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Transcript
th 8 Grade PASS Review Earth’s Structures and Processes 1 The model below summarizes the key characteristics of one of Earth’s layers. Which of the following would be the best title for this model? •Outermost layer •Thinnest layer •Least dense layer •Solid rock (basalt & granite) A. Core B. Lithosphere C. Crust D. Mantle 2 Which of the following describes a difference between the oceanic crust and the continental crust? A. The oceanic crust is thicker than the continental crust. B. The oceanic crust is more dense than the continental crust. C. The oceanic crust is liquid and the continental crust is solid. D. The oceanic crust is made of iron, the continental crust is made of magnesium. 3 Convection currents cause which layer of the Earth to flow slowly? A. Inner core B. Lithosphere C. Oceanic crust D. Asthenosphere 4 The chart below illustrates the location and some key characteristics of the Mantle. Which of the following characteristics could also be added to this chart? Mantle A. Least dense layer B. Most dense layer Middle layer Iron and magnesium Hot softened rock Asthenosphere C. Density increases with depth D. Density decreases with depth 5 Earth’s core is divided into two parts, the inner core and the outer core. Which statement below accurately compares the two parts of Earth’s core? A. The inner core is thicker than the outer core. B. The inner core is made of nickel the outer core is made of iron. C. The inner core is solid and the outer core is slow flowing liquid. D. The inner core is made of basalt and the outer core is made of granite. 6 The image below demonstrates the seismic wave activity (P waves and S waves) from a recent earthquake. Analyze how the P waves and S waves move through Earth’s layers. This illustration best supports which of the following? A. The outer core is made of liquid. B. P waves travel faster than S waves. C. P waves are longitudinal and S waves are transverse. D. Surface waves cause the most damage. 7 The model below shows two seismic waves created by an earthquake. What inference can be made about the Orange wave? A. The orange wave represents an S wave. B. The orange wave represents a P wave. C. The orange wave represents a surface wave. D. The orange wave represents a longitudinal wave. 8 Forces that are great enough to cause rocks to break are called faults. A Strike-slip fault is most closely related to which of the following? A. Compaction B. Compression C. Tension D. Shearing 9 The model below shows the triangulation of a recent earthquake. Which point below represents the epicenter of this earthquake? A. Point 1 B. Point 2 C. Point 3 1 4 D. Point 4 3 2 10 The graph below shows data from a recent seismic event. Analyze the speed and movement of the P waves and S waves. This data best supports which of the following conclusions? A. The mantle is the densest layer. B. The inner core is solid. C. S waves travel faster than P waves. D. P waves travel fastest in the Lithosphere. 11 The model below depicts data collect from a recent earthquake. This model represents which of the following? A. Seismogram B. Compression C. Triangulation D. Secondary waves 12 The diagram below models the steps scientists use for conducting the triangulation of an earthquake. Which of the following explains the importance of Houston, Dallas, and San Antonio in the process of triangulation? A. Surface waves from the earthquake caused the most damage at each of these locations. B. Fault lines at these locations where the cause of the earthquake that occurred in Austin. C. Seismographs at each of these locations are used to create a seismogram of the earthquake. D. These cities represent the location of three major earthquakes that occurred at the same time. 13 Which of the following would be the best title for the model below? A. Fault-block mountain B. Strike-slip mountain C. Folded mountain D. Subduction zone 14 Which term below would be the best title for the model below? A. Triangulation B. The Rock Cycle C. Mountain Building Forces D. Geologic Plate Boundaries 15 Use the terms below to label the model below. Some terms may be used more than once, and some labels may use multiple terms. Igneous Label 4 Intrusive Extrusive Label 5 Sediments Sedimentary Metamorphic Label 3 Label 1 Label 2 16 What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an Earthquake? A. The focus is the amount of energy released, and the epicenter is the location where the most damage occurs. B. The focus is the location where the most damage occurs, and the epicenter is the amount of energy released. C. The focus is the location inside Earth’s crust where the earthquake begins, and the epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the focus. D. The epicenter is the location inside Earth’s crust where the earthquake begins, and the focus is the point on Earth’s surface directly above the epicenter. 