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Geology Review
The earth zone with the most
volume and mass is the
lithosphere.
core.
crust.
mantle.
oceanic crust.
t.
cr
us
an
tle
.
.
ni
c
ea
oc
us
t
re
.
co
cr
m
ho
s
ph
er
e
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
lit
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The asthenosphere is
...
in
n
gi
o
re
a
so
lid
tic
pl
as
th
e
th
...
io
n
re
g
io
n
re
g
a
tic
pl
as
in
th
e
in
of
e
re
co
er
a
in
n
e
th
...
ar
th
.
re
.
he
os
p
tm
ra
ou
te
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
4.
the outer atmosphere.
the inner core of earth.
a plastic region in the
crust.
a plastic region in the
mantle.
a solid region in the
mantle.
th
1.
2.
3.
The majority of earthquakes and
volcanoes occur
1. in the interior of
continents.
2. on oceanic islands.
3. along the edge of
continents.
4. in the open ocean.
5. In the U.S.
.S
.
th
e
In
oc
en
op
U
ea
n.
o.
..
of
c
th
e
e
th
on
g
in
ed
ge
is
ni
c
ea
on
oc
al
in
th
e
in
te
rio
ro
fc
on
la
n
t..
.
ds
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
A ____ is not one of the three types of
boundaries between lithospheric plates.
lt
fa
u
er
e
u.
..
ho
s
ph
bo
la
te
tp
ve
rg
en
di
lit
b.
..
ul
t
pl
at
e
fa
an
tle
er
ge
nt
m
nv
co
sf
or
m
fa
ul
t
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
tr
an
1. transform fault
2. mantle fault
3. convergent plate
boundary
4. divergent plate
boundary
5. lithosphere fault
Which of the following is false?
Tectoni
1. produce mountains.
2. are composed of
crust and core.
3. move on the
asthenosphere.
4. produce ocean
trenches.
5. produce volcanoes
co
e
ar
pr
od
uc
e
m
ou
nt
m
ai
po
ns
m
se
.
ov
d
e
of
on
cr
th
u.
pr
.
e
od
as
uc
th
e
en
oc
...
ea
n
tr
pr
en
od
c.
uc
..
e
vo
lc
an
oe
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Tectonic plates move apart in
opposite directions at a(an)
1. divergent plate
boundary.
2. transform fault.
3. convergent plate
boundary.
4. subduction zone.
5. mantle fault.
su
bd
ul
t.
fa
an
tle
ne
.
m
uc
t
io
n
zo
..
bo
.
pl
at
e
sf
or
m
er
ge
nt
nv
tr
an
co
di
ve
rg
en
tp
la
te
bo
un
...
fa
ul
t.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Tectonic plates move in opposite but
parallel directions along a fault at a(an)
1. divergent plate
boundary.
2. transform fault.
3. convergent plate
boundary.
4. subduction zone.
5. mantle fault.
su
bd
ul
t.
fa
an
tle
ne
.
m
uc
t
io
n
zo
..
bo
.
pl
at
e
sf
or
m
er
ge
nt
nv
tr
an
co
di
ve
rg
en
tp
la
te
bo
un
...
fa
ul
t.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
The energy sources primarily responsible for
earth's external geological processes are
on
.
vi
ty
ly
ne
m
ag
d
an
ity
gr
a
tis
m
.
.
a.
su
n
...
th
e
su
n
gr
av
en
er
gy
fr
om
th
e
su
n.
..
fr
om
th
e
er
gy
fr
om
4.
5.
en
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
er
gy
2.
energy from the sun and
magnetism.
energy from the sun and
gravity.
energy from the sun and
heat from earth's
interior.
gravity and magnetism.
only gravity.
en
1.
An earthquake is most directly
caused by
in
in
g
m
..
g
m
et
s
cr
as
hi
n
ic
to
x
of
co
m
pi
ng
du
in
to
.
...
w
as
cu
an
in
ge
ch
an
a
cr
ea
tio
n
of
oc
e
a
fa
ul
t.
...
..
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
2.
3.
4.
5.
the creation of a fault
(fracture in rock) or shifting
along an existing fault.
a change in ocean currents.
dumping of toxic wastes.
comets crashing into earth.
mining.
th
1.
Which of the following is not a
characteristic of a mineral?
crystal structure
organic
naturally occurring
solid
inorganic
ic
lid
or
ga
n
in
cu
oc
ly
so
rr
in
g
ni
c
or
ga
tu
ra
l
na
ys
t
al
st
ru
ct
u
re
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
cr
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
All of the following are broad
classes of rock except
sedimentary.
igneous.
metamorphic.
crystal.
plasticized.
d.
iz
e
as
tic
pl
cr
ys
t
al
.
ic
.
.
et
am
or
ph
us
m
ne
o
ig
di
m
en
ta
ry
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
se
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Lava is an example of ____
rock.
metamorphic
igneous
sedimentary
plasticized
crystal
al
cr
ys
t
d
iz
e
as
tic
pl
en
ta
ry
se
di
m
us
ne
o
ig
et
am
or
ph
ic
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The change of rocks from one
type to another is known as
metamorphism.
the rock cycle.
petrography.
consolidation.
hydrogeology.
