, it can be voltage or current. However for current as reference, if the current option fails, the IED automatically falls back to voltage as reference, if it is available). 3. 1446 Cancel • If there are time synchronizing issues, the PIO card may reject to operate the output commands issued by the function. When rejecting commands, the PIO card generates cancel commands. 4. 1450 CBInter • For constant loads, when there is a disagreement in electrical and mechanical status of the circuit breaker. If mechanical status is unknown or faulty, the electrical status is considered and the CBInter mode is not declared. For other loads, CBInter mode is not applicable. • 5. 1449 CBUnstab • • • 6. 1473 Redundnt • • • When the mechanical operating times are inconsistent (varying by 10% over previous operating time) for two consecutive operations. Close operations are compared only to close operations and open operations only to open operations. This mode is declared only when it is detected for the first time. All further operations are declared as either bypassed or blocked (according to contingency mode) till the CBUnstab condition is reset. When a close command is received while the circuit breaker is already monitored to be in closed condition When an open command is received while the circuit breaker is already monitored to be in open condition A circuit breaker is considered to be closed under certain conditions. • • For constant loads, electrical status takes preference For other loads, mechanical status takes preference Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 217 Section 11 IED operation 1MRK 511 346 C Order 7. Numeric mode Mode text 1474 Failed Description of conditions • When a command is issued and no feedback of mechanical or electrical status change is detected within 250 ms for predefined loads or within 500 ms for user-defined load from the time the command is issued by the IED. • For open operations ~140 ms from the time primary contacts are supposed to have separated for all the loads. The above time values are applicable for 50 Hz system. For 60 Hz system, they are ~83.3% of the given values. 8 1443 Bypassed • • 9 1464 BlkSynSw • When the synchronous switching commands are bypassed by the BlkSynSw (block synchronous switching) input of SSCPOW and contingency mode is selected to bypass a particular command. 10 1444 External • When an operation has been detected to be done externally (command not issued from PWC600 but mechanical and/or electrical circuit breaker status change is detected) 11 1441 Actual • When a switching is monitored to have taken place as it was supposed to be. 12 1452 1455 1456 Actual* CBUnstab* CBInter* • When the modes above have electrical target error alarms detected above the specified limits. (Electrical target error is defined as the error between predicted and actual electrical operating times and the threshold is taken from breaker data.) Modes with target alarm “*” supersede the original modes. • Table 44: Mechanical status detection Configured circuit NO (52a) breaker auxiliary contact Both NO and NC are available Only NO is available Only NC is available 218 When the Bypass setting has been selected to bypass a particular command When contingency has been detected and contingency mode setting has been selected to bypass a particular command. NC (52b) Mechanical status Closed Open Closed Open Closed Open Closed Closed Faulty Open Open Unknown Closed NA Closed Open NA Open NA Open Closed NA Closed Open Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 12.1 Monitoring 12.1.1 Indications The operation of the IED can be monitored via three different indications on the LHMI. • • Three indicator LEDs with fixed functionality: Ready, Start and Trip 15 programmable three-color alarm LEDs which can present 45 virtual LED states • For each On state LED color and for the LED off state, texts can be programmed with PCM600 and via LHMI. These texts are displayed on the LHMI. For Switchsync PWC600, the functions of the LEDs on page 1 and associated texts are defined in the default pre-configuration. 12.1.1.1 Viewing the operation log via the local HMI The OPERLOG function is available on the local HMI under Main Menu/Operation records. The fingerprint records are available on the local HMI under Main Menu/ Fingerprint records. After selecting the respective item, press to view either the operation records or the fingerprint records. IEC12000053 V2 EN Figure 165: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Main Menu view 219 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 12.1.1.2 1MRK 511 346 C Monitoring alarm data Active alarms are indicated by the alarm LEDs and the LED in the Multipage button. The alarms are configured with PCM600. The alarm type and information depend on the application configuration. 1. 2. 3. Press to open the alarm view. Press or to move between active alarms in the page, or press to switch between the three alarm pages. to open a dialog box that shows more detailed information about the Press selected alarm. D0E1247T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 166: 4. 5. Press Press Press Alarm details or to close the dialog box. to close the alarm view. to activate the Clear view and to clear alarms. D0E1203T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 167: 220 Alarm data Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C 12.1.1.3 Monitoring an internal IED fault The flashing green LED indicates an internal IED fault. The fault messages are found in the LHMI menu. 1. 2. Select Main menu/Diagnostics/Internal events or IED status/General to view the latest fault indication. or to scroll the view. Press D0E1032T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 168: Example of fault indications Although DNP3 status is displayed as Ready, the functionality is not enabled in this release of Switchsync PWC600. The internal event list is not updated dynamically. To update the list, leave the Internal events menu and then select it again. 12.1.2 Monitoring measured and calculated values All values show the momentary measurement value and some include demand values calculated from a set period. 1. 2. 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Select Main menu/Measurements to monitor measured and calculated values. The list of IED's basic measurements is shown. Scroll the view with and . to show the selected measurements. Press 221 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 12.1.3 1MRK 511 346 C Recorded data The IED is provided with intelligent and flexible functionality that collects different kinds of data. The recorded data give substantial information for analysis of the controlled switching operations. • • • • • 12.1.3.1 Waveform records (disturbance records) Events Alarms [1] Operation records Fingerprint records Operation log To prevent loss of operation data, do not power off the IED within one hour of the last update to the operation log, that is, switching operations. The same applies after clearing the operation log. This time constraint was introduced to minimize the number of write cycles to internal flash memory and cannot be changed. Viewing the operation log list 1. 2. Navigate to Main Menu/Operation Records. Press and to navigate between operation log instances. Figure 169 shows how the stored operation log instances are displayed. IEC12000054 V2 EN Figure 169: Operation log list view [1] Accessible only from WHMI 222 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C Viewing operation log records 1. 2. With an operation log instance selected, press to view the operation records of that instance. Press or to navigate between the records. IEC12000055 V2 EN Figure 170: Operation log records view The latest 100 records are displayed in this view. The last record is shown always first. The full list of operation records can be accessed through the WHMI. The operation log records view displays all the records for all circuit breaker open and close operations along with the command timestamps, instance number and mode. The operation log records view is not updated dynamically if new records are stored while the view is open. In order to view the new records, return to the operation log instances view and then re-open the operation log records view. Viewing operation log phase segregated data The operation log record view figure shows the list of last 100 records. If the operation log instance has been configured to store phase segregated data: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Navigate to Main Menu/Operation Log to select the operation log instance. The user defined names of the primary instances menu list is displayed. Press to view the record list. Press or to select the record. Press to view the recorded values. Press to exit from the record details view. 223 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C IEC12000057 V2 EN Figure 171: Operation log phase segregated data view The signal names are the user-defined names of the inputs of the primary instance of OPERLOG. The values listed under L1 column is from the primary instance, L2 and L3 are from the second and third OPERLOG function block in the daisy chain in ACT. The user defined signal name displayed in the Signal column is limited to 13 characters only. The maximum number of characters to be displayed on the local HMI for phase segregated data view are 26 characters. 12.1.3.2 Waveform records Creating disturbance recordings The disturbance recorder records waveforms and binary events associated to a switching operation. In Switchsync PWC600, controlled switching operations are not initiated due to system disturbances. However, as the function is identical to the implementation in protection relays, the same name is used here. Normally disturbance recordings are triggered by the IED applications but the recording can also be triggered manually. 1. 2. 3. 224 Select Main menu/Disturbance records. Select Manual Trig with or . to execute manual triggering. Press Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1003T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 172: Manual triggering The disturbance recorder is now triggered and the view is updated to include the new record. Viewing disturbance recorder data Read individual disturbance recordings from the IED with the PCM600 software to monitor disturbance recorder data. Graphical viewing and downloading of disturbance records (waveform records) is also possible via WHMI. 1. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Select Main menu/Disturbance records. All disturbance records are listed. Scroll the view with or . 225 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1015T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 173: 3. Monitoring disturbance recorder via the LHMI To view a specific disturbance record, press . A list of detail categories is displayed. In Switchsync PWC600, only the "General information" category is available. D0E1154T201305141540 V3 EN Figure 174: 4. Disturbance record data categories To view the items under this category, press or and then . Controlling and reading disturbance recorder data Disturbance recorder data can be controlled and read with PCM600. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 226 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C 12.1.3.3 Events The event view contains a list of events produced by the application configuration. The events are grouped by day, and each event takes one line. Select the order of events with the setting Main menu/Configuration/HMI/Screen/SCREEN:1/ EvListSrtOrder. 1. 2. 3. Select Main menu/Events. to open the event list. Press Events are shown grouped by date. Time, channel, signal name and value of the event are shown. Press or to scroll the view. D0E1156T201305141540 V1 EN Figure 175: Monitoring events The event list is not updated dynamically. To update the list, leave the Events menu and then select it again. 12.1.4 Remote monitoring The IED supports comprehensive remote monitoring. 12.1.4.1 Monitoring the IED remotely Use the PCM600 tool to operate the IED remotely. • • • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Read maintenance record and version log. Analyze disturbance record data. Create disturbance records. Monitor IED values. 227 Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C For more information, see PCM600 documentation. Remote monitoring is also possible through the WHMI, see the section Web HMI in this manual. 12.2 Clearing status information On the HMI, use the Clear menu to reset, acknowledge or clear all messages and indications, including LEDs and latched outputs as well as registers and recordings. Pressing the Clear button activates a view for selecting the reset function. Events and alarms assigned to alarm LEDs can also be cleared with the Clear button. 