Download Plate Tectonics

Lesson links
 Lesson 1 – layers of the earth and plate boundaries
 Lesson 2 – How and why a volcano erupts
 Lesson 3 – The impacts of a volcanic eruption – Mt St
Helen’s (learning Milestone)
 Lesson 4 – How an earthquake occurs
 Lesson 5 – The impacts of an earthquake – Japan 2004 &
Kashmir 2005 (Learning Milestone)
 Lesson 6 – Protecting people against earthquakes and
volcanoes
WALT
 Describe the layers of the Earth
 Understand what plates are and how they move
WILF
 GOOD – Name the layers correctly and give a basic fact about each layer.
Understand how the plates move
 EVEN BETTER – Label the diagram correctly, giving meanings and
detailed descriptions of each layer. Show an understanding of how the
plates move and the types of boundaries that there are
 EXCEPTIONAL – Have a detailed understanding of the layers of the
Earth. Describe and suggest how the plates move linking this to the
tectonic activity found at each type of boundary
What are the layers of the Earth?
North Pole
Crust
Crust
Core
Liquid
outer core
Solid inner
core
Mantle
Over to you...
 Produce a diagram into your book showing the layers of the
Earth.
 Remember that your diagram should be drawn in pencil,
showing the general sizes of the layers AND be labelled
correctly
 Check the information on your diagram to ensure that it is
correct
What are they like?
 There are four main layers of Earth
 The inner core is a solid. It is made of
metal.
 The outer core is a liquid. It is also made
of metal.
 The mantle is a semi liquid, containing
molten rock, and is about 2,900 km
thick.
 The crust is a solid and is the part of the
earth that we live on.
How big are they?
 The crust varies between 6 to
64km thick.
 The mantle is 2,900km thick.
 The outer core is 2000km
thick.
 The inner core 2,740km
thick.
Over to you...
 Using the information just looked at write a description of
each layer, including temperature, what it is made from
(composition) and thickness.
 Peer assessment
 Hand your work to another student and get them to read the
information.
 Underline/Highlight the name of each layer, the
temperature, composition and thickness
 Give them an EBI and a WWW
Plate Boundaries

The Earth's surface is made up of a number of large plates
that are in constant, slow motion.

The ocean floors are continually moving, spreading from the
centre and sinking at the edges.

The edges of these plates – plate boundaries – are where
earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

