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Unit 3Vocabulary
Subcontinent: large landmass that
juts out from a continent.
Indo-European Migration: Around 1500
B.C., groups from North Central Europe
migrated to regions of Europe and Asia in
search of good pastureland.
Mohenjo-Daro &
Harappa: Well
planned ancient
cities of the Indus
River Valley.
Aryans: Indo-European Group who
overtook the Indus Valley from the
Dravidians around 1500 B.C.
Ganges River
Chandragupta Maurya: Leader of
the Maurya Empire which
controlled the Ganges Valley in
India from 321 b.c. to 185 b.c.
Asoka: Emperor of the
Mauryan Empire who
converted to Buddhism,
spread the religion to
neighboring countries,
and practiced religious
tolerance.
“Middle Kingdom”: The ancient Chinese
explanation of where they lived, “in the center of
the world.”
monopoly: The complete control of a product
or business by or person or group. The
Chinese had a monopoly on silk making.
Veneration of Ancestors: The calling
of the spirits of ancestors to bring
good fortune to a family
oracle bones: Old animal bones or
turtle shells on which Shang Priests
wrote questions to the gods and
ancestors.
Shi Huangdi: 1st emperor of the
“Ch’in/Qin dynasty who united the
Chinese city-states into one strong
central government.
Mandate of Heaven: The right to
rule comes from the spirits or gods.
Dynastic Cycle: The succession
process of dynasties in China because
of the Mandate of Heaven.
Han Dynasty: Powerful dynasty (202
B.C. – 220 A.D.) which based its
rule on Confucian teachings,
expanded its borders, and made
major advances in technology.
civil service system: The idea that
government positions should be won
by merit rather than family. A series
of exams are taken in order to
achieve a higher rank.
Silk Road: The trade route across
Asia that linked China with the
Middle East.
Socrates:
• The first great
Athenian
Philosopher. He
profoundly affected
Western philosophy
through his influence
on Plato and
Aristotle.
philosophy
• The study of the
laws of nature
and the
universe.
Persian War
• The Greek city
states united to
defeat the
invading Persian
Army. This made
Athens the most
powerful citystate.
Peloponnesian War
• War between
Athens &
Sparta that
ended Athenian
greatness.
Pericles
• Leader of
Athens who
developed the
direct
democracy and
lead Athens to a
Golden Age
Golden Age
• A time in a culture of
high achievement in
arts, literature, and
science. Generally
occurs in times of
peace and economic
prosperity.
democracy
• A system of
government in
which the citizens
hold the
legislative,
judicial, and
executive power,
based on majority
rule.
Alexander the Great (356-323 bc),
king of Macedonia, conqueror of
Greece, Egypt, the Persian Empire,
and India. One of the greatest
military geniuses of all times.
Hellenistic Age:
The time period in
Greek history
from 336 B.C.
when Alex’s reign
began to 146 B.C.,
when the Romans
conquered
Greece.
Republic
• A political
system in which
a country is ruled
by law, has
representative
government, and
is democratic in
nature.
Pax Romana
• A 200 hundred
year period of
relative peace
throughout the
Roman Empire
that occurred
during the first
two centuries
C.E..
Law of 12 Tables:
• Engraved tablets
which displayed the
Roman laws which are
the basic principles of
our justice system
today. They include:
all are equal under the
eyes of the laws and
innocent until proven
guilty.
Julius Caesar
• Roman general and
statesman. He is
responsible for
setting up the
imperial system in
Rome which placed
his grandnephew,
Augustus, on the
throne.
Augustus
• First emperor of
Rome who restored
order and prosperity
to the Empire after
nearly a century of
turmoil.
Grandnephew to
Julius Caesar.
Colosseum
An amphitheatre in the
centre of Rome which
is the largest ever built
in the Roman Empire.
It is considered one of
the greatest works of
Roman architecture
and Roman
engineering.
Parthenon
• A large temple
dedicated to the
goddess Athena on
the Acropolis in
Athens, Greece. It
was built in the 5th
century BCE,
during the Athenian
golden age.
Aqueducts
• A massive arch
structures used
to carry water
from the
mountains to the
cities.