1. Press to activate the Clear view. All the items that can be cleared are shown. D0E1103T201305141540 V2 EN Figure 176: 2. 3. 4. Clear view Select the item to be cleared with or . Press , select OK to confirm the selection or Cancel to cancel the selection. To clear other items, repeat the steps. In addition to the general procedure above, latched LED indications can be cleared in the default pre-configuration by any of the actions listed below. • 228 On the LHMI, press function key 1 twice, the second time holding it for minimum one second. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 12 Local HMI operating procedures 1MRK 511 346 C GUID-CE2E5FDE-3EB5-4557-B1F5-FCAA2B6BEB33 V1 EN Figure 177: • • • Function key 1 Activate (energize) binary input PBI01. Issue a controlled Close or Open command by activating the corresponding binary input. In the IED menu of WHMI, navigate to Clear/Clear LEDs/All indication LEDs, enter new value True, and click Write to IED. GUID-8626A853-2486-4FAA-845E-5A102D0BECD7 V1 EN Figure 178: Clear indication LEDs from WHMI After writing to the IED, the displayed value is automatically reset to False. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 229 230 Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Section 13 Troubleshooting 13.1 Application diagnostics The pre-configuration of Switchsync PWC600 provides diagnostic information by several means. • • • • • LEDs on the local HMI Hardware binary outputs Entries in the Event Log Alarms IEC 61850 data objects All diagnostic conditions and possible indication channels are described in Table 45. Generation and indication of diagnostic information can be controlled by settings or by the application configuration in the Application Configuration tool. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 231 232 1 (red) 3 (red) BIO:4 BIO:5 ElClsTrErAlm ElClsTrErAlL1 ElClsTrErAlL2 ElClsTrErAlL3 MeOpnTrErWrL1 MeOpnTrErWrL2 MeOpnTrErWrL3 MeOpnTrErWrn MeOpnTrErAlL1 MeOpnTrErAlL2 MeOpnTrErAlL3 MeOpnTrErAlm MeClsTrErWrL1 MeClsTrErWrL2 MeClsTrErWrL3 MeClsTrErAlL1 MeClsTrErAlL2 MeClsTrErAlL3 MeClsTrErAlm MeClsTrErWrn UnstbOperL1 UnstbOperL2 UnstbOperL3 ReStr_ReIgL1 ReStr_ReIgL2 ReStr_ReIgL3 Events UnstbOperL1 UnstbOperL2 UnstbOperL3 ReStr_ReIgL1 ReStr_ReIgL2 ReStr_RelgL3 Alarm (WHMI) Table continues on next page 2 (red) 3 (yellow) LED - - - - - LD0\ACBMSCBR1\Unst OpChr LD0\ACBMSCBR2\Unst OpChr LD0\ACBMSCBR3\Unst OpChr LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind2 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind3 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind4 IEC 61850 data object1) Electrical close target error Alarm Mechanical open target error Warning Mechanical close target error Warning Mechanical open target error Alarm Mechanical close target error Alarm Unstable circuit breaker operation characteristics Re-strike / Re-ignition detected Description Diagnostic information generated by default pre-configuration of Switchsync PWC600 Binary output Table 45: For every close operation, Electrical closing time is predicted; electrical close target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) electrical closing time and predicted electrical closing time. The For every open operation, mechanical opening time is predicted based on the primary contact operating time input and mean arcing time setting (mean arcing time is the average of latest and earliest opening times); mechanical open target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) mechanical opening time and predicted mechanical opening time. The warning is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. For every close operation, mechanical closing time is predicted; mechanical close target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) mechanical closing time and predicted mechanical closing time. The warning is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. For every open operation, mechanical opening time is predicted based on the primary contact operating time input and mean arcing time setting (mean arcing time is the average of latest and earliest opening times); mechanical open target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) mechanical opening time and predicted mechanical opening time. The alarm is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. For every close operation, mechanical closing time is predicted; mechanical close target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) mechanical closing time and predicted mechanical closing time. The alarm is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. The operating times of two consecutive controlled switching operations of the same type (close or open) twice in a row or different type (C-O or O-C) deviate by more than ±10% in any of these sequences as mentioned in the example (underlined operations have deviations): C-C, O-O, C-O, C-O-C, O-C, O-CO. The CB is declared unstable and all further commands are either bypassed or blocked according to the contingency mode setting. May occur after setting or learning different CB operating times. In the last controlled Open operation, re-strike or reignition has been detected in one or more phases. Note: Re-ignition is defined as current flowing for minimum 2.25 ms after the target zero crossing. Explanation Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Latched signal. Reset from Clear menu Transient signal Transition behavior Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 8 (yellow) 9 (yellow) - - MechClsTimWrn MechOpnTimWrn LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind4 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind2 LD0\SP16GGIO3\Ind1 AblationWrnL1 AblationWrnL2 AblationWrnL3 SS_1\SSCPOW1\LosCS ig LD0\ACBMSCBR1\OpC ntWrn LD0\ACBMSCBR2\OpC ntWrn LD0\ACBMSCBR3\OpC ntWrn LossofCompSig LD0\ACBMSCBR1\Cntr Pos LD0\ACBMSCBR2\Cntr Pos LD0\ACBMSCBR3\Cntr Pos - - - IEC 61850 data object1) OpCntWrnL1 OpCntWrnL2 OpCntWrnL3 LossofCompSig 6 (red) ContradPosL1 ContradPosL2 ContradPosL3 ElOpnTrErWrL1 ElOpnTrErWrL2 ElOpnTrErWrL3 ElOpnTrErWrn ContradPos ElClsTrErWrL1 ElClsTrErWrL2 ElClsTrErWrL3 ElOpnTrErAlL1 ElOpnTrErAlL2 ElOpnTrErAlL3 ElOpnTrErAlm ElClsTrErWrn Events Alarm (WHMI) 5 (red) 2 (yellow) LED Table continues on next page BIO:7 BIO:6 Binary output Mechanical opening time warning Mechanical closing time warning Circuit breaker interrupter wear warning Number of circuit breaker operations above warning limit Loss of compensation signal or sensor fault Contradicting mechanical and electrcial positions Electrical open target error Warning Electrical close target error Warning Electrical open target error Alarm Description Circuit breaker's mechanical opening time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the mechanical opening time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Circuit breaker's mechanical closing time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the mechanical closing time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Circuit breaker contacts are monitored for electrical wear (erosion, ablation). Whenever the accumulated contact wear exceeds the configured limit, this warning is generated. The number of circuit breaker close-open operations exceeds the set warning limit. Any sensor has failed which is used for compensation of circuit breaker operating times. Electrical and mechanical status of circuit breaker do not agree, in particular current flowing while auxiliary contacts indicate circuit breaker open. Note: has relevance only if both auxiliary contacts are connected and load current can be trusted for determining the status electrically (hence valid only for reactor and capacitor loads) For every open operation, Electrical opening time is predicted; electrical open target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) electrical opening time and predicted electrical opening time. The warning is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. For every close operation, Electrical closing time is predicted; electrical close target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) electrical closing time and predicted electrical closing time. The warning is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. For every open operation, Electrical opening time is predicted; electrical open target error is defined as the difference between actual (measured) electrical opening time and predicted electrical opening time. The alarm is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. alarm is generated whenever this error exceeds the configured limit. Explanation Transient signal Transient signal Persisting signal. Cannot be reset unless Ablation is reset or warning level is increased. Persisting signal. Cannot be reset unless operation count is reset or warning level is increased. Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transition behavior 1MRK 511 346 C Section 13 Troubleshooting 233 234 7 (yellow) LED - TempWrn - OpnVelWrn - - ClsVelWrn CntVoltWrn - MechMvOpnWrn - - MechMovClsWrn IdleTimWrn - IntOpnDelWrn - - IntClsDelWrn DrvPresWrn Events Alarm (WHMI) Table continues on next page Binary output LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind10 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind8 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind6 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind12 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind16 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind14 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind12 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind10 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind8 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind6 IEC 61850 data object1) Ambient temperature out of warning limit Control voltage out of warning limit Idle time out of warning limit Circuit breaker drive pressure out of warning limit Mechanical opening velocity warning Mechanical closing velocity warning Mechanical open moving time warning Mechanical close moving time warning Initial mechanical opening delay warning Initial mechanical closing delay warning Description Circuit breaker ambient temperature has gone beyond the warning level set in configured directions Control voltage to the drive (also to IED) has gone beyond the warning level set in configured directions Idle time has crossed the warning level since the last changeover Circuit breaker drive pressure has crossed a warning limit. Circuit breaker's opening velocity is monitored against the set thresholds; when the velocity crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Opening velocity is defined as the linear calculated velocity (distance divided by time) between NO/52a auxiliary contact opening and NC/52b contact closing. Circuit breaker's closing velocity is monitored against the set thresholds; when the velocity crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Closing velocity is defined as the linear calculated velocity (distance divided by time) between NC/52b auxiliary contact opening and NO/52a contact closing. Circuit breaker's open moving time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Note: open moving time is defined as the time from first auxiliary contact going low to the second auxiliary contact going high. Circuit breaker's close moving time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Note: close moving time is defined as the time from first auxiliary contact going low to the second auxiliary contact going high. Circuit breaker's initial mechanical delay time for opening operation is monitored against the set thresholds; when the initial mechanical delay time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Note: Initial delay time is defined as the time from command till the first auxiliary contact goes low. Circuit breaker's initial mechanical delay time for closing operation is monitored against the set thresholds; when the initial mechanical delay time crosses the warning level set in configured directions, this warning is generated. Note: Initial delay time is defined as the time from command till the first auxiliary contact goes low. Explanation Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transition behavior Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 7 (red) BIO:8 - - - - - IntClsDelAlm IntOpnDelAlm MechMovClsAlm MechMvOpnAlm - AddnQty2Alm MechOpnTimAlm - AddnQty1Alm - - TempAlm MechClsTimAlm - CntVoltAlm - AddnQty2Wrn - - AddnQty1Wrn DrvPresAlm Events Alarm (WHMI) Table continues on next page 8 (red) LED Binary output LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind11 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind9 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind7 