Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download 6th Grade Honors Final Exam Review 2013
Document related concepts
Transcript
th 6 Grade Honors Review Chapter 2 Igneous Extrusive – rock that is formed from magma beneath Earth’s surface Basalt – most common extrusive rock Intrusive – rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface Granite – most common intrusive rock Sedimentary Clastic rocks – rocks made up of broken pieces of other rocks Fossils – small particles of rock or the remains of living things that make up sedimentary rocks Deposition – process which sediment settles out of water or wind carrying Erosion – the carrying away of rock fragments by water, wind, or ice Metamorphic rock – can form from any rock that goes through heat and pressure Hardest known mineral – diamond Softest know mineral – talc Streak – is observed to identify a mineral when rubbed against an unglazed tile Mineral – always a solid because it has a definite shape and volume Chapter 3 Pangaea – the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago Wegner supported the idea where the continents were joined in this one land mass Geologists relied on evidence from fossils to study Earth’s interior Sonar – technology used by scientists in the mid-1900s to map the mid ocean ridge Subduction – the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep ocean trench and back into the mantle Convection currents – what scientist believe causes the movement of Earth’s plates Transform boundary – two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions Pressure increases from Earth’s surface toward Earth’s center Chapter 4 Earthquakes – caused by seismic waves that travel through Earth P waves (Primary) – seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding like an accordion S waves (Secondary) – seismic waves that vibrate from side to side and up and down through solids only Moment magnitude scale – scale used to tell how much damage an earthquake has done to homes and other buildings Tension – the stress force that pulls on the crust where two plates are moving apart Compression – the squeezing together of rocks by stress Shearing – stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions Hanging wall – the block of rock that lies above a fault Foot wall – the block of rock that lies below a fault Chapter 5 Ring of Fire – major volcanic belt in the Pacific Ocean Island arc – string of islands which can form from the collision of two oceanic plates Quiet Eruption – low silica content in magma Explosive Eruption – high silica content in magma Cinder cone volcano – ash, cinders, and bombs build up in a steep pile Composite volcano – tall, cone shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash Dome mountain – landform which is caused when magma forces the layers of rock to bend upward Active volcano – erupting or may erupt in the future Dormant volcano – volcano that is inactive but may become active in the future Extinct volcano – volcano that is no longer active Caldera – the huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain Batholith – a mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside the crust Sill – forms when magma forces itself between rock layers and harden Chapter 11 Barometer – used to measure air pressure Thermometer – used to measure the average temperature Celsius - 0° freezing point and 100° boiling point Fahrenheit - 32° freezing point and 212° boiling point Uneven heating of the atmosphere leads to differences in air pressure, which causes wind. Conduction – heat transfer between two substances that are in direct contact Convection – heat transfer between liquids Radiation – heat transfer through electromagnetic waves Scientists divide Earth’s atmosphere into four main layers, classified according to changes in temperature Earths surface when heated radiates some energy back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation Troposphere – inner layer of the atmosphere where people live and weather occurs Stratosphere – 2nd layer where the ozone is located – absorbs most ultraviolet radiation Mesosphere – middle layer which protects Earth from most meteors Thermosphere Ionosphere occurs Exosphere – divided into two layers – northern lights or aurora borealis – where satellites orbit the Earth Chapter 13 Cirrus clouds- very high feathery clouds Cumulonimbus clouds – large towering clouds that are flat on top where thunderstorms come from also known as thunderheads Tornadoes come from the same clouds Drought – long period of less rainfall than normal, dry weather and may result in a shortage of water Flash flood – sudden, violent floods that occur shortly after a storm