17 Amber found a rock when hiking in the mountains. After observing the rock, Amber’s teacher said it was an intrusive igneous rock. Which of the following best explains how this rock was formed? A. Compaction and cementation pressed layers of rock pieces and mineral grains into a new rock. B. Extreme heat and pressure inside Earth’s crust pressed rocks and minerals together to form a new rock. C. Magma cooled rapidly forming small, fine grains inside a new rock. D. Magma cooled slowly forming large, coarse grains inside a new rock. 18 What type of rock will most likely form at label 1? A. Metamorphic B. Sedimentary C. Intrusive igneous D. Extrusive igneous 19 What type of landform will most likely develop at location 1 in the future? A. Valley Location 1 B. Volcano C. Earthquake D. Transform boundary 20 What type of boundary is represented in the model below? A. Oceanic-continental divergent B. Continental-continental divergent C. Oceanic- continental convergent D. Continental-continental convergent 21 Rhyolite and granite are both igneous rocks made of similar minerals. Rhyolite is fine-grained, whereas granite is coarse grained. Which statement below is the most likely explanation for this difference? A. Granite is formed from great heat and pressure while rhyolite is formed from the quick cooling of lava. B. Granite is formed from the quick cooling of lava and rhyolite is formed from pressure of accumulated sediments. C. Granite is formed from slow cooling magma and rhyolite is formed from quick cooling lava. D. Granite is formed by melting into Earth’s asthenosphere while rhyolite is formed from great heat and pressure. 22 Which of the following is describes the difference between the red circled area and the green circled area? A. The red circle is steeper than the green circle. B. The red circle is flatter than the green circle. C. The red circle is a river and the green circle is an ocean D. The red circle is a volcano and the green circle is an earthquake.23 Which of the following would be the best title for the model below? A. Continental-oceanic divergent B. Continental-continental convergent C. Oceanic-continental transform D. Oceanic-oceanic convergent 24 The image below shows a wall of sedimentary rock. Which of the following terms are most closely related to the formation of this wall of rock? Choose 4 correct answers. A. Heat E. Magma B. Intrusive F. Deposition C. Sediments G. Folding D. Compaction H. Cementation 25 Which of the following explains how a sedimentary rock might be transformed into a metamorphic rock? A. Magma on the surface cools and hardens rapidly. B. Magma deep inside Earth cools and hardens slowly. C. Sediments that have been deposited on the surface are compacted together. D. Great heat and pressure inside Earth squeeze a rock changing its form. 26 Which of the following statements describes the relationship between extrusive igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks? A. Weathering breaks down extrusive igneous rocks which can later be deposited to form sedimentary rocks. B. Heat and pressure inside Earth squeezes sedimentary rocks and forms new extrusive igneous rocks. C. Extrusive igneous rocks melt and become magma which cools and hardens rapidly forming sedimentary rocks. D. Weathering breaks down extrusive igneous rocks, uncovering sedimentary rocks that were deeper in Earth. 27 Which of the following would be the best title for the chart below. Title • Natural • Remains of living things • Give off energy • Limited resource A. Ores B. Minerals C. Fossil fuels D.Triangulation 28 Which of the following describes the relationship between ores and minerals? A. Minerals are mined and ores are not. B. Ores can be used for energy and minerals are used for buildings. C. Ores are minerals that contain useful metals and nonmetals. D. Minerals are formed from the remains of living things and ores are formed from Earth’s heat and pressure. 29 Which of the following terms is most closely related to the movement of the lithospheric plates? A. Solar energy B. Convection C. Conduction D. Radiation 30 Which of the following explains what is happening in the image below? A. New crust is forming at a divergent boundary. B. Some crust is being destroyed at a convergent boundary. C. Crust is neither being destroyed or formed at a transform boundary. D. Two continental plates are converging and forming mountains. 31 Which of the following explains why the oceanic crust is being subducted? A. Magma is pushing up the continental crust. B. Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust. C. Oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust. D. Oceanic crust is made of liquid and continental crust is made of rock. 32 Which of the following is the best prediction of what might occur at the circled area? A. Volcano B. Mountain C. Earthquake D. Subduction 33 Scientists use evidence from the movement of lithospheric plates to support which of the following theories? A. Pangaea B. Global warming C. Natural selection D. Law of superposition 34 The image below shows a volcano. Which of the following is the best label for the area marked 1? A. Cone B. Vent 1 C. Lava D. Magma 35 Which of the following would be the best title for the model below? A. Folded mountain formation B. Earthquake formation C. Fault-block mountain formation D. Volcano formation 36 The image below is an example of which of the following? A. Ring of Fire B. Topography C. Satellite imagery D. Aerial photography 37