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind5 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind3 LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind1 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind15 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind13 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind9 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind7 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind11 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind16 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind14 IEC 61850 data object1) Mechanical open moving time alarm Mechanical close moving time alarm Initial mechanical opening delay alarm Initial mechanical closing delay alarm Mechanical opening time alarm Mechanical closing time alarm Additional signal2 out of alarm limit Additional signal1 out of alarm limit Ambient temperature out of alarm limit Control voltage out of alarm limit Circuit breaker drive pressure out of alarm limit Additional signal2 out of warning limit Additional signal1 out of warning limit Description Circuit breaker's open moving time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Note: open moving time is defined as the time from first auxiliary contact going low to the second auxiliary contact going high. Circuit breaker's close moving time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Note: close moving time is defined as the time from first auxiliary contact going low to the second auxiliary contact going high. Circuit breaker's initial mechanical delay time for opening operation is monitored against the set thresholds; when the initial mechanical delay time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Note: Initial delay time is defined as the time from command till the first auxiliary contact goes low. Circuit breaker's initial mechanical delay time for closing operation is monitored against the set thresholds; when the initial mechanical delay time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Note: Initial delay time is defined as the time from command till the first auxiliary contact goes low. Circuit breaker's mechanical opening time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the mechanical opening time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Circuit breaker's mechanical closing time is monitored against the set thresholds; when the mechanical closing time crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Additional signal 2 has gone beyond the alarm level set in configured directions Additional signal 1 has gone beyond the alarm level set in configured directions Circuit breaker ambient temperature has gone beyond the alarm level set in configured directions Control voltage to the drive (also to IED) has gone beyond the alarm level set in configured directions. Circuit breaker drive pressure has crossed an alarm limit. Additional signal 2 has gone beyond the warning level set in configured directions Additional signal 1 has gone beyond the warning level set in configured directions Explanation Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Transition behavior 1MRK 511 346 C Section 13 Troubleshooting 235 236 14 (red) 12 (red) PSM:7 PSM:8 MUSrcCurData MUSrcVolData MULodVolData MUSrcCurSynMU - - - - NoRefSignal - DiscrepTrip - - - - - LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind1 LD0\ACBMSCBR1\OpC ntAlm LD0\ACBMSCBR2\OpC ntAlm LD0\ACBMSCBR3\OpC ntAlm LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind15 OpCntAlmL1 OpCntAlmL2 OpCntAlmL3 - OpnVelAlm LD0\SP16GGIO2\Ind13 LD0\SP16GGIO1\Ind5 - ClsVelAlm IEC 61850 data object1) AblationAlmL1 AblationAlmL2 AblationAlmL3 Events Alarm (WHMI) Table continues on next page 4 (yellow) 9 (red) LED BIO:9 Binary output Current merging unit is not synchronised Discrepancy in sample sequence from load voltage merging unit Discrepancy in sample sequence from source voltage merging unit Discrepancy in sample sequence from current merging unit Pole discrepancy trip in CB timing test mode Reference signal lost Number of circuit breaker operations above alarm limit Circuit breaker contact ablation alarm Mechanical opening velocity alarm Mechanical closing velocity alarm Description Merging unit for current signal is not synchronized to its master. This information is taken from the Quality flag in the datastream. Indicates when the sample sequence needs to be realigned, that is, the application needs to be restarted soon. The signal is raised for 2 seconds before the application is restarted. In CB timing test mode, pole discrepancy trip is issued if a command is not completely executed (if correct status feedback is not received for all three breaker poles). During normal operation, pole discrepancy trip is issued only for internal errors. Source voltage is lost (when the circuit breaker is open) or current reference was set for open operation and both current and voltage reference are lost. Note: If the circuit breaker is closed and the reference is set for current for open operations and the current signal to the IED is not being received; this alarm may not be raised if the source voltage is still available. The IED counts the mechanical operations of the circuit breaker; whenever this count exceeds the set value for alarm, operation count alarm is generated. Note: a close followed by an open operation is counted as one operation. Circuit breaker contacts are monitored for electrical wear (ablation). Whenever the accumulated contact wear exceeds the configured limit, this alarm is generated. Circuit breaker's opening velocity is monitored against the set thresholds; when the velocity crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Opening velocity is defined as the linear calculated velocity (distance divided by time) between NO/52a auxiliary contact opening and NC/52b contact closing. Circuit breaker's closing velocity is monitored against the set thresholds; when the velocity crosses the alarm level set in configured directions, this alarm is generated. Closing velocity is defined as the linear calculated velocity (distance divided by time) between NC/52b auxiliary contact opening and NO/52a contact closing. Explanation Fleeting signal Resets after application restart. Transient signal Fleeting signal Persisting signal. Cannot be reset unless operation count is reset or alarm level is increased. Persisting signal. Cannot be reset unless Ablation is reset or alarm level is increased. Transient signal Transient signal Transition behavior Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual - MUSrcCurSynch MUSrcVolSynch MULodVolSynch - - - - - - - - 13 (red) Table continues on next page - UnContSwitch 4 (red) - - MaxRestrReig 1 (yellow) - MULodVolSmpLt - - - - - LD0\SP16GGIO3\Ind3 - - MUSrcVolSmpLt - - - MUSrcCurSmpLt No binary output contact configured MaxTimeExceed - - MULodVolSynMU - - MUSrcVolSynMU - IEC 61850 data object1) Events Alarm (WHMI) 11 (red) 12 (yellow) LED PSM:9 Binary output CB timing test mode command error CB timing test mode unsuccessful last open operation CB timing test mode unsuccessful last close operation CB timing test mode contact feedback time exceeded Uncontrolled switching operation Limit for re-strike/reignition correction reached Maximum allowed delay time for operation exceeded Sample(s) from load voltage merging unit lost / invalid Sample(s) from source voltage merging unit lost / invalid Sample(s) from current merging unit lost / invalid Hardware synchronization of bad quality or lost Load voltage merging unit is not synchronised Source voltage merging unit is not synchronised Description During CB timing test, if the command is issued for a particular pole and either the pole doesn’t operate or another pole operates; this alarm is generated. Note: detail of command error can be seen in the CMDERCD output. During CB timing test, if the last open operation failed to complete; this alarm is generated. During CB timing test, if the last close operation failed to complete; this alarm is generated. During CB timing test, command is issued for any pole to operate and the feedback is not received within the configured time; this alarm is generated. The circuit breaker has been operated without point on wave control - either because of set operation on ByPassMode or because of ContingencyMode set to bypass with contingency conditions arrving for a particular operation. Note: contingency conditions include reference missing and circuit breaker unstable. Indicates that further extension of target arcing time is not possible to avoid re-strikes or re-ignitions. Controller delay is calculated as the time between command received till the time the command for the last pole to be operated is released by the controller. When this time exceeds the set time limit, this alarm is generated. Indicates that more than one sample has been lost or marked as invalid, over-flown or failed, and the sample has thereafter been substituted. Time quality of the hardware synchronization is outside the set limit (synchAccLevel parameter), or the 1PPS signal is lost. Merging unit for load voltage signal is not synchronized to its master. This information is taken from the Quality flag in the datastream. Merging unit for source voltage signal is not synchronized to its master. This information is taken from the Quality flag in the datastream. Explanation Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Fleeting signal, will be high for minimum 1 second. Fleeting signal. Note that synchronization after re-connection of 1PPS may take several minutes. Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Transition behavior 1MRK 511 346 C Section 13 Troubleshooting 237 238 CloseByPass BlockOpen BlockClose StartPOW - - - - RstOpRec OpenByPass - - Prim-L1 Prim-L2 Prim-L3 - BlockOperLog NC-L1 NC-L2 NC-L3 - - NO-L1 NO-L2 NO-L3 - No LEDs configured CBTestModAct - - - Events Alarm (WHMI) 15 (green flashing) LED Table continues on next page Binary output - - - - - - - - - - - - IEC 61850 data object1) Reset operation records Operation record logging blocked Point on wave control in progress Close command is blocked Open command is blocked Controlled close operations bypassed Controlled open operations bypassed Circuit breaker primary contact Circuit breaker auxiliary contact NC (52b) Circuit breaker auxiliary contact NO (52a) CB timing test mode active CB timing test mode wiring error Description Command has been received to clear run time operations records. Operation log is prevented from recording any information. Controlled switching command has been received and is being processed. This remains high from the time the command has been received till the time all output commands to the CB have been switched off. Either because of input for blocking close operation or because of ContingencyMode set to block close operations with contingency conditions arrving for a close operation, the command has been blocked and the circuit breaker has not been issued any command. Note: contingency conditions include reference missing and circuit breaker unstable. Either because of input for blocking open operation or because of ContingencyMode set to block open operations with contingency conditions arrving for a open operation, the command has been blocked and the circuit breaker has not been issued any command. Note: contingency conditions include reference missing and circuit breaker unstable. Closing operation is bypassed. Refer: UnContSwitch Open operation is bypassed. Refer: UnContSwitch Status of primary contact in circuit breaker, used during offline testing. Status of NC (52b) auxiliary contact in circuit breaker drive. Status of NO (52a) auxiliary contact in circuit breaker drive. Circuit breaker timing CB test mode was activated: controlled switching operations are no more permitted; all commands being received will be electrically staggered between the three poles by about 500 ms, for acquisition of CB operating times. During CB timing test, two types of wiring errors can be identified: 1. static wiring error - NO and primary should both be open/closed and NC should have reverse status and this should be the same for all three poles. 