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Download Science 9 Electrical Devices Energy is the ability to do The four most
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Science 9 Electrical Devices Energy is the ability to do • The four most common forms of energy are: 1) Chemical or chemicals, released when the chemicals react. 2) Electrical - energy of charged place to place. energy stored in , transferred when they travel from 3) Mechanical - energy possessed by an object because of its potential to move. or its 4) Thermal - kinetic energy of a substance Energy can be converted to various forms of energy • Batteries convert energy into energy • Generators convert energy into energy • Electric motors convert energy into energy Chemical Energy • • • • Chemical energy is the energy found in , including food. Glucose molecules are used in your body cells to produce energy and energy. Chemical energy can also be converted into mechanical and energy (a CD player). Chemical energy can also be transformed into mechanical energy, with and light (dynamite). Electricity to Heat • Electric energy can be converted to energy • Usually converted by inserting a highly resistant material (ex. Nichrome wire) in the path of the electric current • Examples: , heating blankets, , toaster, kettle) 1 Electricity and Thermal Energy • Heat ( ) can also be converted into electrical energy – A thermocouple is a device that can convert energy into energy. • It consists of two different metals ( ) joined together that conduct heat at slightly different rates. – As one end is and the other is . This causes a current to flow through the wires • Thermocouples can be by changing the types of metals – Usually made of or and a copper/nickel Thermocouples are useful for measuring temperatures in areas that are difficult to access or too hot for a regular liquid-filled thermometer. Example: Electrical and Mechanical Energy • • In 1820, Danish Scientist Hans Christian Oersted discovered that current flowing through a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire In 1831, Michael made a device that used electromagnetic forces to move an object led to the Electricity and Motion – – Electric energy can be converted into • Examples: Motion can also be converted into energy energy 2 – Most electricity comes from the energy into of energy Electricity and Light • Electric energy can be converted into energy – Example: • Has a of highly metal ( ) which glows brightly when current passes through it. Light to Electricity • • Solar energy is converted into (solar) cells When light strikes the cell, produced – Called the energy with the use of are set in motion and a current is 3 Electricity to Motion • • • The produces sound by converting into motion ( ). When a piezoelectric crystal, such as quartz, or Rochelle salt is connected to a potential difference, the crystal expands or contracts slightly. Material touching the crystal experiences , creating sound waves or vibrations. Electric and Magnetic Fields • • When electricity passes through a wire a magnetic field is developed When a changing magnetic field influences a wire a current is induced Electromagnets • A strong electromagnet can be made by (copper) wire around a (iron) . When attached to an electrical source it will produce a strong . • To keep the electromagnet spinning you need to the direction that the current travels through the coil as it aligns with the magnetic field of the permanent magnetic. • useful since they 4 5