.
og
y
eo
l
ol
id
ns
dr
og
at
io
n.
hy
.
hy
co
tr
og
ra
p
pe
cy
k
ro
c
e
th
et
am
or
ph
is
m
.
cl
e.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Igneous rocks
fro
m
gn
nd
de
riv
ed
ta
ca
n
be
sc
cl
ud
e
...
...
...
on
hi
s
fo
rm
ed
an
...
in
ar
e
al
w
ay
s
to
ne
ou
...
lim
es
nt
s
cl
ud
e
po
rt
a
in
im
an
4.
5.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
e
2.
3.
are an important source of
many non-fuel mineral
resources.
include limestone and shale.
are always formed on the
surface.
include schist and gneiss.
can be derived from plant
remains.
ar
1.
The type of rock that covers
most of earth's land surface is
metamorphic.
igneous.
sedimentary.
gemstones.
plasticized.
d.
iz
e
as
tic
pl
m
st
on
e
s.
.
di
m
se
ge
en
ta
ry
.
us
ne
o
ig
et
am
or
ph
ic
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
m
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Heat and pressure convert
ro
et
ck
am
in
or
t..
ph
.
ic
se
ro
di
ck
m
en
in
ta
t..
r
.
y
m
ro
et
ck
am
in
or
t..
ph
.
ic
in
to
s.
..
s.
..
in
to
m
en
ta
ry
k
ro
c
di
m
5.
us
4.
se
3.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
ne
o
2.
igneous rock into
sedimentary rock.
sedimentary rock into
metamorphic rock.
metamorphic rock into
igneous rock.
sedimentary rock into
igneous rock.
metamorphic into
sedimentary rock.
ig
1.
Slate, anthracite, and marble
are ____ rocks.
ry
rti
a
te
ig
ne
o
us
ic
et
am
or
ph
m
co
nd
ar
y
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
se
primary
secondary
metamorphic
igneous
tertiary
pr
im
ar
y
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A subduction zone is associated
with a transform fault.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
The lithosphere is made of
core and lower mantle.
core and upper mantle.
crust and lower mantle.
crust and upper mantle.
core and crust.
an
us
t
cr
.
cr
us
t
.
an
d
re
co
up
pe
d
d
an
us
t
cr
rm
an
tle
tle
.
m
an
an
tle
lo
w
er
rm
pe
up
an
d
re
co
re
an
d
lo
w
er
m
an
tle
.
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
co
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Soil is developed most directly
through
1. moving tectonic
plates.
2. earthquakes.
3. weathering.
4. mass wasting.
5. volcanoes.
m
ov
i
ng
m
s.
oe
lc
an
vo
tin
g.
as
s
th
e
w
as
rin
g
.
s.
ea
w
rt
h
ea
te
c
to
n
ic
pl
qu
a
ke
at
e
s.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Leaching occurs when
bl
co
...
m
po
is
un
sh
ds
at
...
te
w
r
ed
at
er
by
st
f..
ay
.
s
in
th
e
so
il.
so
lu
d.
ro
ck
or
ga
ni
c
es
ol
ve
di
ss
re
m
ov
is
at
er
5.
w
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
m
us
3.
humus is dissolved.
water removes soluble
soil components.
organic compounds
slowly decay.
rock is shattered by frost
action.
water stays in the soil.
hu
1.
2.
Topsoil that is ____ in color is
the most highly fertile.
da
rk
br
ow
n
n
gr
ee
w
llo
ye
or
bl
re
ac
k
d
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
gr
ay
1. gray
2. red
3. dark brown or
black
4. yellow
5. green
Red and yellow colors in a soil
horizon usually indicate a
.
...
oi
l
fs
m
be
ro
nu
rg
e
w
lo
la
or
ga
n
ic
of
ck
la
m
at
te
r
n
iro
e
nt
ag
c.
..
id
e
ox
l..
.
of
s.
..
of
e
pe
rc
e
nt
ag
gh
hi
5.
pe
rc
e
3.
4.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
gh
2.
high percentage of
sand.
high percentage of lime
and gypsum.
lack of iron oxide.
low organic matter
content.
large number of soil
organisms.
hi
1.
sl
an
d
.
t
ic
a
gr
as
lf
or
es
t.
tr
op
ci
du
ou
s
fo
re
s
rt.
se
de
de
co
ni
fe
ro
us
fo
re
s
t.
A soil sample of closely packed pebbles that
is a mixture of minerals and low in humus
probably came from a
1. coniferous forest.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
2. desert.
3. deciduous forest.
4. tropical forest
5. grassland.
Clay has ____ permeability and
____ porosity.
high . . . high
high . . . low
low. . . high
low. . . low
medium . . .
medium
m
ed
iu
m
iu
m
..
.m
ed
w
..
.l
ow
h
lo
lo
w
..
.l
hi
gh
..
.h
..
gh
.h
ig
ow
ig
h
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
hi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Soil textures with moderate physical
and chemical properties include
clay and silt.
sand and loam.
clay and loam.
silt and loam.
sand and clay.
cl
ay
.
m
.
nd
sa
lt
a
an
nd
d
lo
a
m
.
si
ay
cl
sa
nd
an
an
d
d
lo
a
d
an
ay
lo
a
m
.
si
lt.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
cl
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.