2. Dynamic wiring error - command was issued to one pole but another pole operated. This alarm is generated if any one one the above happens. Explanation Transient signal Fleeting signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Changeover contact from CB Changeover contact (On when CB is open) Changeover contact (On when CB is closed) CB test mode can be exited only by selecting "Finish" or "Abort" command on the CB test mode LHMI screen. Transient signal Transition behavior Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual No LEDs configured LED CloseCmdIn OpenCmdIn MUSrcCurTstMd MUSrcVolTstMd MULodVolTstMd SpChOCOBlk SpChCOBlk - - - - - - - CmdCancel TimeSynchErr - - OpnCmdOutL1 OpnCmdOutL2 OpnCmdOutL3 - OpenCmdGIn ClsCmdOutL1 ClsCmdOutL2 ClsCmdOutL3 - - FaultCurDetL1 FaultCurDetL2 FaultCurDetL3 - CloseCmdGIn RstFpRec - - Events Alarm (WHMI) LD0\SP16GGIO3\Ind2 - - - - - - - - - - IEC 61850 data object1) Command processing internally cancelled Open command input through GOOSE Close command input through GOOSE Circuit breaker operating capability: O (CO block) Circuit breaker operating capability: CO (OCO block) Load voltage merging unit in Test Mode Source voltage merging unit in Test Mode Current merging unit in Test Mode Open command input (hardwired) Close command input (hardwired) Time synchronization error Synchronous open command output Synchronous close command output Fault current detected Reset fingerprint records Description Controlled switching command cannot be executed due to processing error. Input command from GOOSE signal to initiate controlled opening operation. Input command from GOOSE signal to initiate controlled closing operation. Circuit breaker spring charge level has dropped below the C-O operation capability and the C-O block has been received in addition to O-C-O block. Only Open operation is permitted. Circuit breaker spring charge level has dropped below the OCO operation capability and OCO block has been received. Only CO operation is permitted. The connected MU is operating in Test Mode. Received from quality flag in datastream. No IED setting affects this signal. Input command from binary input to initiate controlled opening operation. Input command from binary input to initiate controlled closing operation. Time synchronization (hardware or software) source is lost. Signals for recording the time at which the controlled open commands are being released to the circuit breaker. Signals for recording the time at which the controlled close commands are being released to the circuit breaker. The interrupted current is above the set fault current limit. Command has been received to clear finger print operations records, or the settings for Monitoring Compensation function have been altered thus forcing a clear. Explanation Transient signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Fleeting signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transient signal Transition behavior 1) The data shall be read as <Logical device><Instance number>\<Logical node type><Instance number>\<Data object name> for logical devices other than LD0. For logical device LD0, the data shall be read as LD0\<Logical node type><Instance number>\<Data object name>. Transient signals are defined as signals that are generated during an operation and remain high for less than 100 milliseconds. LED indications of transient signals are latched. Fleeting signals are defined as signals that remain active as long as the actuating conditions persist. Once these conditions are no more present, the signals reset automatically. Binary output 1MRK 511 346 C Section 13 Troubleshooting 239 Section 13 Troubleshooting 13.1.1 1MRK 511 346 C Resetting persistent signals As mentioned in Table 45, certain diagnostic signals from the application are persistent, meaning they will not disappear automatically. These signals must be cleared manually from LHMI or WHMI. 1. 2. 3. In LHMI, navigate to Main menu/Clear/Clear CB cond. indicators. Select the indication to be cleared, see Table 46. Click OK to confirm. Table 46: Resetting persistent indications Indication Menu path for clearing Remarks Unstable circuit breaker operation characteristics (UnstbOperLx) Clear unstable mode/ ACBMSCBR:x To be repeated for each CB pole (instance x) that has exhibited unstable timing. This indication shall be cleared only after the CB problems leading to this condition have been remedied, or after setting / learning different nominal operating times. Number of circuit breaker operations above warning limit (OpCntWrnLx) / alarm limit (OpCntAlmLx) Clear operation count/ ACBMSCBR:x Clearing will set the CB operation counter to 0. Therefore, this should be done only after overhaul or exchange of the CB pole. Circuit breaker interrupter wear warning (AblationWrnLx) / alarm (AblationAlmLx) Clear CB wear/ACBMSCBR:x Clearing will set the counter of cumulated interrupter wear (ablation) to InitialCumAblLx. Therefore, this should be done only after overhaul or exchange of the CB interrupter. In Table 46, x refers both to the CB pole (L1/L2/L3) and to the instance number of the corresponding function block (ACBMSCBR:1/2/3). Indications have to be cleared in each function block instance individually. 13.2 Fault tracing 13.2.1 Identifying hardware errors 1. Check which module has an error. • • 2. 240 Check the general IED status in Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/ General for a faulty hardware module. Check the history of changes in internal event list in Main menu/ Diagnostics/Internal Events. Inspect the IED visually. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C • • 3. Check whether the error is external or internal. • • 13.2.2 Remove the wiring from the IED and test the input and output operation with an external test device. If the problem remains, contact ABB for repair or replacement actions. Identifying runtime errors 1. 2. 3. 4. 13.2.3 Inspect the IED visually to find any physical error causes. If you can find some obvious physical damage, contact ABB for repair or replacement actions. Check the error origin from Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General. Reboot the IED and recheck the supervision events to see if the fault has cleared. In Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General, the status on all items should show Off or Ready. In case of persistent faults, contact ABB for corrective actions. Identifying communication errors Communication errors are normally communication interruptions or synchronization message errors due to communication link breakdown. • • 13.2.3.1 Check the IEC61850 communication status in internal event list in Main menu/ Diagnostics/IED Status/General. In case of persistent faults originating from IED's internal faults such as component breakdown, contact ABB for repair or replacement actions. Checking communication link operation There are several different communication links on the product. First check that all communication ports that are used for communication are turned on. 1. Check the front communication port RJ-45. 1.1. Check that the uplink LED is lit with a steady green light. The uplink LED is located on the LHMI above the RJ-45 communication port on the left. The port is used for direct electrical communication to a PC connected via a crossed-over Ethernet cable. 1.2. Check the communication status of the front port via the LHMI in Main menu/Test/Function status/Communication/DOSFRNT:1/Outputs. Check that the LINKUP value is 1, that is, the communication is working. When the value is 0, there is no communication link. 2. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Check the communication status of the rear port X1 via the LHMI in Main menu/Tests/Function status/Communication/DOSLAN1:1/Outputs. The X1 communication port on the rear side of the IED is for optical Ethernet via LC connector. 241 Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C • 13.2.3.2 Check that the LINKUP value is 1, that is, the communication is working. When the value is 0, there is no communication link. Checking merging unit status GUID-D7DE8F0E-39F8-4347-BA6A-65586CBE4F5E V1 EN Figure 179: • Merging unit status in normal operation Check the status of merging unit via the LHMI in Main menu/Diagnostics/ Merging units/MUx_4I_4U. x stands for the merging unit function block instance. See Table 45 for explanations of the indication signals. The configured LED or binary output indication goes high only if the corresponding merging unit is used in the application. 13.2.3.3 Checking time synchronization • Select Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General and check the status of the time synchronization on Time Synch. The Time synch value is Ready when the synchronization is in order. Note that the time synchronization source has to be activated. Otherwise the value is always Ready. 242 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C 13.2.4 Running the display test To run the display test, either use the push buttons or start the test via the menu. • • Select Main menu/Tests/LED test and press Press simultaneously and . . All the LEDs are tested by turning them on simultaneously. The display shows a set of patterns so that all the pixels are activated. After the test, the display returns to normal state. 13.3 Indication messages 13.3.1 Internal faults When the Ready LED indicates an internal fault by flashing, the message associated with the fault is found in the internal event list in the LHMI menu Main menu/ Diagnostics/Internal events. The message includes the date, time, description and signal state for the fault. The internal event list is not updated dynamically. The list is updated by leaving the Internal events menu and then selecting it again. The current status of the internal fault signals can also be checked via the LHMI in Main menu/ Diagnostics/IED status/General. Different actions are taken depending on the severity of the fault. If the fault is found to be permanent, the IED stays in internal fault mode. The IED continues to perform internal tests during the fault situation. When a fault appears, contact ABB. Make sure to include the fault indication status data and internal event listings in the request. Table 47: Internal fault indications Fault indication Additional information Internal Fault Real Time Clock Error Hardware error with the real time clock. Internal Fault Runtime Exec. Error One or more of the application threads are not working properly. Internal Fault SW Watchdog Error This signal will be activated when the terminal has been under too heavy load for at least 5 minutes. Internal Fault Runtime App Error One or more of the application threads are not in an expected state. Internal Fault File System Error A file system error has occurred. Internal Fault TRM-Error A TRM card error has occurred. The slot number is displayed at the end of the fault indication. Internal Fault COM-Error A COM card error has occurred. The slot number is displayed at the end of the fault indication. Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 243 Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Fault indication 13.3.2 Additional information Internal Fault PSM-Error A PSM card error has occurred. The slot number is displayed at the end of the fault indication. Internal Fault PIO-Error A PIO card error has occurred. The slot number is displayed at the end of the fault indication. Internal Fault BIO-Error A BIO card error has occurred. The slot number is displayed at the end of the fault indication. Warnings The warning message associated with the fault is found in the internal event list in the LHMI menu Main menu/Diagnostics/Internal events. The message includes the date, time, description and signal state for the fault. The current status of the internal fault signals can also be checked via the LHMI in Main menu/Diagnostics/IED status/General. When a fault appears, record the fault indication message and state it when ordering service. Table 48: Warning indication Warning IEC 61850 Error 13.3.3 Warning indications Additional information IEC 61850 has not succeeded in some actions such as reading the configuration file, startup etc. Additional indications The additional indication messages do not activate internal fault or warning. The messages are listed in the LHMI menu under the internal events list. The signal status data is found under the IED status and in the internal event list. Table 49: Warning indication 244 Additional indications Additional information Time Synch Error Source of the time synchronization is lost or time system has made a time reset. Internal Fail Auxiliary power is disconnected. Settings Changed Settings have been changed. Setting Groups Changed Setting group has been changed. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C 13.4 Correction procedures 13.4.1 Changing and setting the password The password can only be set with PCM600. For more information, see PCM600 documentation. 