Download Rocks Notes - Red Hook Central Schools

Rocks Notes
Most rocks are made from a mixture of different ______________________.
Rocks that are made from only one kind of mineral are called ________________.
An example is __________________, made from the mineral ________________.
Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks form when melted (liquid, or molten) rock cools and ___________.
Liquid rock beneath the Earth’s surface is called ___________________. If this
liquid rock cools underground it is called ______________ or ________________.
Cooling underground where the temperature is high takes a long time (years), so
the mineral crystals will have time to grow __________.
An example is __________________. This rock forms most of the Earth’s
____________ crust.
Liquid rock on the Earth’s surface is called _______________________.
If this liquid rock cools on the surface it is called ______________ or __________.
Cooling on the surface where temperature is low is fast (days), so the mineral
crystals will not have time to ___________and will remain_____________.
An example is __________________. This rock forms most of the Earth’s
____________ crust.
TEXTURE in an igneous rock describes _______________________________.
Coarse texture means _______________________.
Fine texture means ________________________.
Glassy texture means ___________________ and the rock must have solidified
very quickly (seconds-minutes) under ________________ or in the
_______________.
An example of a rock with glassy texture is ____________________ which formed
______________.
_________________ texture means the rock has lots and lots of air pockets in it.
Igneous rocks that have a lot of dark, dense minerals containing magnesium and
iron are called ____________.
An example is _____________________
Igneous rocks that have a lot of light, less dense minerals containing silicon and
oxygen are called ___________.
An example is ____________________.
How can you tell if a rock is an igneous rock by looking at it?
1. Look for randomly interlocking mineral crystals (coarse or fine texture).
2. Look for glassy texture.
3. Look for vesicular texture.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of sediments or organic material.
Sediments are__________________________________________________.
Sediments are usually deposited in _____________________ layers.
Before loose sediment becomes a rock it must be ____________________ and
________________together with _____________________.
Gravel becomes ________________, sand becomes ______________, and silt and
clay become ___________________.
Rocks made of sediment grains are called ___________________.
Sedimentary rocks are the ONLY type of rock to contain ________________.
Sedimentary rocks that form when water evaporates leaving ___________
deposits behind are called ____________________.
Two examples are ___________________ and _________________________.
Sedimentary rocks that form when minerals dissolved in ocean water precipitate
onto the sea floor are called __________________________.
Two examples are ____________________ and ________________________.
Sedimentary rocks made up mostly of organic material are called _____________.
When organic plant material in swamps accumulates, it can form the sedimentary
rock ___________________.
How can you tell if a rock is a sedimentary rock by looking at it?
1. Look or feel for pieces of other rocks (clasts).
A sandstone feels ________. A siltstone feels ________. A shale feels_______
2. Look for horizontal ____________________
3. Look for fossils.
4. If it reacts with acid, what rock must be? (Hint: what mineral reacts with
acid? _______________________
5. Look for other sedimentary features such as _________________
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic means “changed”.
Metamorphic rocks were originally ______________ or _________________
rocks that have been changed by _______________ and _________________.
During metamorphic processes, rocks become more ______________, new
_____________ may appear, and the mineral crystals become aligned, which is
called __________________________.
Low Grade metamorphisim is caused by _____________________________.
This turns a shale into a _________________.
High Grade metamorphism is caused by ______________________________.
This turns a Slate in to a ______________ , and a phyllite into a ____________,
and a schist into a _________________.
Regional metamorphism occurs when ___________________________________
Contact metamorphism occurs when ____________________________________
How can you tell if a rock is a metamorphic rock by looking at it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Look for foliated mineral crystals. Foliated means _________________.
Look for black and white _______________.
Look for folding or deformation.
Look for new mineral crystals growing in the rock (like _____________.)
Rock Cycle
The rock cycle shows that ___________________ can turn into another rock type.
Using the rock cycle diagram in your ESRT, explain the following words in terms of
the rock cycle and state which rock type they are associated with:
Deposition:
Burial:
Compaction:
Cementation:
Melting:
Solidification:
Uplift, Weathering and Erosion
Pressure: