Download Symbiosis Powerpoint day 2 File

Symbiosis
A. The relationship in which there is a
close and permanent association
between organisms of different species
is called symbiosis.
1) Symbiosis means living together.
2) Three kinds of symbiosis are recognized:
a) mutualism
b) commensalism
c) parasitism
a) Mutualism
1. A symbiotic
relationship
in which
both species
benefit is
called
mutualism.
Search for and show “Acacia Tree Ants” (2:17)
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/
Explain the relationship between the ants and the acacia tree.
Examples of Mutualism
Pollination of
flowers by insects
Clownfish are unharmed by the
stinging cells of the sea anemone
which provides shelter
Lichens growing
on bark of trees
Birds eat berries, poop, then scatter
the seeds away from the parent plant
Examples of Mutualism
Trychonympha lives in the intestines of
termites and makes an enzyme that
digests cellulose in the wood particles.
Without flagellates in its intestines, the
termite would eventually die of
starvation.
The contrasting UV pattern (called a
nectar guide) helps a bee quickly locate
the flower's center. This adaptation
benefits both the flower (more efficient
pollination) and the bee (rapid collection
of nectar).
Dinoflagellates provide the corals with
carbohydrates via photosynthesis. In
return, they receive a relatively
protected habitat from the body of the
coral.
Examples of Mutualism
b) Commensalism
Commensalism is
a symbiotic
relationship in
which one species
benefits and the
other species is
neither harmed nor
benefited.
Examples of Commensalism
Burrs are carried by animals who help scatter the
seed for the parent plant
Cattle egrets eat the insects that are disturbed
when animals move through the area
The remora, a sucker-fish, lives in close
association with sharks or other larger fish. The
shark provides the remora with protection and
lives on the scraps formed as the shark devours
its prey.
c) Parasitism
• a member of one
species benefits at the
expense of another
species (the host),
which is harmed
• Parasites have evolved
in such a way that they
harm, but usually do not
kill the host species.
Examples of Parasitism
Examples of Parasitism
Heartworms and fleas
feed off of dogs
What is an easy way to remember symbiosis?
a) Mutualism -- both species benefit ( + / + )
b) Commensalism -- one species benefits, the other is
unaffected (+ / Ø )
c) Parasitism -- one species benefits, the other is harmed
(+ / - )
d) Competition -- neither species benefits ( - / - )
e) Neutralism -- both species are unaffected (Ø / Ø )
Species 1 
Species 2 
-
0
+
+
Parasitism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Neutralism
Commensalism
0
-
Competition
Parasitism
Symbiosis Simulation
Which form of symbiosis is shown in the following examples?
Mutualism (+,+), Commensalism (+,Ø) or Parasitism (+,-)
1. A hummingbird feeds on the nectar
of flowering plants, while spreading
the plant’s pollen to other flowers.
(+,+)
2. An cattle bird feeds on insects
stirred up by the feet of the cows
that they live with.
(+,Ø)
3. Mistletoe grows in an elm tree,
absorbing nutrients meant for the
branches.
(+,-)
4. A desert wasp shoots its eggs into
the burrows of bees, where they
hatch into larvae and feed on the
bee’s eggs.
(+,-)
Symbiosis Simulation
5. E.coli
8.
Strangler
bacteria
figs start
live in
when
the a
large
bird or
intestines
fruit
bat drops
of humans.
a seed onto
Theya live
receive
tree.
Itsnutrients
roots grow
from
quickly
food wastes
and producechoking
downward,
vitaminthe
D which
host tree
is
absorbed
and
takingby
itsthe
nutrients,
host. while its
crown grows upwards, stealing
sunlight.
(+,+)
(+,-)
6. Tapeworm eggs are passed by
flea bites to the blood stream of
dogs. After hatching, they absorb
nutrients from the small intestine.
(+,-)
7. The stinging tentacles of the sea
anemone protect pairs of clown
fish. In return, the clown fish
clean debris from the sea
anemone.
(+,+)
Determine the type of interaction described in each scenario
A
B
A deer tick gets food
from a white tailed
deer without killing it.
C
Candida albicans, a
yeast, causes thrush,
a painful mouth
infection in humans
Man-of-war fishes cluster around
the venomous tentacles of jellyfish
to escape larger predators. The
presence of the man-of-war fishes
does not harm or benefit the
jellyfish.
D
 Boxer crab, Lybia tesselata, carries a pair of
small anemones in it chelipeds (claws).
 When approached by a predator it waves these
around presenting the stinging tentacles so as
to deter the marauder.
 The anemones benefit from the small particles
of food dropped by the crab during feeding.
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are
leafless plants that lack chlorophyll.
Beechdrops get their nourishment from
the roots of beech trees, which reduces
the amount of nutrients available to the
trees themselves. This interaction is
best described as —
A predatory
B parasitic
C commensalistic
D mutualistic
Day
• Symbiosis Activity - “Good Buddies”