13.4.2 Identifying IED application problems Navigate to the appropriate menu in the LHMI to identify possible problems. • • • • • • • 13.4.2.1 Check that the function is on. Check that SettingGroup1 is activated. Check the blocking. Check the mode. Check the measurement values. Verify any modifications to the default pre-configuration. Check the channel settings. Inspecting the wiring The physical inspection of wiring connections often reveals the wrong connection for phase currents or voltages. However, even though the phase current or voltage connections to IED terminals might be correct, wrong polarity of one or more measurement transformers can cause problems. • • • Check the current or voltage measurements and their phase information from Main menu/Measurements/Analog primary values or Analog secondary values. Check that the phase information and phase shift between phases is correct. Correct the wiring if needed. • Change the parameter Negation in Configuration/Analog modules/ 3PhaseAnalogGroup/SMAI_20_n:1 (n= the number of the SMAI used). Changing the Negation parameter is not recommended without detailed knowledge of its effects, unless expressly instructed by ABB. • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual In PCM600, change the parameter CTStarPointn (n= the number on the current input) under the parameter settings for each current input. Check the actual state of the connected binary inputs. 245 Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C • • • In LHMI, select Main menu/Tests/I/O modules. Then navigate to the board with the actual binary input to be checked. With PCM600, right-click the product and select Signal Monitoring. Then navigate to the actual I/O board and to the binary input in question. The activated input signal is indicated with a yellow-lit diode. Measure output contacts using the voltage drop method (see Figure 180) applying at least the minimum contact load given for the output relays in the technical data, for example 100 mA at 24 V AC/DC. Output relays, especially power output relays, are designed for breaking high currents. Due to this, layers of high resistance may appear on the surface of the contacts. Do not determine proper functionality of connectivity or contact resistance by measuring with a regular hand-held ohm meter. • Measure output circuits of precision binary outputs using the voltage drop method (see Figure 180). The load should be dimensioned to draw continuous current of 100 mA DC or less. Precision binary outputs are polarity-sensitive. Observe correct polarity of the test circuit. AC supply cannot be used for testing the precision binary inputs or outputs. 246 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C V A 2 3 1 4 D0E2299T201305141612 V1 EN Figure 180: Testing output contacts using the voltage drop method 1 Contact current 2 Contact voltage drop 3 Load 4 Supply voltage • To check the status of the output circuits via the LHMI, select Main menu/ Tests/I/O modules and then navigate to the board with the actual binary output to be checked. Forcing is possible on all the output contacts available on PSM02/03, BIO01 and PIO01 hardware modules. • Test and change the output state manually. 1. 2. 3. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual To set the IED to test mode, select Main menu/Tests/IED test mode/ TESTMODE:1 and set the parameter TestMode to On. The Start LED flashes continuously to indicate active IED test mode. To operate or force the output to operate, select Main menu/Test/Forcing/ Binary output values and navigate to a specific module in the list. Select BOn_PO or PBOn to be operated/forced and use and or to operate the actual output. Each binary output is represented by two signals. The first signal in LHMI is the actual value 1 or 0 of the output, and in PCM600 a lit or dimmed diode. The second signal is the status Normal or Forced. Forced status is only achieved when the BO is set to Forced or operated on the LHMI. 247 Section 13 Troubleshooting 1MRK 511 346 C Set the parameter TestMode to Off after completing these tests. The Start LED stops flashing when the IED is no longer in test mode. For relay contact outputs (on BIO and PSM cards), an initially high contact resistance does not cause problems as it is reduced quickly by the electrical cleaning effect of fritting and thermal destruction of layers, bringing the contact resistance back to the milliohms range. As a result, practically the full voltage is available at the load. 248 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 14 System security 1MRK 511 346 C Section 14 System security 14.1 Physical interfaces To reduce exposure for cyber-attacks and thus comply with cyber security requirements, it must be possible to prevent services in the IED from operating on other physical interfaces than the ones specified by the vendor or by the owner. 14.2 IP ports The IP port security guideline cannot suggest concrete products for a secure system setup. This must be decided within the specific project, requirements and existing infrastructure. The required external equipment can be separate devices or devices that combine firewall, router and secure VPN functionality. To aid in setting up an IP firewall the following table summarizes the IP ports used in Switchsync PWC600. The ports are listed in ascending order. The column “Default state” defines whether a port is open or closed by default. All ports that are closed can be opened as described in the comment column in the table. Front and Rear refer to the physical front and rear port. The protocol availability on these ports is configurable. ABB recommends using common security measures, like firewalls, up-to-date antivirus software, etc. to protect the IED and the equipment around it. Table 50: Port Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Available IP ports Protocol Default state Front Rear Service Comment 21 TCP Open OFF OFF FTP (clear text password) File transfer protocol 67 UDP Open ON N/A DHCP Front port only, RJ45 80 TCP Open ON ON HTTP (clear text password) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (Web interface) 102 TCP Open OFF ON IEC 61850 MMS communication 123 UDP Closed OFF OFF SNTP Enabled when IED is configured as SNTP master. 990 UDP Open ON OFF FTPS FTP with implicit SSL 2102 TCP Open ON ON ODBC/SSL IED configuration protocol 7001 TCP Closed OFF OFF FST SPA protocol on TCP/IP used by FST (Field Service Tool) 249 Section 14 System security 1MRK 511 346 C The IEC 61850 communication protocol is enabled by configuration. This means that the IP port is closed and unavailable if the configuration of Switchsync PWC600 does not contain IEC 61850 communication functions. If a protocol is configured, the corresponding IP port is open all the time. There are some restrictions and dependencies: • • • The IP port used for DHCP (default UDP port 67) between the IED and a computer is fixed and cannot be changed. The IP port used for IEC 61850 (default TCP port 102) is fixed and cannot be changed. The IP port used for FTP (default TCP port 21) can be changed in the IED if needed by a 3rd party FTP client. If the FTP port is changed PCM600 cannot be used since it is not possible to configure it to use other IP-ports than port 21 for FTP. • • • Two ports are used by PCM600. For configuration and parameter settings, the IP port for a proprietary ODBC protocol is used (TCP port 2102) and the port is fixed and cannot be changed. For Field service tool, the IP port for a proprietary SPA protocol is used (TCP port 7001) and the port is fixed and cannot be changed. IP routing is not possible via any of the physical interfaces. Some IP ports are not possible to use in all physical interfaces. GUID-95B25FB4-AADC-47BB-9B50-39A28B2A4ADC V1 EN Figure 181: Ethernet port used for PCM600 only, front view GUID-43B62386-2645-4F29-B056-7AC9F9FFDB1E V1 EN Figure 182: 250 Ethernet ports LAN1A, LAN1B, rear view COM03 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 14 System security 1MRK 511 346 C 14.3 FTP access with SSL FTPACCS The FTP Client defaults to the best possible security mode when trying to negotiate with SSL. The automatic negotiation mode acts on port number and server features. It tries to immediately activate implicit SSL if the specified port is 990. If the specified port is any other, it tries to negotiate with explicit SSL via AUTH SSL/TLS. Using FTP without SSL encryption gives the FTP client reduced capabilities. This mode is only for accessing disturbance recorder data from the IED. If normal FTP is required to read out disturbance recordings, create a specific account for this purpose with rights only to do File transfer. The password of this user will be exposed in clear text on the wire. 14.4 Encryption algorithms SSL/TLS connections are encrypted with AES 256 if possible or AES 128 as a minimum. At startup a negotiation decides between these two options. No passwords are stored in clear text within the IED. An encrypted representation of the passwords with SHA 256 is stored in the IED. These are not accessible from outside via any ports. 14.5 Denial of service The denial of service function is designed to limit the CPU load that can be produced by the Ethernet network traffic on the IED. The communication facilities must not be allowed to compromise the primary functionality of the device. All inbound network traffic is quota controlled, so that a too heavy network load can be controlled. Heavy network load might for instance be the result of malfunctioning equipment connected to the network. The denial of service functions DOSFRNT, DOSLAN1 measure the IED load from communication and, if necessary, limits it from jeopardizing the IED's point-on-wave control functionality due to a high CPU load. The function has the following outputs: • • • LINKUP indicates the Ethernet link status WARNING indicates that the data rate is higher than 3000 frames/s ALARM indicates that the IED limits the IP-communication For more information see related documents. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 251 Section 14 System security 14.6 1MRK 511 346 C Certificate handling A self-signed certificate is issued by the IED it certifies. Certificates use encryption to provide secure communication over the network. Certificate encryption strength depends on the certificate authority (CA). The certificate is always trusted during communication between the IED and PCM600. If Windows is configured to use UAC High the certificate has to be manually trusted in a dialog box. 14.7 IEEE1686 compliance Table 51: Clause IEEE1686 compliance Title Status Comment 5 IED cyber security features Acknowledge 5.1 Electronic access control Comply 5.1.1 Password defeat mechanisms Comply 5.1.2 Number of individual ID/passwords supported Comply 20 unique ID/password combinations are supported 5.1.3 Password construction Comply The minimum enforced password length is configurable. If password policy is enforced, minimum is 6. Use of mix of lower and UPPERCASE characters is enforced, configurable in password policies Use of numerical values is enforced, configurable in password policies. Use of nonalphanumeric character (e.g. @, #, %, &, *) is enforced, configurable in password policies 5.1.4 Authorization levels by password Comply 5.1.4.1 View data Comply View data feature is accessible through individual user accounts 5.1.4.2 View configuration settings Comply View configuration settings feature is accessible through individual user accounts 5.1.4.3 Force values Comply Force value feature is accessible through individual user accounts Access is protected for local access through control panel. Access is protected for local access through a communication /diagnostic port. Access is protected for remote access through a communication media Table continues on next page 252 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 14 System security 1MRK 511 346 C Clause Title Status Comment 5.1.4.4 Configuration change Comply Configuration feature is accessible through individual user accounts 5.1.4.5 Firmware change Comply Firmware change feature is accessible through individual user accounts 5.1.4.6 ID/password management Comply User account (ID / password) management feature is accessible through individual user accounts. 