Convection currents in the mantle move the plates. The
plates ‘float’ on the mantle and move around the Earth’s
surface.
Plate Boundaries
2
5
5
3
5
3
2
5
17
10
3
2
2
5
7
18
1
7
18
4
1
3
2
key
Plates
Earthquake foci
Constructive margin
Collision zone
Destructive zones
Movement of plates
Uncertain plate boundary
A Adriatic
B Aegean
C Turkish
D Juan de Fuca
E Cocos
6
Rate of movement
(cm per year)
Over to you
 Label your diagram to show the names of the plates and
which direction they are going in.
Answer the questions below into your book.
 What is the name of the plate that the UK is found on?
 Why do you think it has this name?
 What do you think will happen where the plates are meeting?
 What do you think will happen where the plates are m9oving
away from each other?
 What do you think the world looked like 2 billion years ago?
 What do you think it will look like in the future?
Continental Drift
 It was not until the 1960s that the theory of continental
drift became accepted by the scientific community.
 Some continents fit together almost perfectly, e.g. South
America and Africa.
 Similar fossils can be found on
different continents. This shows these
regions were once very close or joined
together.
 Almost identical patterns of rock
layers on different continents is evidence that the rocks were
once close together or joined.
Prep
 Use the table to answer the questions
 For Example...
Volcano
Country
Date of eruption
Number of
Deaths
Krakatau
Indonesia
1883
36,417
Unzen
Japan
1792
14,300
 What year did Krakatau erupt?
 How many people died in the two eruptions?
 How many years are there between the two eruptions?
Study the table
below – how much
of it can you
remember?
Key Word
Meaning
Volcano
An opening in the Earth’s crust where
magma, ash and gases escape
Active
A volcano that erupts regularly, or has had
at least one eruption in the last 600 years
Dormant
A volcano that hasn’t erupted recently, but
could erupt again
Extinct
A volcano that will not erupt again
How many did you
get correct?
Key Word
Meaning
Volcano
An opening in the Earth’s crust where
magma, ash and gases escape
Active
A volcano that erupts regularly, or has had
at least one eruption in the last 600 years
Dormant
A volcano that hasn’t erupted recently, but
could erupt again
Extinct
A volcano that will not erupt again
To understand what a volcano is and
how it erupts
To be able to describe how a volcano erupts using basic key terms in the
correct stages
To be able to describe in detail an eruption using terminology linked to all
stages
To describe and explain an eruption using terminology that is linked to
each stage of the process
MAIN VENT
LAVA
CRATER
MAGMA CHAMBER
LAYERS OF ASH AND
ROCK
SECONDARY VENT
Work checker
Go through the
work and decide
where they are –
Good, Even Better
or Exceptional.
GOOD
Has each label got a basic
descriptive sentence?
EVEN BETTER
Is there detail in the description?
EXCEPTIONAL
Is there some reasoning or
explanation for some of the
features?
 http://www.youtube.com
 What does this video tell us
/watch?v=QEv3wzHAAj8
&feature=fvsr
 http://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=HRjLw1x8Q3o
about volcanoes?
 How many stages were
there?
 Describe one of the stages
Today I have
learnt that…..
I have found out
several things on
the topic of….
Firstly I found
out that…..
Furthermore, I
found that…..
Before this
lesson I could
already…..
Now I can
also…..
Say it out loud before
you write it down!
I did not know
how to….
Today I have tried
to…..
The most
important
thing I learned
today is…..
.....but now I
can…
One thing I
need to
remember from
today’s lesson
is that…..
It was
successful
when I…..
A VIRTUAL VISIT
Imagine That You Are Going To Visit A Volcano And
Climb To The Summit To Look Into The Crater.
VOLCANO ERUPTING
What would you need to take with you?
VISIT TO A VOLCANO CRATER
What would you take with you in your rucksack?
A VIRTUAL VISIT
Assess The Usefulness Of Each Item Below.
You can only take seven things in your
rucksack, which seven would you take?
WALT
 LEARNING MILESTONE
 To understand the volcanic eruption of Mt St Helen’s. How and why it
erupted and the resulting consequences on the human and physical
environment
WILF
 GOOD –You will be able to describe how the volcano erupted, giving some
suggestion of how.You will be able to describe the impact that the volcano had in
the short and long term
 EVEN BETTER –You will also be able to suggest how the volcano erupted and
how it is different to other volcanoes.You will be able suggest reasons for the
impacts that occurred
 EXCEPTIONAL –You will also be able to link the human and physical processes
and features, showing the positive and negative impacts before and after the
eruption
Mt St Helens – consequences of the eruption
The effects of the Mount St Helens eruption were enormous.
The pyroclastic surge spread 27km
from the volcano and flattened acres of
woodland.
Ash clouds stretched 26km above sea level.
However, there were some positives.
Some plants and animals were resilient
enough to survive.
The lack of human interference
encouraged nature to spring forth
again.
Back to the future
What does the future hold for Mount St Helens?
Since 1980, there has been more activity on Mount St Helens.
Between 1980 and 1986 a new lava
dome was formed.
Magma reached the surface of the
mountain in October 2004.
In 2005, a 36,000 foot plume of
steam was emitted. There was also a
small earthquake.
It seems likely that Mount St Helens will erupt again
in the future. Will we be able to tell when?
Over to you
 As you watch the video fill the information in.
 At the end there will be time to complete the questions at
the end that are based around linking ideas together and your
own opinions
 Mt st Helen's (30 minutes)