5.1.4.7 Audit log Comply Audit log view / download feature is accessible through individual user accounts 5.1.5 Password display Comply 5.1.6 Access time-out Comply A time-out feature exists. The time period is configurable by the user. 5.2 Audit trail Comply The Audit log can be viewed through PCM 600 5.2.1 Storage capability Comply 5.2.2 Storage record Comply 5.2.2.1 Event record number Comply 5.2.2.2 Time and date Comply 5.2.2.3 User ID Comply 5.2.2.4 Event type Comply 5.2.3 Audit trail event types Comply 5.2.3.1 Login Comply 5.2.3.2 Manual logout Comply 5.2.3.3 Timed logout Comply 5.2.3.4 Value forcing Comply 5.2.3.5 Configuration access Comply 5.2.3.6 Configuration change Comply 5.2.3.7 Firmware change Comply 5.2.3.8 ID/password creation or modification Comply 5.2.3.9 ID/password deletion Comply 5.2.3.10 Audit-log access Comply 5.2.3.11 Time/date change Comply 5.2.3.12 Alarm incident Comply 5.3 Supervisory monitoring and control Comply 5.3.1 Events Exception Automated time changes and read of configuration are not reported; otherwise compliance 5.3.2 Alarms Exception No Client certificates are in use 5.3.2.1 Unsuccessful login attempt Comply 5.3.2.2 Reboot Comply Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 253 Section 14 System security 1MRK 511 346 C Clause 254 Title Status Comment 5.3.2.3 Attempted use of unauthorized configuration software Exception 5.3.2.4 Alarm point change detect Comply 5.3.4 Event and alarm grouping Exception Not supported 5.3.5 Supervisory permissive control Exception Not supported 5.4 Configuration software Acknowledge 5.4.1 Authentication Exception 5.4.2 ID/password control Comply 5.4.3 ID/passwordcontrolled features Comply 5.4.3.1 View configuration data Comply 5.4.3.2 Change configuration data Comply 5.4.3.3 Full access Comply 5.5 Communications port access Comply 5.6 Firmware quality assurance Exception Not supported Configuration download is handled by authentication Quality control is handled according to ISO9001 and CMMI. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.1 Authorization The user roles with different user rights are predefined in the IED. The IED users can be created, deleted and edited only with PCM600. One user can belong to one or several user roles. At delivery, the IED user has full access as SuperUser until users are created with PCM600. For security reasons, the project administrator should change the usernames and passwords from the default ones, before deploying the product. The passwords should not be easy to guess. Table 52: User name Default users User rights SuperUser Full rights, only present in LHMI and WHMI. SuperUser is logged on by default until other users are defined. Default password for WHMI: SuperUser. Guest Only read rights, only present in LHMI. Guest is logged on by default when other users are defined (same as VIEWER). Administrator Full rights. Default password: Administrator. This user has to be used when reading out waveform records (“disturbances”) with third-party FTP client. Changes in user management settings do not cause an IED reboot. After three consecutive failed login attempts the user will be locked out for ten minutes before a new attempt to log in can be performed. This time is settable 10 minutes to 60 minutes. The PCM600 tool caches the login credentials after successful login for 15 minutes. During that time no more login will be necessary. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 255 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.2 1MRK 511 346 C Predefined user roles There are different roles of users that can access or operate different areas of the IED and tool functionalities. Table 53: Predefined user roles User roles Role explanation User rights VIEWER Viewer Can read parameters and browse the menus from LHMI OPERATOR Operator Can read parameters and browse the menus as well as perform control actions ENGINEER Engineer Can create and load configurations and change settings for the IED and also run commands and manage disturbances INSTALLER Installer Can load configurations and change settings for the IED SECADM Security administrator Can change role assignments and security settings SECAUD Security auditor Can view audit logs RBACMNT RBAC management Can change role assignment Ensure that the user logged on to the IED has the required access when writing particular data to the IED from PCM600. For more information about setting user access rights, see the PCM600 documentation. Symbols used in Table 54: • • • Table 54: X= Full access rights R= Only reading rights - = No access rights Access rights for predefined user roles Access rights VIEWER OPERATOR ENGINEER INSTALLER SECADM SECAUD RBACMNT Config – Basic - - X X - - - Config – Advanced - - X X - - - FileTransfer – Tools - - X X - - - UserAdministration - - - - X - X Setting – Basic R R X X - - - Setting – Advanced R R X X - - - Control – Basic - X X - - - - Control – Advanced - X X - - - - IEDCmd – Basic - X X - - - - IEDCmd – Advanced - - X - - - - FileTransfer – Limited - X X X X X X Table continues on next page 256 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C Access rights VIEWER OPERATOR ENGINEER INSTALLER SECADM SECAUD RBACMNT DB Access normal - X X X X X X Audit log read - - - - - X - Setting – Change Setting Group - X X X - - - Security Advanced - - - - - X - Table 55: Access rights explanation Access rights Explanation Config – Basic Configuration – Basic is intended for engineers that only adapt an existing configuration e.g. the I/ O-Configuration using SMT Config – Advanced Configuration – Advanced is intended for engineers that do the whole application engineering and using e.g. ACT FileTransfer – Tools FileTransfer – Tools is used for some configuration files for the configuration and shall have the same value as Config – Advanced UserAdministration UserAdministration is used to handle user management e.g. adding new user Setting – Basic Setting – Basic is used for basic settings e.g. control settings and limit supervision Setting – Advanced Setting – Advanced is used for the relay engineer to set settings e.g. for the protection functions Control – Basic Control – Basic is used for a normal operator without possibility to bypass safety functions e.g. interlock or synchro-check bypass Control – Advanced Control – Advanced is used for an operator that is trusted to do process commands that can be dangerous IEDCmd – Basic IEDCmd – Basic is used for commands to the IED that are not critical e.g. Clear LEDs, manual triggering of disturbances IEDCmd – Advanced IEDCmd – Advanced is used for commands to the IED that can hide information e.g. Clear disturbance record FileTransfer – Limited FileTransfer - Limited is used for access to disturbance files e.g. through FTP DB Access normal Database access for normal user. This is needed for all users that access data from PCM Audit log read Audit log read allows reading the audit log from the IED Setting – Change Setting Group Setting – Change Setting Group is separated to be able to include the possibility to change the setting group without changing any other setting Security Advanced Security Advanced is the privilege required to do some of the more advanced security-related settings IED users can be created, deleted and edited only with the IED Users tool within PCM600. Logging on or off can only be done on the local HMI on the IED, there are no users, roles or rights that can be defined on local HMI. At delivery, the IED has a default user defined with full access rights. PCM600 uses this default user to access the IED. This user is automatically removed in IED when users are defined via the IED Users tool in PCM600. Default User ID: Administrator Password: Administrator Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 257 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C Only characters A - Z, a - z and 0 - 9 shall be used in user names. User names are not case sensitive. For passwords see the Password policies in PCM600. First user created must be appointed the role SECADM to be able to write users, created in PCM600, to the IED. In order to allow the IED to communicate with PCM600 when users are defined via the IED Users tool, the access rights “UserAdministration” and “FileTransfer - Limited” must be applied to at least one user. 15.3 Password policies Only ASCII characters are allowed when typing username or password. Currently, characters in the range 32-126 and 192-383 (ASCII ranges, decimal) are supported. Password policies are set in the IED Users tool in PCM600. There are several options for forcing the password safer. • • • • • Minimum length of password (1 - 12) Require lowercase letters ( a - z ) Require uppercase letters ( A - Z ) Require numeric letters ( 0 - 9 ) Require special characters ( !@#+”*%&/=? ) To achieve IEEE 1686 conformity, a password with a minimum length of eight characters must be used, and the check box Enforce Password Policies shall be ticked. Settings for password lifetime are not supported in this release. 258 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C IEC13000027-1-en.vsd D0E1154T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 183: 15.4 Change Password Policies dialog box in IED Users tool in PCM600 IED User management The IED Users tool in PCM600 is used for editing user profiles and role assignments in each IED. In the IED Users tool, the data can be retrieved from an IED or data can be written to an IED if permitted. The data from an IED can be saved to the project database. Always use Read User Management Settings from IED before making any changes when managing user profiles. If this is not done password changes made by users may be lost! Nothing is changed in the IED until a “Write to IED" operation is performed. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 259 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.4.1 Starting IED user management • • • • 15.4.2 1MRK 511 346 C Connect the PC to the IED. Start PCM600. Select an IED in the object tree. Select Tools/IED Users or right-click an IED in the object tree and select IED Users. The IED Users dialog box appears. General settings In the General tab, by clicking Restore factory settings the default users can be restored in the IED Users tool. For Switchsync PWC600 this means reverting back to the factory delivered users. Performing this operation does not remove the users in the IED. Nothing is changed in the IED until a “Write to IED” operation is performed. This is not the same action as Revert to IED defaults in the recovery menu. The previous administrator user ID and password have to be given so that writing to the IED can be done. Editing can be continued by clicking Restore factory settings when not connected to the IED. D0E1070T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 184: 260 General tab Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C 15.4.3 User profile management In the User Management tab, the user profiles of the selected IED can be edited. New users can be created, existing users can be deleted and different user group members can be edited. A user profile must always be assigned at least one user role. D0E1109T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 185: 15.4.3.1 Adding new users 1. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Create new user Click in the Users tab to open the wizard. 261 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C IEC12000200-1-en.vsd D0E1112T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 186: 2. 262 Create new user Follow the instructions in the wizard to define a user name, password and user role. Assign at least one user role to the new user. The user profile can be seen in the User details field. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C IEC12000201-1-en.vsd D0E1115T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 187: 3. Select user groups To change the name or description of the user, select the user from the user list and type a new name or description in the Description/full name field. D0E1118T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 188: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Changing user details 263 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.4.3.2 1MRK 511 346 C Adding users to new user roles 1. 2. 3. Select the user from the Users list. Select the new role from the Select a role list. . Click Information about the roles to which the user belongs to can be seen in the User details area. D0E1121T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 189: 15.4.3.3 Deleting existing users 1. 264 Adding user Select the user from the Users list. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C D0E1058T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 190: 2. Click Select user to be deleted . D0E1061T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 191: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Delete existing user 265 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.4.3.4 1MRK 511 346 C Changing password 1. Select the user from the Users list. D0E1124T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 192: 2. 3. Select user . Click Type the old password once and the new password twice in the required fields. The passwords can be saved in the project database or sent directly to the IED. No passwords are stored in clear text within the IED. A hash representation of the passwords is stored in the IED and it is not accessible from outside via any ports. 266 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C IEC12000207-1-en.vsd D0E1127T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 193: 15.4.4 Change password User role management In the Roles tab, the user roles can be modified. The user's memberships to specific roles can be modified with a list of available user roles and users. D0E1064T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 194: Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Editing users 267 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 15.4.4.1 Adding new users to user roles 1. 2. 3. 15.4.4.2 1MRK 511 346 C Select the required role from the Roles list. The role profile can be seen under the Role details field. Select the new user from the Select a user list. . Click The new user is shown in the Users assigned list. Deleting existing users from user roles 1. 2. Right-click the user in the Users assigned list. Select Remove this Role from Selected Member. D0E1130T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 195: 15.4.4.3 Remove Role from User Reusing user accounts IED user account data can be exported from one IED and imported to another. The data are stored in an encrypted file. To export IED user account data from an IED 1. 2. Click the Import Export tab in the IED User tool in PCM600. Click Export IED account data. The user account data is exported to a file with user defined filename and location. 268 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C Import IED user rights to an IED 1. 2. Click Import IED account data. Open the previously exported file. Only users who have the right to change the user account data in PCM600 are allowed to export and import. D0E1148T201305151606 V1 EN Figure 196: 15.4.5 Importing and exporting user account data Writing user management settings to the IED • Click on the toolbar or select IED/Write User Management Settings to IED on the main menu. The data are saved when writing to the IED starts. 15.4.6 Reading user management settings from the IED • 15.4.7 Saving user management settings • • Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Click on the toolbar or select IED/Read User Management Settings from IED on the main menu. From the File menu, select Save. Click the Save toolbar button. 269 Section 15 User roles and user accounts 1MRK 511 346 C The save function is enabled only if the data has changed. 270 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 16 Requirements for external equipment 1MRK 511 346 C Section 16 Requirements for external equipment 16.1 Circuit breaker To achieve good controlled switching results, the controlled circuit breaker must exhibit stable and predictable switching behavior. The recommended circuit breaker properties are summarized in Table 56. Table 56: Requirements for circuit breaker in controlled switching Property Closing Opening Mechanical scatter (all conditions nominal) not above ±1 ms ±1 ms RDDS not below 1 pu1) (n/a) Compensation curves Well defined Well defined 1) RDDS = 1 pu means that the RDDS is equal to the steepness of the nominal system voltage sine wave at zero crossing. For example, for a 100 kV (phase-phase RMS voltage) 50 Hz system, this value is 25.7 kV/ms. The definitions of these properties, together with further requirements for circuit breakers applied to controlled switching, are given in IEC-TR 62271-302. If auxiliary contacts of the circuit breaker are used for adaptive correction or operation monitoring in the IED, their accuracy in replicating main contact timing should be in the range of ±0.3 ms. The time difference between switching of main and auxiliary contacts should be adjusted so that the auxiliary contacts change over on the linear part of the main contact’s travel curve. 16.2 Current transformers The current transformer ratio is selected based on the power system data, for example, maximum load. Optimal accuracy of controlled switching operations can be achieved when the phase displacement does not exceed ±1 electrical degree at nominal current. For controlled switching of capacitor banks or shunt reactors, measuring cores should be used to properly render the nominal load current. CTs of accuracy class 5P (IEC)/ 1.2 (ANSI) or better are recommended. For controlled switching of transformers or transmission lines or cables, protection cores should be used to prevent saturation. CTs of accuracy class 3P (IEC)/C (ANSI) or better are recommended. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 271 Section 16 Requirements for external equipment 1MRK 511 346 C For loads of type power transformer, transmission line, or power cable, the application setting for nominal load current needs to be set to the expected charging current under no-load conditions. 16.3 Voltage transformers Magnetic or capacitive voltage transformers can be used. For optimal accuracy of controlled switching operations, the phase displacement should not exceed ±1 electrical degree at nominal voltage. VTs with a measuring core of class 1 or better are recommended. Capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) should fulfil the requirements according to IEC 61869-5 standard regarding ferro-resonance and transients. Switchsync PWC600 has effective filters for these transients, which gives secure and correct operation with CVTs. 16.4 Non-conventional instrument transformers and merging units Accuracy requirements for non-conventional instrument transformers (NCITs) are essentially the same as for conventional CTs and VTs, considering the entire signal chain. Merging units with a digital interface must comply with IEC 61850-9-2 LE, which is a globally agreed implementation proposal for the IEC 61850-9-2 standard. 16.5 SNTP server The SNTP server to be used is connected to the local network, that is not more than 4-5 switches or routers away from the IED. The SNTP server is dedicated for its task, or at least equipped with a real-time operating system, that is, not a PC with SNTP server software. The SNTP server should be stable, that is, either synchronized from a stable source like GPS, or local without synchronization. Using a local SNTP server without synchronization as primary or secondary server in a redundant configuration is not recommended. 272 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Section 17 Technical data 17.1 Dimensions Table 57: Dimensions of the IED - 3U full 19" rack Description 17.2 Value Width 442 mm (17.40 inches) Height 132 mm (5.20 inches), 3U Depth 249.5 mm (9.82 inches) Weight box 10 kg (<22.04 lbs) Power supply Table 58: Power supply Description Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 600PSM02 600PSM03 Uauxnominal 48, 60, 110, 125 V DC 110, 125, 220, 250 V DC Uauxvariation 80...120% of Un (38.4...150 V DC) 80...120% of Un (88...300 V DC) Maximum load on auxiliary voltage supply 35 W for DC Ripple in the DC auxiliary voltage Max 15% of the DC value (at frequency of 100 and 120 Hz) Maximum interruption time in the auxiliary DC voltage without resetting the IED 50 ms at Uaux Resolution of the voltage measurement in PSM module 1 bit represents 1 V (+/- 1 VDC) 1 bit represents 2 V (+/- 1 VDC) 273 Section 17 Technical data 17.3 1MRK 511 346 C Measuring inputs Table 59: Measuring inputs Description Value Rated frequency 50/60 Hz Operating range Rated frequency ±5 Hz Current inputs Rated current, In 1/5 A1) Thermal withstand capability: • Continuously 20 A • For 1 s 500 A2) • For 10 s 100 A Dynamic current withstand: • Voltage inputs Half-wave value 1250 A Input impedance <20 mΩ Rated voltage, Un 100 V AC/ 110 V AC/ 115 V AC/ 120 V AC Voltage withstand: • Continuous 420 V rms • For 10 s 450 V rms Burden at rated voltage <0.05 VA 1) Phase currents or residual current 2) Max. 350 A for 1 s when COMBITEST test switch is included 17.4 Binary inputs Table 60: Binary inputs Description 274 Value Operating range Maximum input voltage 300 V DC Rated voltage 24...250 V DC Current drain 1.6...1.8 mA Power consumption/input <0.38 W Threshold voltage 15...221 V DC (parametrizable in the range in steps of 1% of the rated voltage) Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Table 61: Precision binary inputs Description 17.5 Value Operating range Maximum input voltage 300 V DC Rated voltage 33...288 V DC Current drain 0...0.5 mA Power consumption/input <0.15 W Threshold voltage 15...221 V DC (parametrizable in the range in steps of 1% of the rated voltage) Signal outputs Table 62: Signal outputs and IRF output Description 17.6 Value Rated voltage 250 V AC/DC Continuous contact carry 5A Make and carry for 3.0 s 10 A Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A Breaking capacity when the control-circuit time constant L/R<40 ms, at U <48/110/220 V DC ≤0.5 A/≤0.1 A/≤0.04 A Power outputs Table 63: Power output relays without TCS function (not used in default pre-configuration) Description Value Rated voltage 250 V AC/DC Continuous contact carry 8A Make and carry for 3.0 s 15 A Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A Breaking capacity when the control-circuit time constant L/R<40 ms, at U <48/110/220 V DC ≤1 A/≤0.3 A/≤0.1 A Table 64: Power output relays with TCS function (not used in default pre-configuration) Description Value Rated voltage 250 V DC Continuous contact carry 8A Make and carry for 3.0 s 15 A Make and carry for 0.5 s 30 A Breaking capacity when the control-circuit time constant L/R<40 ms, at U <48/110/220 V DC ≤1 A/≤0.3 A/≤0.1 A Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 275 Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Description Value Control voltage range 20...250 V DC Current drain through the supervision circuit ~1.0 mA Minimum voltage over the TCS contact 20 V DC Table 65: Precision binary outputs Description 17.7 Value Rated switching voltage 33...288 V DC Continuous carry (resistive) 0.5 A DC DC make and carry ton <1 s (single shot, toff >600 s) L/R <10 ms Usw ≤50 V 10 A DC DC make and carry ton <1 s (single shot, toff >600 s) L/R <10 ms Usw >150 V 6 A DC Impedance in On state ≤0.5 Ω Impedance in Off state ≥100 kΩ Data communication interfaces Table 66: Ethernet interfaces Ethernet interface Protocol Cable Data transfer rate 100BASE-TX (front port) TCP/IP CAT 5 S/FTP or better 100 MBit/s 100BASE-FX (rear Ethernet ports) TCP/IP Fibre-optic cable with LC connector 100 MBit/s Table 67: Wave length 1300 nm Fibre-optic communication links Fibre type MM 62.5/125 μm glass fibre core Connector LC Permitted path attenuation1) Distance <8 dB <2 km 1) Maximum allowed attenuation caused by connectors and cable together Table 68: Protocol Supported station communication interfaces and protocols Ethernet 100BASE-FX LC IEC 61850-8-1 ● HTTP ● ● = Supported 276 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Table 69: X8/IRIG-B and EIA-485 interface Type Protocol Cable Tension clamp connection IRIG-B Shielded twisted pair cable Recommended: CAT 5, Belden RS-485 (98419844) or Alpha Wire (Alpha 6222-6230) Tension clamp connection DNP3.0 (not used in Switchsync PWC600) Shielded twisted pair cable Recommended: DESCAFLEX RDH(ST)H-2x2x0.22mm2, Belden 9729, Belden 9829 Table 70: IRIG-B Type Value Accuracy Input impedance 430 Ohm - Minimum input voltage HIGH 4.3 V - Maximum input voltage LOW 0.8 V - Table 71: EIA-485 interface Type Value Conditions Minimum differential driver output voltage 1.5 V – Maximum output current 60 mA - Minimum differential receiver input voltage 0.2 V - Supported bit rates 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200 - Maximum number of IEDs supported on the same bus 32 - Max. cable length 925 m (3000 ft) Cable: AWG24 or better, stub lines shall be avoided Table 72: Wave length Optical serial port (X9) and PPS synchronization input (X10) Fibre type Connector Permitted path attenuation1) 820 nm MM 62,5/125 µm glass fibre core ST 6.8 dB (approx. 1700 m length with 4 db/ km fibre attenuation) 820 nm MM 50/125 µm glass fibre core ST 2.4 dB (approx. 600 m length with 4 db/ km fibre attenuation) 1) Maximum allowed attenuation caused by fibre Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 277 Section 17 Technical data 17.8 1MRK 511 346 C Enclosure class Table 73: Degree of protection of rack-mounted IED Description Value Front side IP 40 Rear side, connection terminals IP 20 Table 74: Degree of protection of the LHMI Description Value Front and side 17.9 Ingress protection Table 75: 17.10 IP40 Ingress protection Description Value IED front IP 54 IED rear IP 21 IED sides IP 42 IED top IP 42 IED bottom IP 21 Environmental conditions and tests Table 76: Environmental conditions Description 278 Value Operating temperature range -25...+55ºC (continuous) Short-time service temperature range -40...+70ºC (<16h) Note: Degradation in MTBF and HMI performance outside the temperature range of -25...+55ºC Relative humidity <93%, non-condensing Altitude up to 2000 m Transport and storage temperature range -40...+85ºC Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Table 77: Environmental tests Description Type test value Cold tests Dry heat tests Damp heat tests 17.11 Reference operation 96 h at -25ºC 16 h at -40ºC IEC 60068-2-1 ANSI C37.90-2005 (chapter 4) storage 96 h at -40ºC operation 16 h at +70ºC storage 96 h at +85ºC steady state 240 h at +40ºC humidity 93% IEC 60068-2-78 cyclic 6 cycles at +25 to +55ºC humidity 93...95% IEC 60068-2-30 IEC 60068-2-2 ANSI C37.90-2005 (chapter 4) Electromagnetic compatibility tests Table 78: Electromagnetic compatibility tests Description Type test value 100 kHz and 1 MHz burst disturbance test Reference IEC 61000-4-18, level 3 IEC 60255-22-1 ANSI C37.90.1-2012 • Common mode 2.5 kV • Differential mode 2.5 kV Electrostatic discharge test IEC 61000-4-2, level 4 IEC 60255-22-2 ANSI C37.90.3-2001 • Contact discharge 8 kV • Air discharge 15 kV Radio frequency interference tests • Conducted, common mode 10 V (emf), f=150 kHz...80 MHz IEC 61000-4-6 , level 3 IEC 60255-22-6 • Radiated, amplitudemodulated 20 V/m (rms), f=80...1000 MHz and f=1.4...2.7 GHz IEC 61000-4-3, level 3 IEC 60255-22-3 ANSI C37.90.2-2004 Fast transient disturbance tests IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 60255-22-4, class A ANSI C37.90.1-2012 • Communication ports 4 kV • Other ports 4 kV Table continues on next page Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 279 Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Description Type test value Surge immunity test Reference IEC 61000-4-5 IEC 60255-22-5 • Communication ports 1 kV line-to-earth • Other ports 2 kV line-to-earth, 1 kV line-toline • Power supply 4 kV line-to-earth, 2 kV line-toline Power frequency (50 Hz) magnetic field IEC 61000-4-8, level 5 • 3s 1000 A/m • Continuous 100 A/m Pulse magnetic field immunity test 1000 A/m IEC 61000-4-9, level 5 Damped oscillatory magnetic field 100 A/m, 100 kHz and 1 MHz IEC 61000-4-10, level 5 Power frequency immunity test IEC 60255-22-7, class A IEC 61000-4-16 • Common mode 300 V rms • Differential mode 150 V rms Voltage dips and short interruptionsc on DC power supply Dips: 40%/200 ms 70%/500 ms Interruptions: 0...50 ms: No restart 0...∞ s : Correct behaviour at power down IEC 60255-11 IEC 61000-4-11 Voltage dips and interruptions on AC power supply Dips: 40% 10/12 cycles at 50/60 Hz 70% 25/30 cycles at 50/60 Hz Interruptions: 0...50 ms: No restart 0...∞ s: Correct behaviour at power down IEC 60255-11 IEC 61000-4-11 Electromagnetic emission tests • EN 55011, class A IEC 60255-25 ANSI C63.4, FCC Conducted, RF-emission (mains terminal) 0.15...0.50 MHz <79 dB(µV) quasi peak <66 dB(µV) average 0.5...30 MHz <73 dB(µV) quasi peak <60 dB(µV) average Table continues on next page 280 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 17 Technical data 1MRK 511 346 C Description • 17.12 Type test value 30...230 MHz <40 dB(µV/m) quasi peak, measured at 10 m distance 230...1000 MHz <47 dB(µV/m) quasi peak, measured at 10 m distance Insulation tests Table 79: Insulation tests Description Type test value Dielectric tests: • • Test voltage 2 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min 1 kV, 50 Hz, 1 min, communication Test voltage IEC 60255-5 ANSI C37.90-2005 5 kV, unipolar impulses, waveform 1.2/50 μs, source energy 0.5 J 1 kV, unipolar impulses, waveform 1.2/50 μs, source energy 0.5 J, communication Insulation resistance measurements • Isolation resistance IEC 60255-5 ANSI C37.90-2005 >100 MΏ, 500 V DC Protective bonding resistance • Resistance IEC 60255-27 <0.1 Ώ (60 s) Mechanical tests Table 80: Mechanical tests Description Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Reference IEC 60255-5 ANSI C37.90-2005 Impulse voltage test: 17.13 Reference Radiated RF-emission, IEC Reference Requirement Vibration response tests (sinusoidal) IEC 60255-21-1 Class 1 Vibration endurance test IEC 60255-21-1 Class 1 Shock response test IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1 Shock withstand test IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1 Bump test IEC 60255-21-2 Class 1 Seismic test IEC 60255-21-3 Class 2 281 Section 17 Technical data 17.14 1MRK 511 346 C Product safety Table 81: Product safety Description 17.15 2006/95/EC Standard EN 60255-27 (2005) EMC compliance Table 82: Description 282 Reference LV directive EMC compliance Reference EMC directive 2004/108/EC Standards EN 50263 (2000) EN 60255-26 (2007) Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 18 Glossary 1MRK 511 346 C Section 18 Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Glossary AC Alternating current ACT Application configuration tool within PCM600 A/D converter Analog-to-digital converter AI Analog input ANSI American National Standards Institute AR Autoreclosing AWG American Wire Gauge standard BI Binary input BIO Binary input/output module BO Binary output BS British Standards CAN Controller Area Network. ISO standard (ISO 11898) for serial communication CB Circuit breaker CCITT Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephony. A United Nations-sponsored standards body within the International Telecommunications Union. CCVT Capacitive Coupled Voltage Transformer Class C Protection Current Transformer class as per IEEE/ ANSI CMT Communication Management tool in PCM600 CO cycle Close-open cycle COMTRADE Standard format according to IEC 60255-24 CPU Central processing unit CRC Cyclic redundancy check CSV Comma-separated values CT Current transformer CVT Capacitive voltage transformer DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (The US developer of the TCP/IP protocol etc.) DC Direct current DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 283 Section 18 Glossary 1MRK 511 346 C DI Digital input DNP Distributed Network Protocol as per IEEE Std 1815-2012 DR Disturbance recorder DRAM Dynamic random access memory DSP Digital signal processor DVD Digital versatile disc EHV Extra high voltage EIA Electronic Industries Association EMC Electromagnetic compatibility EMI Electromagnetic interference EN European standard ESD Electrostatic discharge GDE Graphical display editor within PCM600 GIS Gas-insulated switchgear GOOSE Generic object-oriented substation event GPS Global positioning system GSAL Generic security application HMI Human-machine interface HSAR High speed autoreclosing HTTP Hypertext transfer protocol HV High-voltage HVDC High-voltage direct current HW Hardware IEC International Electrical Committee IEC 60044-6 IEC Standard, Instrument transformers – Part 6: Requirements for protective current transformers for transient performance IEC 61850 Substation automation communication standard IEC 61850-8-1 Communication protocol standard IEC 61850-9-2(LE) Communication protocol standard for sampled values 284 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.12 A network technology standard that provides 100 Mbits/s on twisted-pair or optical fiber cable IEEE 1686 Standard for Substation Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) Cyber Security Capabilities IED Intelligent electronic device Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 18 Glossary 1MRK 511 346 C Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Instance When several occurrences of the same function are available in the IED, they are referred to as instances of that function. One instance of a function is identical to another of the same kind but has a different number in the IED user interfaces. The word "instance" is sometimes defined as an item of information that is representative of a type. In the same way an instance of a function in the IED is representative of a type of function. IP 1. Internet protocol. The network layer for the TCP/IP protocol suite widely used on Ethernet networks. IP is a connectionless, best-effort packet-switching protocol. It provides packet routing, fragmentation and reassembly through the data link layer. 2. Ingression protection, according to IEC standard IP 20 Ingression protection, according to IEC standard, level 20 IP 40 Ingression protection, according to IEC standard, level 40 IP 54 Ingression protection, according to IEC standard, level 54 IRF Internal failure signal IRIG-B InterRange Instrumentation Group Time code format B, standard 200 ITU International Telecommunications Union LAN Local area network LCD Liquid crystal display LED Light-emitting diode LHMI Local human-machine interface MCB Miniature circuit breaker MICS Model implementation conformance statement, for IEC 61850 MU Merging unit MVB Multifunction vehicle bus. Standardized serial bus originally developed for use in trains. NC Normally closed auxiliary contact NCC National Control Centre NCIT Non-conventional instrument transformer NO Normally open auxiliary contact OCO cycle Open-close-open cycle PC Personal computer PCM Pulse code modulation PCM600 Protection and control IED manager 285 Section 18 Glossary 286 1MRK 511 346 C PICS Protocol implementation conformance statement, for IEC 61850 PIO Precision input/output module PIXIT Protocol implementation extra information for testing, for IEC 61850 PoW Point on wave PPS, 1PPS One pulse per second, time synchronization interface Process bus Bus or LAN used at the process level, that is, in near proximity to the measured and/or controlled components PSM Power supply module PST Parameter setting tool within PCM600 PT ratio Potential transformer or voltage transformer ratio PWC Point-on-wave controller RBAC Role-based access control (role-based security) RISC Reduced instruction set computer RJ-45 Registered jack 45, commonly used as plug connector for electrical Ethernet RMS value Root mean square value RS422 A balanced serial interface for the transmission of digital data in point-to-point connections RS485 Serial link according to EIA standard RS485 RTC Real-time clock RTU Remote terminal unit Rx Receive line SA Substation Automation SBO Select-before-operate SCADA Supervision, control and data acquisition SCL System configuration language in IEC 61850 SCS Station control system SCT System configuration tool according to standard IEC 61850 SMT Signal matrix tool within PCM600 SMS Station monitoring system SNTP Simple network time protocol – is used to synchronize computer clocks on local area networks. This reduces the requirement to have accurate hardware clocks in every embedded system in a network. Each embedded node can Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual Section 18 Glossary 1MRK 511 346 C instead synchronize with a remote clock, providing the required accuracy. Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual SPO Single-pole operated (circuit breaker), i.e. one drive for each pole. SST Switchsync Setting Tool within PCM600 Starpoint Neutral point of transformer or generator SVC Static VAr compensation SW Software TC Trip coil TCS Trip circuit supervision TCP Transmission control protocol. The most common transport layer protocol used on Ethernet and the Internet. TCP/IP Transmission control protocol over Internet Protocol. The de facto standard Ethernet protocols incorporated into 4.2BSD Unix. TCP/IP was developed by DARPA for Internet working and encompasses both network layer and transport layer protocols. While TCP and IP specify two protocols at specific protocol layers, TCP/IP is often used to refer to the entire US Department of Defense protocol suite based upon these, including Telnet, FTP, UDP and RDP. TICS Tissue implementation conformance statement, for IEC 61850 TPO Three-pole operated (circuit breaker), i.e. one drive for three poles TPZ, TPY, TPX, TPS Current transformer class according to IEC TRV Transient recovery voltage Tx Transmit line UAC User Account Control in Microsoft Windows operating systems UHV Ultra high voltage UMT User management tool Unicode Universal standard for text encoding UTC Coordinated Universal Time. A coordinated time scale, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), which forms the basis of a coordinated dissemination of standard frequencies and time signals. UTC is derived from International Atomic Time (TAI) by the addition of a whole number of "leap seconds" to synchronize it with Universal Time 1 (UT1), thus allowing for the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit, the rotational axis tilt (23.5 degrees), but still showing the Earth's irregular rotation, on which UT1 is based. The 287 Section 18 Glossary 1MRK 511 346 C Coordinated Universal Time is expressed using a 24-hour clock, and uses the Gregorian calendar. It is used for aeroplane and ship navigation, where it is also sometimes known by the military name, "Zulu time." "Zulu" in the phonetic alphabet stands for "Z", which stands for longitude zero. 288 VT Voltage transformer WAN Wide area network WHMI Web human-machine interface Switchsync™ PWC600 User manual 289 ABB AB Substation Automation Products SE-721 59 Västerås, Sweden Phone +46 (0) 21 32 50 00 Fax +46 (0) 21 14 69 18 www.abb.com/substationautomation 1MRK 511 346 C © Copyright 2015 ABB. All rights reserved. Contact us
